Study on the Properties of Blend Rubber Between Grafted Rubber Latex and Natural Rubber Latex by Gamma Radiation

Blend rubber films were prepared by mixing styrene grafted rubber latex and natural rubber latex (NRL) with varying proportions by gamma radiation from Co-60 source at room temperature. Tensile strength, modulus at 500% elongation, elongation at break, permanent set, and swelling ratio were measured. Tensile strength and modulus at 500% elongation attain maximum at 8 kGy radiation dose for blend rubber films. The increase in tensile strength is insignificant, but modulus increases from 5.61 to 7.46 MPa with increased proportion of grafted rubber latex from 40 to 70% in the blend at this radiation dose. Elongation at break, permanent set, and swelling ratio of blend rubber decreases with increase in radiation dose as well as proportion of grafted rubber.     

天然橡胶乳液压敏胶粘剂

本文介绍了天然橡胶胶乳压敏胶的基本情况，内容包括基本组成、主要优缺点和改进方法。     

沥滤对天然胶乳胶膜性能的影响

沥滤是天然胶乳浸渍制品一种非常有用且重要的工艺。沥滤可降低胶膜中可溶性物质的含量，改善胶膜的物理性能，降低胶膜中蛋白质含量和亚硝胺含量，从而提高制品的质量。     

茶多酚改性天然胶乳复合材料的制备及性能研究

以多羟基结构的茶多酚作界面改性剂,制备了埃洛石纳米管/天然胶乳复合材料及二氧化硅/天然胶乳复合材料,研究了茶多酚对复合材料界面作用及力学性能的影响。结果表明,茶多酚分别能与埃洛石纳米管和二氧化硅形成氢键,改善了填料与橡胶基体间的界面作用。茶多酚改性天然胶乳复合材料的力学性能显著提高,其原因归因于复合材料界面状态的改善。     

Improvement of Physicochemical Properties of Natural Rubber and Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends by Radiation Vulcanization

Variable compositions of natural rubber latex (NRL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) have been blended. The contents of PVA in the blends were varied from 0.5 phr to 3.0 phr and the total solids contents of NRL was fixed to 50%. The blends were irradiated at different irradiation doses (0–20 kGy) in the presence of normal butylacrylate (n-BA). The permanent set; swelling ratio and elongation at break point of the blended films at all compositions decrease with the increase of radiation doses whereas increase is observed in cross-linking density, gel content, tensile strength and modulus. Sharp changes of all the properties were observed between 3–5 kGy radiation doses. On the other hand, at higher radiation doses, ≥ 5 kGy, the permanent set, swelling ratio, gel content did not show any appreciable change whereas cross-linking density, tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break point are changed. The maximum cross-linking density of blend is observed with 2.0 phr PVA at 12 kGy radiation. The highest value of modulus and tensile strength of the same blend are found at 10 kGy and 5 kGy respectively. Blends with 2.0 phr PVA for all compositions proved to be optimum for improving varies properties at 5–12 kGy radiation doses.     

Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber/Palygorskite Composites by Co-Coagulating Rubber Latex and Clay Aqueous Suspension

Natural rubber (NR)/Palygorskite composites were prepared by co-coagulating rubber latex and clay aqueous suspension. Org-palygorskite was attained by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the four factors influencing the average diameter of palygorskite were discussed. Four optimal conditions of preparing minimum average diameter were determined which included the concentration of palygorskite, the concentration of sodium polyacrylate, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power. Mechanical properties suggested that composites using modified palygorskite which were dispersed by ultrasonic wave were the best, the tensile strength, tear strength, 300% modulus and shall hardness increased by 77.14%, 118.18%, 242.86% and 65.2%, respectively. Modified palygorskite was shown by FTIR spectrogram and observed by ESEM. Modified palygorskite dispersed by ultrasonic wave were dispersed into the rubble uniformly, some stick particles inserted into the rubber and it is difficult to find stick shape, and there were 20% particles belonging to nanomaterials and 80% micromaterials.     

木质素用量对乳液共沉天然橡胶性能的影响

采用共沉方法制备天然橡胶/木质素复合材料,研究了复合材料和炭黑胶料的性能以及木质素用量对天然橡胶性能的影响。结果表明,加有木质素的胶料,随着木质素用量的增加,复合材料的门尼粘度逐渐上升,炭黑胶料的最低转矩(ML)增大,最高转矩(MH)下降,正硫化时间(tc90)延长,焦烧时间(ts1)缩短,炭黑分散性变差,胶料的加工安全性、耐磨性及耐老化性变差,硫化胶的定伸应力降低。当木质素用量在20份以内时,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度提高。     

纳米材料改性苯丙乳液的制备研究

为检测纳米材料添加对苯丙乳液性能的影响并提高其在乳液中的稳定性,进行了纳米材料包裹剂的选择及用量、纳米材料用量及加入方式、不同纳米材料的对比等实验。发现当先采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米材料进行包裹,后分散于拥有大侧链基团的单体中的工艺时,乳液的硬度、粘度等参数均有不同程度的提高,其中耐水性提高近4倍。乳液的各项稳定性测试均达到一级,贮存稳定性达6个月以上。     

丁二烯-丙烯腈乳液聚合过程的性能研究

在生产N41丁腈橡胶乳液时,考察了聚合反应单体转化率随反应时间的变化,测定了乳液的粒径、黏度、表面张力和机械稳定性等性能。试验结果表明:随着转化率的升高,乳液的粒径、黏度和表面张力逐渐升高,机械稳定性逐渐降低;当转化率为80%时,乳液的各项性能最佳。     

过氧化物预硫化天然胶乳胶膜的热氧稳定性研究

用热重法－微商热重法（TG－DTG）和差热分析（DTA）研究了不同交联程度和不同硫化工艺条件和过氧化物硫化胶乳（PPVL）胶膜的热氧稳定性。结果表明，PPVL胶膜的热氧稳定性与交联程度有关。交联程度较低（溶胶指数较高）时，起始降解温度较高；交联程度较高（溶胀指数较低）时，起始降解温度较低。不同硫化工艺对PPVL胶膜的热氧稳定性有一定影响，起始降解温度和DTG峰温度与起始放热温度和第一放热峰温度之间有呈反比的趋势。     

天然胶乳发泡材料的制备及性能研究

采用Dunlop发泡法制备天然胶乳发泡材料,研究硫化剂(硫黄)、发泡剂(油酸钾)和凝胶剂(氟硅化钠)用量及硫化工艺对天然胶乳发泡材料性能的影响。结果表明:硫黄和氟硅化钠用量对天然胶乳发泡材料的成型有较大影响,而油酸钾用量主要影响天然胶乳发泡材料泡孔结构,进而影响其性能,硫黄、油酸钾和氟硅化钠最佳用量分别为2.5,1.5和0.5份;硫化温度对天然胶乳发泡材料性能的影响大于硫化时间,天然胶乳发泡材料最佳硫化条件为120℃×30min,硫化模具开排气孔有利于提高天然胶乳发泡材料的性能。     

“胶乳共混法”制备天然橡胶／二氧化硅纳米复合材料及其性能

采用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）改性纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）,然后通过乳液聚合接枝上聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）,再将其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）改性的天然胶乳,通过胶乳共混法制备天然橡胶／二氧化硅纳米复合材料,结果显示,纳米二氧化硅表面接枝上了PMMA,二氧化硅在橡胶基体中分散良好,粒径在60～100nm之间,得到的胶膜力学性能有很大的提高。     

硫黄用量对天然胶乳膜性能的影响

采用凝固剂浸渍法制备天然胶乳硫化胶膜,并对其结构和性能进行研究。结果表明：天然胶乳预硫化程度随硫黄用量的增加而增大;胶膜硫化后的交联程度随硫黄用量的增加先增大后减小,在硫黄用量为1.25份时达到最大值;拉伸强度随硫黄用量的增加先增大后减小,在硫黄用量为1份时达到最大值,而拉断伸长率呈下降趋势;当硫黄用量为1份时达到最佳致密性。     

高级胶清与新鲜胶乳并用制备复合橡胶的研究

胶清经中空纤维柱过滤浓缩后,与木瓜蛋白酶反应制备高级胶清,将高级胶清与新鲜胶乳按一定干基质量比混合、共凝制备复合橡胶,研究高级胶清与新鲜胶乳并用比对复合橡胶性能的影响。结果表明:当高级胶清用量为10~40份时,复合橡胶的理化性质可达到国产5#标准胶的要求;高级胶清能促进复合橡胶的硫化并提高其物理性能。     

纳米蒙脱土改性天然胶乳的制备及其性能研究

采用胶乳接枝插层法制备了纳米蒙脱土改性天然胶乳，并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明，采用胶乳接枝插层法不仅能实现天然胶乳与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的接枝，而且能与有机改性蒙脱土插层。通过这种方法制备的改性胶乳的硫化胶乳胶膜具有优良的物理性能和热力学性能。     

Relationship Among Thermal Ageing Degradation,Dynamic Properties,Cure Systems,and Antioxidants in Natural Rubber Vulcanisates

The present work aims to study the relationship among the thermal ageing stability, dynamic properties, cure systems, and antioxidants in natural rubber (NR) vulcanisates. Thermal degradation behavior of NR vulcanisates has been investigated and correlated to the changes in cross-link density, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties. The results obtained show that thermal ageing properties of NR vulcanisates depend strongly on cross-link density, which changes during thermal oxidative ageing or the so-called postcuring effect. In addition, the increases in ageing temperature and time lead dominantly to the postcuring and linkages scission phenomena in vulcanisates cured with CV and EV systems, respectively. With increasing ageing temperature, the tensile strength shows sharp drop at ageing temperature higher than 70°C and 100°C for the specimens cured with CV and EV systems, respectively. The sharp drop of tensile strength of vulcanisates cured with CV system is attributed to the too high cross-link density, which is caused by the postcuring effect. In the case of the vulcanisates cured with EV system, the linkage scission causes the sharp drop of tensile strength. The addition of amine-based antioxidant appears to improve ageing properties. However, the excessive antioxidant reduces tensile properties via a decrease in cross-link density.     

凝固方法对天然橡胶力学性能的影响

研究了三种不同凝固方法对天然橡胶性能和炭黑/天然橡胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用十二烷基硫酸钠和氯化钙凝固制得的天然橡胶达到5号标准橡胶的质量,其力学性能比用醋酸凝固所制得的天然橡胶的力学性能要好。     

过氧化物预硫化与硫黄硫化制备的医用天然胶乳制品热氧稳定性的差异

用TG-DTG方法研究动态空气状态下过氧化物预硫化天然胶乳(PPVL)制品试样和硫黄硫化天然胶乳制品试样的热氧降解。结果表明，PPVL试样和硫黄硫化体系试样的热氧降解反应为二步反应，前者的热氧降解起始温度To，DTG主降解峰温度L，终止温度T1均明显低于后者，反应活化能也明显低于后者；在较低温度下，两者均出现增重过程，前者比后者较明显，是后者的4．7倍；DTA曲线显示，前者出现的放热效应初始温度比后者提前。     

Analysis of Bulk Dynamic Properties in Two-Layered Natural Rubber Vulcanisates

Two-layered vulcanisates were prepared from two rubbers with different dynamic properties, and the bulk dynamic properties of the layered rubber vulcanisates were assessed. The results reveal that the bulk dynamic properties are strongly dependent on a layer thickness ratio. For the specimens in which each layer has similar compressive modulus and dynamic properties, the relationship between the bulk dynamic properties and the layer thickness ratio obeys a rule of mixture. However, for the specimens in which each layer has a large difference in compressive modulus, some deviation from the rule of mixture towards the layer with relatively large deformability (i.e., the layer with relatively low compressive modulus) is observed.     

不同品系天然橡胶胶乳的性能研究

对同一割龄6个品系的鲜胶乳,将其浓缩后比较各品系浓缩胶乳的性能,浓缩胶乳硫化胶膜的物理机械性能进行研究.结果表明热研8-79鲜胶及浓乳的干胶和总固含量最高,热研88-13的钙镁含量最高,RRIM600的分子量最大,硫化胶膜物理机械性能最好.