Information: Sixth Korshaks Readings

Traditional Korshak's Readings were as always held January 11–12, 1994, around the birth date of Professor Vasilii V. Korshak, who was a founder of the synthetic polymer school in former Soviet Union and was at the head of polymer science in the USSR for a long time. Among his disciples there are 200 philosophy doctors and 40 doctors of science. This year the Readings were dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of Professor Korshak's birthday (January 9, 1909). They were organized by the Scientific Council on Macromolecules of the Division of Pure and Applied Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nesmeyanov Institute of Elementoorganic Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEOC), and Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology. The Organizing Committee involved well-known colleagues and disciples of Professor V. V. Korshak. They were Professors A. L. Rusanov (the chairman), A. A. Askadsky, P. M. Valetsky, V. A. Vasnev, S. V. Vinogradova, Ya. S. Vygodsky, V. A. Davankov, V. V. Kireev, and A. R. Khokhlov. About 100 scientists from 15 research centers contributed in the conferences.     

The First Enikolopov's Readings

Abstract

The first Enikolopov Readings were held on March 14, 1994 at the Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials (ISPM), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. These Readings were dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the Birthday of Professor Nickolay S. Enikolopov, who made an oustanding contribution to the development of Chemical Physics, Physical Chemistry, and Chemistry and Physics of Composites. The leaders of the Russian scientific community gathered in order to remember the achievements of this great scientist of the former Soviet Union.     

A brief history of the Athens conference on organic coatings, science and technology

On 5–9 July 1999 the 25th conference on organic coatings took place in Vouliagmeni near Athens in Greece. To celebrate this anniversary and to honor the memory of the founder and director of the conference, Professor Angelos V. Patsis, a brief review of the history of the conference is given. Typical trends in coatings technology and applications reflected in the programs throughout the years are analyzed.     

Twenty-Fourth Kargin's Readings

The regular Kargin's Readings were held on January 24, 1994, in the Chemistry Department of Moscow State University. They were the 24th readings, Professor Valentin A. Kargin, the founder of polymer science in our country, the head of the Scientific Council on Macromol-ecules of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1948–1960), and the head of the Chair of Macromolecules of the Moscow State University, having passed away in 1969. Professor Kargin had founded the great school of experts in the area of physics and chemistry of polymers. He was very active in the science and his contribution mainly concerned the structural approach to synthesis, technology, and physical and chemical properties of polymers. Now Russian and foreign colleagues and disciples of Professor Kargin are preparing a memorial book about this outstanding scientist.     

Method for Calculating the Gross Calorific Value of Coal on a moist Ash-Free Basis

The statistical analysis of relationships between the composition, structure, and property characteristics of 63 test samples of coal from Ukraine, the Russian Federation, and countries outside the former Soviet Union was carried out. It was found that it is reasonable to separately predict the gross calorific value on a moist ash-free basis for the coals from Ukraine, the Russian Federation, and countries outside the former Soviet Union because of the different degrees of petrographic homogeneity of the test coals. Quantitative relationships were developed in order to forecast the gross calorific values on a moist ash-free basis with a required accuracy based on volatile matter, middle random vitrinite reflectance coefficient, and total fusainized components separately for Ukraine, the Russian Federation and countries outside the former Soviet Union.     

赴俄罗斯、乌克兰有机硅技术考察情况介绍(续)

赴俄罗斯、乌克兰有机硅技术考察情况介绍（续）章基凯（上海树脂厂上海２００３３５）（上接１９９７年第５期第２２页）３乌克兰硅聚合物生产联合体该联合体规模相当大，是从氯硅烷至聚合物一体化生产的综合厂，创建于１９５５年。是目前该国开工率最高的厂家。可生产以...     

合成橡胶发展现状与未来趋势（中）

叙述了世界合成橡胶生产国的合成橡胶产量、装备能力、消费量、品种比例。以美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、日本、中国、韩国等几个国家为例,阐述合成橡胶工业近80年的发展变化。并重点介绍了当今世界10强合成橡胶企业集团（朗盛、中石化和中石油、锦湖化学、固特异与埃克森美孚、西伯儿、宝力米—欧罗巴等）的生产能力和发展状况等。现在的金融危机给合成橡胶工业的发展带来困难,但应看到这也是给合成橡胶企业一个调整的机会。并给出如下预测：合成橡胶企业将朝着经营多元化、规模大型化、装置多功能化、品种多样化、产品高性能化、生产环保化、橡胶低成本化的方向发展。     

合成橡胶发展现状与未来趋势（下）

叙述了世界合成橡胶生产国的合成橡胶产量、装备能力、消费量、品种比例。以美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、日本、中国、韩国等几个国家为例,阐述合成橡胶工业近80年的发展变化。并重点介绍了当今世界10强合成橡胶企业集团（朗盛、中石化和中石油、锦湖化学、固特异与埃克森美孚、西伯儿、宝力米－欧罗巴等）的生产能力和发展状况等。现在的金融危机给合成橡胶工业的发展带来困难,但应看到这也是给合成橡胶企业一个调整的机会。并给出如下预测：合成橡胶企业将朝着经营多元化、规模大型化、装置多功能化、品种多样化、产品高性能化、生产环保化、橡胶低成本化的方向发展。     

合成橡胶发展现状与未来趋势（上）

叙述了世界合成橡胶生产国的合成橡胶产量、装备能力、消费量、品种比例。以美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、日本、中国、韩国等几个国家为例，阐述合成橡胶工业近80年的发展变化。并重点介绍了当今世界10强合成橡胶企业集团（朗盛、中石化和中石油、锦湖化学、固特异与埃克森美孚、西伯尔、宝力米-欧罗巴等）的生产能力和发展状况等。现在的金融危机给合成橡胶工业的发展带来困难，但应看到这也是给合成橡胶企业一个调整的机会。并给出如下预测：合成橡胶企业将朝着经营多元化、规模大型化、装置多功能化、品种多样化、产品高性能化、生产环保化、橡胶低成本化的方向发展。     

The effect of spherulite structure of polypropylene on the thermally stimulated electret depolarization current

Summary The dependence of thermally stimulated depolarization current /TSC/ on morphological structure of polypropylene /PP/ films has been determined. Different morphologies in the investigated samples were arrised due to appropriate cooling conditions. The TSC maxima were correlated with the size of spherulites and attributed to the release of carriers traped at the crystalline and amorphous phase borders.Dedicated to Professor C. I. Simionescu on his 60th anniversary     

Forecast of the gross calorific value of coking coals

The comprehensive analysis of 63 test samples of coal concentrates from Ukraine, the Russian Federation, and countries outside the former Soviet Union (the United States, Canada, Australia, and Poland), which constitute the current raw materials base of the by-product coke plants of Ukraine, was carried out. Mathematical equations for the forecast of gross heating values on a dry, ash-free basis were developed separately for the coals of Ukraine, the Russian Federation, and the countries outside the former Soviet Union with consideration for differences in the petrographic compositions and the degrees of reduction of coals from different basins. The correctness of forecast ensured by the developed equations was within the limits of permitted standard deviations.     

POWDER TECHNOLOGY

“Powder Technology” is a book of the opening lecture and 92 papers presented at The International Symposium on Powder Technology held at Kyoto International Conference Hall, Kyoto, Japan, September 28-October 1, 1981. This Symposium conmemorated the 25th anniversary of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan. There were approximately 280 researchers from Japan and over 50 from overseas representing the leading powder technologists in the world. After the opening lecture by Professor Iinoya, the papers were presented in eight technical sessions denoted by the key words and phrases given above.     

过程工程所流化床直接还原技术研究进展

“双碳”背景下,钢铁工业亟待低碳重塑,氢气直接还原(常称为“氢冶金”)是国内外竞相研发的重要方向。流态化直接还原是过程工程所六十多年来一直坚持的研究方向。值此叶渚沛先生诞辰120周年之际,本综述回顾并概述了过程工程所在流态化直接还原基础理论和工业应用两方面所取得的一系列重要成果。基础理论方面包括颗粒间黏着力与分离力相互竞争黏结机制、聚团流化和慢速失流的发现、不同铁形貌析出机理和黏结特性,以及降低颗粒间黏结力(颗粒包覆改性、调控铁析出形貌)和增大颗粒间分离力(增强颗粒运动、增大颗粒尺寸、施加外场力)等一系列抑制黏结失流方法;工业应用方面包括100公斤/天流化床氢气直接还原、1吨/天钒钛磁铁矿流化床直接还原和千吨级钒钛磁铁矿直接还原-电炉熔分等中间试验,目前正在与鞍钢集团等单位合作开展全球首套1万吨直接还原铁/年流化床绿氢直接还原工程示范。谨以此文缅怀叶渚沛先生、郭慕孙先生等老一辈科学家,以期推动流化床直接还原基础理论和技术研发的进步,为钢铁工业低碳重塑贡献智慧和力量。要点：(1)还原过程颗粒黏结机理的揭示对突破黏结失流难题和提高还原效率具有重要的作用。(2)基于黏结机理和过程强化研究,建...     

不同产地标准胶的微观结构与性能研究

本文对泰国北部20号标准胶 1#、泰国南部20号标准胶2#、马来西亚20号标准胶SMR 20和缅甸20号标准胶MSR20进行了研究。通过研究表明：在组成成分上,生胶SMR 20和2#除了含有顺式聚异戊二烯外,还含有少量的3,4结构单元。并且SMR20蛋白质的含量最高,抗热氧老化能力最强。在加工性方面,SMR20的加工性最好,凝胶含量最低,1#的加工性最差。在力学性能方面,SMR20 与1#定伸应力、拉伸强度、耐磨性优于MSR20,但抗撕裂性能比MSR20差。DMA测试结果表明SMR20抗湿滑性最好,滚动阻力小,动态力学性能最优。     

合成橡胶工业概况及发展建议

综述了国内外合成橡胶工业概况和发展趋势,并结合国情对我国“八五”期间合成橡胶工业的发展提出了建议。     

展望高分子材料在世纪转换年代的发展和作用

高分子合成材料主要指合成树脂和塑料、合成纤维、合成橡胶这三大合成材料。它们已广泛应用于尖端技术、国防建设和国民经济各领域。它与金属材料、陶瓷材料一起称为新技术革命的三大支柱材料。高分子材料的发展不仅对材料科学本身有重大影响，而且也直接关系到国民经济所有领域的发展。高分子材料为了满足２１世纪新技术革命发展的需要，主要朝着高性能化、高功能化、复合化、精细化和智能化的方向发展。     

轮胎技术发展对合成橡胶的需求

目前,轮胎技术发展重点关注两方面问题．一是REACH法规．二是轮胎用新标识。受国际大环境的影响．低能耗、低污染、低排放影响着企业的发展,也促使行业技术不断进步,越来越严格的实施细则和规范无一不促使轮胎工业向着更环保、节能、安全方向发展,由此对合成橡胶的发展和需求也产生了重要影响。     

The synthesis,characterization and properties of silicone adhesion promoters for addition-cure silicone rubber

Two types of polysiloxanes, GVPMS and GVHMS, were synthesized through nonhydrolytic sol-gel reaction from vinyltrimethoxysilane(VTMS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane(KH560) and diphenylsilandiol(DPSD) or hydroxyl silicone oil, respectively. The chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). GVPMS and GVHMS were used as adhesion promoter for addition-cure silicone rubber. It was found that the adhesion promoters not only greatly improved adhesion strength but also had excellent compatibility with silicone rubber. Among them, GVPMS gave better adhesion strength in silicone rubber. The shear strength of silicone rubber reached 1.70 MPa with addition of 1.5 phr GVPMS, which was about 317% higher than that of silicone rubber without the adhesion promoter. Meanwhile, the shear strength of silicone rubber reached 1.14 MPa with addition of 2.0 phr GVHMS, which was 183% higher than that of silicone rubber without the adhesion promoter. Optical property test results revealed that the refractive indexes of GVPMS and GVHMS were 1.5185 and 1.4133 respectively and both of them had good compatibility with silicone rubber, which satisfied the application demand of high-refractive and low-refractive electron encapsulation. Thermal resistance test and SEM results further proved that adhesion promoter could significantly increase the adhesion between the copper substrate and silicone rubber, in which GVPMS had a better performance. Oxidation treatment experiment further explained the mechanism that adhesion promoter functioned as a bridge, linked silicone rubber and copper substrate through chemical bonds.     

乙烯聚合工艺进步向某些合成橡胶的传统生产技术挑战

乙烯聚合技术进步消除了塑料和橡胶生产工艺的明显分界，加剧了合成橡胶产业内的竞争．使某些合成橡胶传统生产技术开始过时；我国引进合成橡胶生产技术宜慎重。以乙烯为基础的弹性体正在由新技术大规模生产出来，给国际合成橡胶产业界造成剧烈的冲击，竞争引起联合、联合促进竞争，最终将使传统合成橡胶生产技术过时。因此．我国有关方面应对引进传统合成橡胶生产技术持慎重态度。     

我国合成橡胶工业现状及发展建议Ⅰ.现状分析

分析了我国合成橡胶工业的现状。阐述了我国合成橡胶现有七大品种的供需现状,指出了合成橡胶工业与国外相比存在的差距及我国合成橡胶产品的发展趋势。虽然我国合成橡胶工业有了持续快速增长,合成橡胶的产量仍不能满足国内市场需求,合成橡胶市场仍有较大发展空间。