Mechanical,chemical, thermal,and rheological properties of recycled PA6/ABS binary and PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blends

The effects of multiple injection molding cycles on the chemical and mechanical properties of PA6/ABS and PA6/PA66/ABS blends are investigated. The chemical structures of both PA6/ABS binary and PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blends do not alter after recycling process. For PA6/ABS binary blend, it is found that the tensile strength, strain at break, elastic modulus, impact strength, flexural strength, and modulus of recycled blend decrease by 6.49%, 15.19%, 21.00%, 9.41%, 7.09%, and 8.25%, respectively, while MFI increases by 23.59% as compared with the virgin blend. After five recycling process for PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blend, the tensile strength, strain at break, and impact strength of recycled blend decrease by 18.00%, 50.80%, and 87.27%, respectively. However, flexural strength and modulus of PA6/PA66/ABS blend increase slightly. For virgin PA6/PA66/ABS blend, MFI value was 7.7 g/10 min and with recycling this value showed an important increase to 31.56 g/10 min after five cycles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40810.     

POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED WITH WELL-CHARACTERIZED RECYCLED RESINS†

Recycling of thermoplastics recovered from waste products is an interesting issue for the great variety of convergent aspects involved in its consideration (i.e., ecologic, technologic, economic, etc.). In the case of specific applications of an already used resin (packaging materials, films, consumer goods, etc.), it is necessary to find the new set of processing conditions, the most adequate proportions of virgin and recycled material (if any) and the nature and the concentrations of contaminants

The materials tested in this work were blends of recycled and virgin resins and also included small amounts of contaminants. The blends containing different percentages of recycled resin were extruded under different sets of processing conditions. The results show important changes in these processing parameters as a function of percentage of recycled material. The extruded sheets were further characterized in order to establish the dependence of their mechanical properties on the above mentioned parameters. The final results of this study give an indication of the tolerances of each one of the studied factors for the case of polyethylene sheets which meet the specifications for a particular application.     

POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED WITH WELL-CHARACTERIZED RECYCLED RESINS

Recycling of thermoplastics recovered from waste products is an interesting issue for the great variety of convergent aspects involved in its consideration (i.e., ecologic, technologic, economic, etc.). In the case of specific applications of an already used resin (packaging materials, films, consumer goods, etc.), it is necessary to find the new set of processing conditions, the most adequate proportions of virgin and recycled material (if any) and the nature and the concentrations of contaminants

The materials tested in this work were blends of recycled and virgin resins and also included small amounts of contaminants. The blends containing different percentages of recycled resin were extruded under different sets of processing conditions. The results show important changes in these processing parameters as a function of percentage of recycled material. The extruded sheets were further characterized in order to establish the dependence of their mechanical properties on the above mentioned parameters. The final results of this study give an indication of the tolerances of each one of the studied factors for the case of polyethylene sheets which meet the specifications for a particular application.     

SAN树脂的相对分子质量对ABS树脂力学性能的影响

通过将三种不同相对分子质量的SAN树脂与同一种ABS接枝粉料进行熔融共混 ,测试共混物的力学性能 ,比较了三种SAN各自的增韧特性。实验结果表明 :SAN树脂的相对分子质量越高 ,制得的ABS树脂的冲击强度和断裂伸长率越高。SAN树脂的相对分子质量对ABS树脂的拉伸强度没有影响。SAN树脂的低聚物和挥发成分对拉伸强度影响较大。将高相对分子质量SAN和低相对分子质量SAN按不同比例混合后 ,再与ABS接枝粉料以 18份橡胶共混 ,考察了高相对分子质量SAN的加入对共混物冲击强度和熔体流动速率的影响。在SAN树脂中加入高相对分子质量SAN树脂后 ,可以提高ABS树脂的冲击强度 ,显著降低加工流动性     

The effect of recycling number on the mechanical,chemical, thermal,and rheological properties of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends: With and without glass‐fiber

The recycling possibilities of poly(butylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PBT/PC/ABS) ternary blend with and without glass‐fiber content were investigated using repeated injection molding process. In this study, PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends were reprocessed at five times and the results were presented after each recycling process. The recycling possibility of PBT/PC/ABS ternary blend was evaluated by measuring the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and rheological properties. Mechanical properties were determined by the tensile strength, yield strength, strain at break, elastic modulus, impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Chemical and thermal properties were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Rheological properties of the ternary blends were studied by melt flow index measurement. From the results, it was found that mechanical properties of recycled composites were better than virgin PBT/PC/ABS ternary blends. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:2074–2084, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PA6/ABS共混物性能研究

将聚酰胺6（PA6）与市售的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）树脂共混,制备PA6/ABS共混物。研究了ABS树脂的用量对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响;采用苯乙烯及丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和ABS粉料熔融共混制得不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物。研究了不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响。在PA6/ABS/SAN共混物中引入苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐共聚（SAM）树脂取代部分SAN树脂,研究了SAM树脂的加入及引入顺序的不同对共混物性能的影响。结果表明, ABS树脂的用量在50%～60%左右时共混物性能最佳。随ABS/SAN共混物胶含量提高,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐降低。随SAM树脂替代SAN量增加,共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能先降低后增加。但共混物熔体流动速率降低明显,而SAM树脂的引入顺序对共混物的力学性能影响不大。     

玻纤增强本体法ABS、乳液法ABS复合材料的制备及其性能

利用双螺杆挤出机共混挤出法分别制备了两种玻纤增强本体法(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)复合材料和两种玻纤增强乳液法ABS复合材料,从熔体流动速率、力学性能、耐热性能等方面比较了它们的差别,并研究了(苯乙烯/马来酸酐)共聚物(SMAH)对玻纤增强ABS复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,少量的SMAH可明显提高玻纤增强ABS复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度,玻纤增强本体法ABS复合材料有更好的力学性能.     

Analysis of thermal stability of acrylonitrile-acrylic elastomer-styrene terpolymer in injection molding

Acrylonitrile-acrylic elastomer-styrene terpolymer (AAS resin) was developed to improve weatherability of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS resin). To compare thermal stability of both resins, test parts of AAS and ABS resins were injection molded at various temperatures and the Izod impact value of the resulting moldings was measured. A study was then made to find the relationship between this value and deterioration of the resins. AAS resin was molded at temperatures from 180°C to 280°C. The impact value of the resulting moldings was almost constant for temperatures up to 260°C, with the first major decrease occurring at 280°C. In contrast, the impact value of conventional ABS resin moldings constantly decreased as the molding temperature was elevated. To explain this phenomenon in both resins, two types of test program steps were undertaken: (1) The cause of the change in characteristics of the AAS resin was determined by obtaining its stress-strain curve in a high-speed flexural strength test; measuring its infrared absorption spectrum; and determining its flow properties with a constant-pressure extrusion type rheometer; (2) the distribution of elastomer in the resin was observed with an electron microscope. It was found that the decrease of impact values of both resins at high temperatures is caused by deterionration of the elastomer. Also, it was found that the different relationships between the impact value and molding temperatures for AAS and ABS resins are due to the difference between the rates of thermal degradation of the acrylic elastomer and butadiene elastomer.     

An approach to chemical recycling of epoxy resin cured with amine using nitric acid

An approach to chemical recycling of epoxy resin was pursued. Bisphenol F type epoxy resin cured with 1,8-p-menthanediamine could be completely decomposed in nitric acid solution resulting from low corrosion resistance to nitric acid. Organic decomposed products of the resin with the highest yield were extracted from neutralized solution. The extract was repolymerized to prepare recycled resin, mixed with bisphenol F type epoxy resin and curing agent of phthalic anhydride. The mechanical properties of virgin resin and recycled resins were compared. It was surprising that the recycled resins were far superior to the virgin resin in strength. The results obtained from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of recycled resins was higher than that of virgin resin. The reason that they formed the better network structure was discussed.     

无机纳米粒子对回收ABS树脂性能的影响

无机纳米粒子由于表面效应和小尺寸效应,可提高同收丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(rABS)树脂的刚性,但增韧能力有限;能与弹性体协同增强、增韧rABS树脂,使树脂的拉伸强度达37 MPa,弯曲模量达2 100 MPa,简支梁缺口冲击强度达24 kJ/m2,接近ABS原料的强度,避免了弹性体增韧不增强的缺点.特殊的无机纳米粒子(...     

The Effect of the Addition of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Styrene on the Mechanical Properties of Bismaleimide/Carbon Composites

The objective of the work was to investigate the effect of addition of various weight percentages of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene in to Bismaleimide resin on mechanical properties. Matrix material and their blends were characterized for viscosity and glass transition temperature. Modified and unmodified carbon composites were prepared and tested for tensile, flexural and impact strengths. Tensile (11%) and impact properties (29%) were found to be highest at 6% weight of ABS. In the case of flexural strength was found to be increasing with increase of ABS. The morphology of the BMI modified resin systems were also studied by scanning electron microscopy.     

On a contribution to study some mechanical properties of WEEE recycled polymer blends

This research deals with the study of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) totally derived from wastes of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The aim of this study is to investigate the macroscopic use properties of 100% recycled polymers and compare them with the virgin materials. First, a preliminary work of sorting and characterization of the wastes was necessary to identify the predominant polymer components in the lots. Then, four compositions of blends (ABS/PC) were performed at laboratory using the twin-screw extruder and injection techniques. Next, a series of experimental tests were carried out to investigate the morphology of the blends, their mechanical and thermo-mechanical behavior. The experimental results highlighted the synergistic effect by blending ABS and PC wastes. In addition, the comparison with the virgin mixtures has shown a decrease in the mechanical properties of the waste blends, however, the mechanical behavior is still ductile and the blends stiffness was enhanced.     

In‐situ reinforcement of PBT/ABS blends with liquid crystalline polymer

Ternary in‐situ poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadienestyrene) (ABS)/liquid crystalline polymer(LCP) blends were prepared by injection molding. The LCP used was a versatile Vectra A950, and the matrix material was PBT/ABS 60/40 by weight. Maleic anhydride (MA) copolymer and solid epoxy resin (bisphenol type‐A) were used as compatibilizers for these blends. The tensile, dynamic mechanical, impact, morphology and thermal properties of the blends were studied. Tensile tests showed that the tensile stregth of PBT/ABS/LCP blend in the longitudinal direction increased markedly with increasing LCP content. However, it decreased sharply with increasing LCP content up to 5 wt%; thereafter it decreased slowly with increasing LCP content in the transverse direction. The modulus of this blend in the longitudinal direction appeared to increase considerably with increasing LCP content, whereas the incorporation of LCP into PBT/ABS blends had little effect on the modulus in the transverse direction. The impact tests revealed that the Izod impact strength of the blends in longitudinal direction decreased with increasing LCP content up to 10 wt%; thereafter it increased slowly with increasing LCP. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) and thermogravimetric measurements showed that the heat resistance and heat stability of the blends tended to increase with increasing LCP content. SEM observation, DMA, and tensile measurement indicated that the additions of epoxy and MA copolymer to PBT/ABS matrix appeared to enhance the compatibility between PBT/ABS and LCP.     

ABS回收料的性能研究

研究了在塑料注射制品生产过程中一次回收料的使用问题.通过研究一次回收料的添加比例、注射制品的模拟循环实验等对制品力学性能的影响,验证了一次回收料使用的可行性.选择了合适的增韧剂,可以提高ABS回收料的韧性.     

Improving coating characteristics of palm stearin alkyd by modification with ketone resin

The present study describes the modification of long oil palm stearin based alkyd resin through blending it with a commercially available ketone resin to improve its coating characteristics. The effects of blending on air drying time, hardness, adhesion, gloss, impact strength, chemical resistance and thermal behavior of dried films of blends were investigated and compared to virgin alkyds. It was found that blending results in modifying coating characteristics of palm stearin based alkyd resins, significantly. Best result was observed for weight ratio 70:30 of alkyd and ketone resins.     

光盘回收PC改性ABS树脂研究

用光盘回收的聚碳酸酯（PC）树脂制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）/PC合金,探讨了回收PC含量、增容剂种类对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,ABS/PC合金的拉伸强度随回收PC含量的增加而逐渐增大,冲击强度则呈先增长后下降的趋势,在回收PC含量为10 %（质量分数,下同）时达到最大值;增容剂甲基丙烯酸甲脂-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（MBS）比甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-GMA）更能改善ABS和PC的相容性,显著提高合金冲击强度,当回收PC含量为5 %时,用MBS增容的ABS/PC合金的冲击强度比纯ABS提高了42.8 %。     

机织/针织混合铺层对复合材料力学性能的影响

为使纺织复合材料同时具有机织结构复合材料和针织结构复合材料的综合力学性能,通过混合铺层方式制备机织/针织混合结构复合材料。以芳纶机织平纹织物和针织罗纹织物为增强体,以环氧树脂为基体,调整复合材料中增强体的铺层顺序,利用真空辅助成型技术制备四层层压机织/针织混合结构复合材料。通过对复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能的测试,分析混合铺层和铺层顺序对芳纶环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,混合铺层和铺层顺序对芳纶环氧树脂复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度有较大影响,特别是对罗纹结构复合材料纬向弯曲强度和冲击强度的改善。当采用相同铺层方式,罗纹织物为受力面时,机织/针织混合结构复合材料具有较大弯曲强度和冲击强度。     

Mechanical properties of recycled kenaf/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM) hybrid composite

Environmental concerns have attracted researchers to study the recycling of composite materials and thermoplastics due to the desire not to waste materials and reduce disposal of scraps that may eventually pollute the environment. The main objective of this article is to study the effect of recycling on the mechanical properties of kenaf fiber/PET reinforced POM hybrid composite. The virgin hybrid composite was produced by compression molding and later subjected to mechanical testing. The scraps obtained after the mechanical testing were shredded, granulated and subjected to compression molding to produce samples for mechanical testing. Tensile strength of 27 MPa was obtained and (after second recycling process) which is lower compared to 73.8 MPa obtained for the virgin hybrid composite. There was a significant increase in flexural modulus (4.7 GPa) compared to the virgin hybrid composite. The impact strength dropped to 4.3 J cm^?1 as against 10.5 J cm^?1 for the virgin hybrid composite. The results of thermal degradation showed about 80% weight loss for kenaf fiber between 300 and 350°C. The weight loss may be due to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose content of the fiber. The percentage water absorption of the recycled composite dropped by about 80% compared to the virgin hybrid composite. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39831.     

PTT/ABS合金的相形态及力学性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)合金,研究了合金组成及增容剂环氧树脂(EP)和苯乙烯-丁二烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SBM)对合金相形态及力学性能的影响.结果表明,未加增容剂的PTT/ABS合金相畴粗大,相界面清晰,合金的拉伸强度、弯曲强度随ABS含量的增加而逐渐降低,...     

Compatibility of HDPE/postconsumer HDPE blends using compatibilizing agents

Mechanical properties, molecular weight, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterization of blends of virgin high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with two types of recycled material were investigated. The recycled came from urban plastic waste; one kind was only washed and grounded and the other was extruded and pelletized to remove most of contaminant particles. Starting with the 30/70 virgin/grounded recycled and 50/50 virgin/pelletized recycled blends the recycled content was increased in both blends and compatibilizing agents were used to increase the blend performance. A mixture of phenolic antioxidants and phosphite costabilizers under the name of Recycloblend?, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were used as compatibilizers. The effect of these additives and the recycled content on the performance of extrusion blow‐molded bottles was determined. The results suggest that blends of virgin/grounded recycled and virgin/pelletized recycled HDPE, in general, were not significantly different among each other and both had a quite similar behavior than the virgin HDPE when compatibilizing agents were used. The addition of compatibilizing agents yielded a material with properties similar to those for the virgin HDPE, helping to reduce the effect of polymers degradation on the rheological and mechanical behavior, with Recycloblend and LLDPE being the most effective for the blends with grounded recycled material, and LLDPE y EVA, for the blends with pelletized recycled. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3696–3706, 2006