动态保压注塑成型下少量PE-HMW对PE-HD结晶形态的影响

采用自制动态保压注塑成型设备,研究了少量高相对分子质量聚乙烯（PE-HMW）对高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)剪切诱导结晶的影响。在PE-HD中添加PE-HMW后再通过动态保压注射成型,可获双向自增强的制品,其中纵向与横向的拉伸强度由普通成型制品的28 MPa分别提高到76 MPa和32 MPa,纵向冲击强度从普通成型制品的2.0×105 kJ/m2提高到8.7×105 kJ/m2。用扫描电镜观察该制品发现,在PE-HD / PE-HMW的剪切层中有大量互锁的串晶生成,从而能够实现单向剪切应力场下制品的双向自增强;用差示扫描量热仪进一步表征得知,其串晶中央的脊纤维晶较长,而折叠链片晶也得到了增厚,故具有较高熔点。     

动态填充注塑成型PP/nano-SiO2复合材料的力学性能与形貌分析

采用动态填充注塑成型(DFIM)制备了聚丙烯/二氧化硅(PP/nano-SiO2)复合材料。结果表明:与传统的注塑成型技术相比,采用DFIM法制备的PP/nano-SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度比纯PP材料和常规注射制备的复合材料有了较大提高;nano-SiO2通过DPIM技术可以更好地分散在PP基质中,形成的团聚较少。DFIM法制备的PP/nano-SiO2复合材料力学性能的提高,主要归因于nano-SiO2颗粒的均匀分布,使球晶的数量急剧增加,球晶的尺寸明显减小,小晶体有助于形成材料裂纹,从而进一步提高材料的力学性能。     

动态保压注射成型HDPE/Nano-OMMT复合材料的结构与性能

聚合物/黏土纳米复合材料是近几年聚合物材料改性的热点。为了进一步理解复合材料性能与结构的关系,利用自行研制的动态保压装置,借助WAXD、DSC、SEM等测试方法,研究了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/纳米有机蒙脱土(nano-OMMT)复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明,动态保压使OMMT纳米粒子在基体中的分散性提高,并形成插层结构。与此同时,动态剪切力场使HDPE/nano-OMMT复合材料的HDPE基体结构形态亦发生变化,试样中生成串晶结构,相比常规注塑试样,动态保压试样结晶度最大提高15%,结晶形态的变化和结晶度的提高均有利于HDPE/nano-OMMT复合材料强度的提高。力学性能试验显示,拉伸强度和冲击强度同时得到提高,HDPE/nano-OMMT复合试样的拉伸强度最大提高了119%,冲击强度最大提高430%。     

含少量高分子量组分的HDPE共混物在复合应力场中成型管材的性能研究

将少量相对高分子量的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)加入到相对低分子量的通用级HDPE中,在复合应力场作用下挤出制成管材。通过力学性能测试、SEM、WAXD及DSC分析对制品的性能及结构进行了表征,结果表明:在剪切或拉伸应力场中,高分子量HDPE的大分子链会成为初级晶核,促进诱导体系生成大量倾斜排列的串晶和串晶互锁结构,明显改善了管材试样周轴两向的力学性能。     

振动注射对PP/HDPE共混物性能及晶型的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物,研究了成型温度、振动频率、振动压力对共混物力学性能、结晶形态的影响。结果表明:高温下低频率振动,共混物的力学性能随振动压力的提高呈明显的上升趋势;WAXD测试结果表明:在一定振动条件下,共混物会有少量的次稳定晶型γ晶的生成。     

Morphologies and mechanical properties of HDPE induced by small amount of high‐molecular‐weight polyolefin and shear stress produced by dynamic packing injection molding

To better understand the effect of a small amount of high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (HMWPE) on the mechanical properties and crystal morphology under the shear stress field, the dynamic packing injection molding (DPIM) was used to prepare the oriented pure polyethylene and its blends with 4% HMWPE. The experiment substantiated that the further improvement of tensile strength along the flow direction (MD) of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/HMWPE samples was achieved, whereas the tensile strength along the transverse direction (TD) still substantially exceeded that of conventional molding. Tensile strength in both flow and TDs were highly enhanced, with improvements from 23 to 76 MPa in MD and from 23 to 31 MPa in TD, besides the toughness was highly improved. So, the samples of HDPE/HMWPE transformed from high strength and brittleness to high strength and toughness. The obtained samples were characterized via SEM and TEM. For HDPE/HMWPE, the lamellae of the one shish‐kebab in the oriented region may be stretched into other shish‐kebab structures, and one lamella enjoys two shish or even more. This unique crystal morphology could lead to no yielding and necking phenomena in the stress–strain curves of HDPE/HMWPE samples by DPIM. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

高密度聚乙烯振动注射试样的结构与性能

为了研究高密度聚乙烯振动注射试样的晶体结构与性能．研制并采用压力振动装置进行振动注射实验一通过振动，高密度聚乙烯由常规注射试样的典型球晶结构转变为明显取向的片晶结构，在不同的振动条件下，片晶的尺寸和取向度都不同。振动试样的拉伸强度随振动频率和振动压力的提高而提高，最大增幅为41.0％。断裂伸长率随振动压力的增高而下降，随振动频率的增高开始时下降，然后开始回升。     

动态保压注射成型技术对PA6/EPDM-g-MA 共混物相形态与力学性能的影响

采用动态保压注塑成型技术来控制分散相相形态和橡胶粒子在基体中的取向排列.纯尼龙,动态样与静态样具有相同的冲击强度.在加入橡胶后,动态样与静态样的冲击强度变化趋势基本一致,在橡胶含量为20%t时,体系完成脆韧转变冲击强度达到最大,在橡胶含量为30%和40%时冲击强度又下降.但与静态样相比,当橡胶含量为10%t时,动态样与静态样的冲击强度一致,而当橡胶含量超过10%时,动态样的冲击强度较静态样高.结合平行于熔体流动方向的SEM照片,在橡胶含量为10%时,动态样中的橡胶粒子与静态样一样并未被拉长与取向,而在橡胶含量超过10%时,动态样剪切层中的橡胶粒子被拉长且沿熔体流动方向取向.实验表明,在改善共混物界面相容性的基础上,适当的低剪切应力场能进一步提高橡胶分散相对冲击强度的贡献.     

尼龙6在振动注塑中的力学性能和结晶形态

采用自行研制的压力振动注塑装置，在不同振动频率、振动压力下得到尼龙6注塑试样。结果表明，振动试样拉伸性能比静态试样有所提高，随振动频率或振动压力的提高，试样的拉伸强度发生变化。运用DSC（差示扫描量热分析）和SEM（扫描电镜）对试样结构进行了表征，测试结果表明，振动作用能使球晶数量增加，完善结晶，提高结晶度。     

Mechanical Property, Thermal Property and Crystal Structure of Isotactic Polypropylene Samples Prepared by Vibration Injection Molding

Summary A self-designed pressure vibration injection device was used to study the effect of vibration frequency and vibration pressure on tensile strength and impact strength of iPP F401 vibration injection molding samples. Furthermore, vicat softening temperature, WAXD measurements and polarized microscopic observation were conducted. According to the results, tensile strength and impact strength increase with increasing vibration frequency and vibration pressure. The maximum increment of tensile strength is 26.1%. Under certain process conditions, there is a transition of the impact strength, whose maximum increment is 85%. The vicat softening temperatures have a significant increase of 6∼8 °C for the samples obtained at high vibration frequencies compared with that of static samples. According to pole figures, α-PP of vibration samples orientates much stronger than that of static samples. PM micrograghs show that vibration changes the crystal structure of samples and enhances their orientation.