Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibers-Polyethylene/Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Green Dye and UV Radiation

Jute-reinforced polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and mixture of PP/PE composites were prepared. It was found that 90% PP and 10% PE matrices based jute reinforced composites performed the better results. UV radiation at different intensities was applied both on matrices and jute. Mechanical properties of the irradiated jute- and matrices-based composites were found to increase significantly. Optimized jute fabrics were also treated with different concentrations of green dye (0.1–1%, w/w) with 2% K₂O₈S₂ in methanol solution for 2–8 min. A composite made of 0.5% green dye jute (5 min soaking time) and irradiated matrix showed the best mechanical properties.     

Physico-Mechanical,Interfacial, Degradation,and Dielectric Properties of Jute/PP Composites: Effect of Dye and Gamma Radiation

Jute fabrics/polypropylene composites were prepared by compression molding. Jute fabrics were treated with red dye solutions (0.1–1%, w/w) for different soaking times and we found that 0.5% red-dye-treated jute/PP composite for 5 min soaking time showed better results. Gamma radiation (250-1000 krad dose) was applied on both jute and matrices. Composites were fabricated with non-irradiated jute/non-irradiated PP (C-0), non-irradiated jute/irradiated PP (C-1), irradiated jute/non-irradiated PP (C-2), and irradiated jute/irradiated PP (C-3). It was found that a C-3 composite made using 500 krad dose showed the best results. Simulating weathering and dielectric properties of the composites were also performed.     

Thermal,Mechanical and Morphological Characterization of Jute/Gelatin Composites

Jute fabrics/gelatin biocomposites were fabricated using compression molding. The fiber content in the composite varied from 20–60 wt%. Composites were subjected to mechanical, thermal, water uptake and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Composite contained 50 wt% jute showed the best mechanical properties. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength of the 50% jute content composites were found to be 85 MPa, 1.25 GPa, 140 MPa and 9 GPa and 9.5 kJ/m², respectively. Water uptake properties at room temperature were evaluated and found that the composites had lower water uptake compared to virgin matrix.     

Physico-Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Biocomposites of Jute Fabric-Reinforced Poly(caprolactone)

Jute fabric-reinforced poly(caprolactone) biocomposites (30–70% jute) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength of the non-irradiated composites (50% jute) were found to be 65 MPa, 0.75 GPa, 75 MPa, 4.2 GPa and 6.8 kJ/m², respectively. The composites were irradiated with gamma radiation at different doses (50–1000 krad) at a dose rate of 232 krad/hr and mechanical properties were investigated. The irradiated composites containing 50% jute showed improved physico-mechanical properties. The degradation properties of the composites were observed. The morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscope.     

Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Jute Fabrics Reinforced Polyethylene/Polypropylene Composites: Role of Gamma Radiation

Jute fabrics reinforced polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and mixture of PP+PE matrices based composites (50 wt% fiber) were prepared by compression molding. It was found that the mixture of 80% PP + 20% PE hybrid matrices based jute fabrics reinforced composites performed the best results. Gamma radiation (250–1000 krad) was applied on PP, PE and jute fabrics then composites were fabricated. The mechanical properties of the irradiated composites (500 krad) were found to increase significantly compared to that of the non irradiated composites. Electrical properties like dielectric constant, loss tangent and conductivity with temperature variation of the composites were studied.     

Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Jute Fabrics: Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride/Polypropylene Hybrid Composites

Jute fabrics such as reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and a mixture of PVC and PP matrices-based composites (50 wt% fiber) were prepared by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), tensile modulus (TM), and vbending modulus (BM) of jute fabrics' reinforced PVC composite (50 wt% fiber) were found to be 45 MPa, 52 MPa, 0.8 GPa, and 1.1 GPa, respectively. The effect of incorporation of PP on the mechanical properties of jute fabrics' reinforced PVC composites was studied. It was found that the mixture of 60% PP and 40% PVC matrices based composite showed the best performance. TS, BS, TM, and BM for this composite were found to be 65 MPa, 70 MPa, 1.42 GPa, and 1.8 GPa, respectively. Degradation tests of the composites for up to six months were performed in a soil medium. Thermo-mechanical properties of the composites were also studied.     

Role of gamma radiation and EGDMA on the physico–mechanical properties of jute fabrics/polypropylene composites

Jute fabrics reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (45 wt % fiber) were prepared by compression molding and their mechanical properties were investigated. Both jute fabrics and PP sheets were treated with gamma radiation (250–1,000 krad dose) at a rate of 350 krad/h. Irradiated jute fabrics were soaked into ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) solutions (5–40% by weight) and cured in an oven at different temperatures (40–100°C) for 60 min. The percentage of polymer loading (PL) was evaluated and found that 20% EGDMA‐treated jute fabrics contains the highest PL. Composites made of 20% EGDMA‐treated jute fabrics were studied further. It was found that the treatment using the EGDMA improved the mechanical properties of the composites significantly. Scanning electron microscopy and aging properties of untreated and treated composites were performed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Jute Reinforced Polymer Composite by Gamma Radiation: Effect of Surface Treatment with UV Radiation

Jute (Hessian cloth) reinforced polymer composites were prepared with a mixture of 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and aliphatic urethane diacrylate oligomer (EB-204), and then cured under gamma radiation. Thick pure polymer films (2 mm thickness) were prepared by using the same monomer and oligomer at different weight ratios, and 500 krad of total gamma radiation dose at 600 krad/hr was selected for the curing of all composites. Total radiation dose, jute content, and monomer concentration were optimized with the extent of mechanical properties. Among all resulting composites, the composite of 38% jute content at monomer:oligomer = 50:50 (w/w) ratios showed the better mechanical properties, such as 108% increase in tensile strength (TS), 58% increase in bending strength (BS), 138% increase in tensile modulus (TM), and 211% increase in bending modulus (BM) relative to pure polymer film. The gel content values were also found to increase with the increase of jute content in the composite. But the elongation at break (Eb) for both tensile and bending was found to decrease with increasing jute content. The best mechanical properties were obtained when jute fibers were pre-irradiated with UV radiation, such as 150% increase in TS, 90% increase in BS relative to polymer film, 19% increase in TS, and 15% increase in BS relative to untreated jute-based composites. A water uptake behavior investigation of the resulting composites was also performed and composites based on UV-treated jute showed the minimum water uptake value.     

Studies of the Physico-Mechanical,Interfacial, and Degradation Properties of Jute Fabrics/Melamine Composites

Jute fabrics/melamine composites (20% fiber) were prepared by compression molding. Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. Mechanical properties of starch-treated jute/melamine composites, including tensile strength (31%), bending strength (29%), tensile modulus (23%), bending modulus (25%), impact strength (113%), and hardness (4%), inproved significantly over the untreated composite. Fracture surfaces of untreated and treated composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported poorer fiber matrix adhesion for the untreated composite than that of the treated composite. Water uptake and soil degradation tests of untreated and treated composites were also performed.     

Mechanical,thermal and degradation properties of jute fabric – reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of potassium permanganate as oxidizing agent

Mechanical properties of jute fabrics‐reinforced polypropylene composites were measured with reference to fiber loading and found highest at 45% by the weight of jute fabrics. Jute fabrics were treated with potassium permanganate in acid (oxalic acid and sulphuric acid) and alkaline (KOH) media in order to investigate the oxidizing effect on the properties of the composites. Solutions of oxalic acid, sulphuric acid, and KOH were prepared in water as 1.0–10.0% w/v, 0.1–2.0% v/v, and 1.0–10.0% w/v, respectively, where percentage of KMnO4 was maintained at 0.01% w/v. Among the treatments, 5.0% oxalic acid treated jute composite showed better mechanical performance. Thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) data of PP, jute fabrics and composites showed that thermal degradation temperatures of composites shifted to higher temperature regions compared to PP or jute fabrics. The treatment of jute fabrics improves thermal stability of the composites. Treated jute composites were found less degradable in soil, water and simulated weathering conditions and also found less water sensible compared to control composite (45% w/w jute fabrics). POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Potassium Permanganate on the Physico-Mechanical Properties of Jute Polymer Composites

Jute fabrics-reinforced polymer composites were prepared with different formulations using oligomer (M-1200), methanol and benzoyl peroxide. Fiber content in the composites was optimized and 55% jute content at oligomer: methanol: benzyl peroxide = 75:24.5:0.5 (w/w) ratios showed better mechanical properties. Jute fabrics were treated with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution of different concentrations for different soaking times. Optimized jute fabrics were soaked in the optimized formulation (F3) and cured under UV radiation at different intensities and measured their mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water uptake and soil degradation test of the treated and untreated composite samples were performed.     

Study on Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Jute Fiber Reinforced Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composites

Abstract

Jute fiber (Hessian cloth) reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared by heat press molding techniques. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), and elongation at break of the composites were studied. The enhancement of TS (33%) and BS (50%) were obtained as a result of reinforcment jute fabrics in LDPE. In order to improve the mechanical properties and adhesion between jute and LDPE, hessian cloth were each treated with 2-hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The HEMA-treated jute composite showed higher tensile and bending strength compared to untreated jute composite and LDPE. Dielectric properties like dielectric constant and loss tangent (tan δ) of jute, LDPE and composites were studied. Ferro to paraelectric phase transition occurred in both treated and untreated jute composites containing more than 20% jute. Water uptake behaviors of the composite were monitored and HEMA-treated composite showed lower water absorption behavior. The adhesion nature of jute and LDPE also characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), better adhesion was observed between HEMA-treated jute and LDPE over untreated ones.     

Comparative Studies of Mechanical and Interfacial Properties Between Jute Fiber/PVC and E-Glass Fiber/PVC Composites

Composites (50 wt% fiber) of jute fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix and E-glass fiber reinforced PVC matrix were prepared by compression molding. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact strength (IS) of both types of composites was evaluated and compared. Values of TS, TM, BS, BM and IS of jute fiber/PVC composites were found to be 45 MPa, 802 MPa, 46 MPa, 850 MPa and 24 kJ/m², respectively. It was observed that TS, TM, BS, BM and IS of E-glass fiber/PVC composites were found to increase by 44, 80, 47, 92 and 37.5%, respectively. Thermal properties of the composites were also carried out, which revealed that thermal stability of E-glass fiber/PVC system was higher. The interfacial adhesion between the fibers (jute and E-glass) and matrix was studied by means of critical fiber length and interfacial shear strength that were measured by single fiber fragmentation test. Fracture sides after flexural testing of both types of the composites were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy.     

汽车内饰用PP/黄麻纤维复合材料力学性能

采用转矩流变仪混合造粒,通过注射成型方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/黄麻纤维复合材料,研究了对纤维表面进行处理的NaOH浓度、纤维含量和相容剂的含量对PP/黄麻纤维复合材料力学性能的影响,采用扫描电镜对纤维表面及复合材料的断面形貌进行分析。结果表明:黄麻纤维经过碱处理后PP/黄麻纤维复合材料的力学性能优于纤维未处理的复合材料的力学性能,随着NaOH浓度的提高,PP/黄麻纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度增加,在NaOH浓度为16%时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度最佳;其弯曲强度随着NaOH浓度的提高先增加而后下降,在8%浓度时,弯曲强度最大。随着纤维含量的提高,PP/黄麻纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度先增加后下降,在纤维含量达到20%时,PP/黄麻纤维合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度达到最大。随着纤维含量的提高,PP/黄麻纤维复合材料的冲击强度降低。相容剂的加入使得PP/黄麻纤维复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度明显增加。     

Long jute fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite: Effects of jute fiber bundle and glass fiber hybridization

Two types of long jute fiber pellet consisting of twisted‐jute yarn (LFT‐JF/PP) and untwisted‐jute yarn (UT‐JF/PP) pellets are used to prepare jute fiber–reinforced polypropylene (JF/PP) composites. The mechanical properties of both long fiber composites are compared with that of re‐pelletized pellet (RP‐JF/PP) of LFT‐JF/PP pellet, which is re‐compounded by extrusion compounding. High stiffness and high impact strength of JF/PP composites are as a result of using long fiber. However, the longer fiber bundle consequently affects the distribution of jute fiber. The incorporation of 10 wt % glass fibers is found to improve mechanical properties of JF/PP composites. Increasing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is dependent on the type of JF/PP pellets, which directly affect the fiber length and fiber orientation of glass fiber within hybrid composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41819.     

Thermomechanical and Interfacial Properties of Calcium Alginate Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Polypropylene (PP) matrix calcium alginate fiber reinforced unidirectional composites (10% fiber by weight) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), and impact strength (IS) were found to be 26 MPa, 950 MPa, 38 MPa, 1320 MPa, and 20 kJ/m², respectively. Degradation tests of composites were performed for 6 weeks in soil and it was found that composites retained almost 75% of its original strength. The interfacial properties of the composite were investigated by using single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Effect of the atmospheric plasma treatment parameters on jute fabric: The effect on mechanical properties of jute fabric/polyester composites

The effect of atmospheric air plasma treatment of jute fabrics on the mechanical properties of jute fabric reinforced polyester composites was investigated. The jute fabrics were subjected to different plasma powers (60, 90, and 120 W) for the exposure times of 1, 3, and 6 min. The effects of plasma powers and exposure times on interlaminar shear strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of polyester based composites were evaluated. The greatest ILSS increase was about 171% at plasma power of 120 W and exposure time of 6 min. It is inferred that atmospheric air plasma treatment improves the interfacial adhesion between the jute fiber and polyester. This result was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy observations of the fractured surfaces of the composites. The greatest tensile strength and flexural strength values were determined at 120 W for 1 min and at 60 W for 3 min, respectively. Moreover, it can be said that atmospheric air plasma treatment of jute fibers at longer exposure times (6 min) made a detrimental effect on tensile and flexural properties of jute‐reinforced polyester composites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Elaboration of performance of tea dust–polypropylene composites

In this research work, dynamic, mechanical, and thermophysical properties of untreated and 5, 7, and 10 wt % styrene treated tea dust (TD):polypropylene (PP) composites prepared by injection‐molding machine were elaborated. There were distinctive and significant improvement observed in mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break), physical analysis (water swelling), dynamic mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ), and thermal behavior and surface morphological properties of styrene treated TD:PP (40:60) composites as compared to that of untreated one. The tensile strength (from 7.00 to 9.95 MPa), tensile modulus (from 350 to 715 MPa), storage modulus (from 8500 to ～10,500 MPa), and loss modulus (from ～150 to ～200 MPa) increased on 10 wt % styrene treatment of TD over the untreated TD:PP (40:60) composites. The styrene treated TD:PP (40:60) composites behaved as more elastic than their pure counterpart. Styrene treated TD:PP (40:60) composites were more thermally more stable (85 °C difference) as compared to virgin PP. Overall, this research also indicates the use of TD waste. An improvement in dispersion of styrene treated TD particles in PP was also observed in the preparation of the PP composites due to good compatibility of styrene with PP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44750.     

Mechanical and viscoelastic properties of soybean oil thermoset reinforced with jute fabrics and carded lyocell fiber

Composites and hybrid composites were manufactured from renewable materials based on jute fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers (Lyocell), and thermosetting polymer from soybean oil. Three different types of jute fabrics with biaxial weave architecture but different surface weights, and carded Lyocell fiber were used as reinforcements. Hybrid composites were also manufactured by combining the jute reinforcements with the Lyocell. The Lyocell composite was found to have better mechanical properties than other composites. It has tensile strength and modulus of about 144 MPa and 18 GPa, respectively. The jute composites also have relatively good mechanical properties, as their tensile strengths and moduli were found to be between 65 and 84 MPa, and between 14 and 19 GPa, respectively. The Lyocell‐reinforced composite showed the highest flexural strength and modulus, of about 217 MPa and 13 GPa, respectively. In all cases, the hybrid composites in this study showed improved mechanical properties but lower storage modulus. The Lyocell fiber gave the highest impact strength of about 35 kJ/m², which could be a result of its morphology. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the Lyocell reinforced composite has the best viscoelastic properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Comparative experimental measurements of jute fiber/polypropylene and coir fiber/polypropylene composites as ionizing radiation

Jute and coir fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (45 wt% fiber) were prepared by compression molding. Composites were fabricated with irradiated jute fiber/irradiated PP and irradiated coir fiber/irradiated PP at different doses (250–1,000 krad). It was revealed that jute‐based composites had better mechanical properties as compared to coir‐based composites. Interfacial shear strength of jute/PP and coir/PP systems was measured by using the single‐fiber fragmentation test. Scanning electron microscopy investigation shows poor fiber matrix adhesion for coir‐based composites than that of jute‐based composites. Water uptake and soil degradation tests of the composites were also performed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers