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1.
In response to today's highly competitive global marketplace, many companies are utilizing product families - groups of related products derived from a product platform - to maintain economies of scale while satisfying a variety of customer requirements. This paper focuses on scale-based product families and presents a new single-stage approach for simultaneously optimizing a product platform and the resulting family of products based on one or more scaling variables - variables that are used to instantiate the product platform by "stretching" or "shrinking" it in one or more dimensions to satisfy a variety of customer requirements. The proposed approach is also unique in that it employs the Physical Programming method, enabling designers to formulate the product family optimization problem in terms of physically meaningful terms and parameters. The design of a family of ten universal electric motors is used as an example to benchmark the effectiveness of the proposed approach against previous results. While the emphasis in this paper is on the design method rather than the results per se , performance gains are achieved in the motor family by using the proposed single-stage approach and Physical Programming.  相似文献   

2.
Product family design and platform-based product development have garnered much attention. They have been used to provide nearly customised products to satisfy individual customer requirements and simultaneously achieve economies of scale during production. The inherent challenge in product family design is to balance the trade-off between product commonality (how well the components and functions can be shared across a product family) and variety (the range of different products in a product family). Quantifying this trade-off at the product family planning stage in a way that supports the engineering design process has yet to be accomplished. In this paper, we introduce a graphical evaluation method, the product family evaluation graph (PFEG), that allows designers to choose the ‘best’ product family design option among sets of alternatives based on their performance with respect to an ideal commonality/variety trade-off determined by a company's particular competitive focus, and guides designers towards a more desirable trade-off between commonality and variety in an existing product family. Two necessary supporting pieces for developing the PFEG are also proposed. One piece is the development of commonality and variety indices to quantitatively capture the degree of commonality and variety in a product family and its functions and components. We introduce two sets of commonality and variety indices–the CDI (commonality versus diversity index) for commonality (CDIC) and variety (CDIV), and the CMC (comprehensive metric for commonality) for commonality (CMCC) and variety (CMCV)–to achieve this. The other supporting piece is the development of a quantitative representation of the ideal trade-off between commonality and variety in a product family, known as the commonality/variety trade-off angle α, based on the elements that characterise a company's competitive focus and their industry-wide competitors. A linear regression model is used to link the qualitative competitive focus to a quantitative engineering perspective, and then to estimate the ideal trade-off angle. The commonality/variety trade-off angle can then be applied to the PFEG to help designers evaluate a product family or compare product family design alternatives. Most importantly, the PFEG is not just the graph of the two sets of indices; it is the representation of the commonality/variety trade-off relative to the desired competitive focus. Four families of power tools are used to illustrate how the computation of such indices supports product family design evaluation in the PFEG. In this paper, we only use the CDI in the example application, but the CMC can be computed using the same approach.  相似文献   

3.
A product platform is a set of common components, modules or parts from which a stream of derivative products can be created. Product platform design is typically performed as redesign and consolidation of existing products to create more competitive product families by reducing part variety and standardizing components. The main disadvantage of such an approach is that the benefits of product platform design are achieved only after a number of parts have been designed and manufactured, with all the associated expenditure. A number of approaches, referred to as “top-down approaches”, have been proposed recently to design the platforms since the original design of the product families. However, current top-own approaches have two major limitations: (1) they do not enable multiple levels of commonality for different components and features, and (2) they have been applied to products that are variegated in one specification, whereas products are typically variegated in multiple specifications. This paper describes a rigorous top-down approach for synthesizing product platforms that facilitates the realization of a stream of customized product variants, and which accommodates naturally multiple levels of commonality and multiple customizable specifications. The proposed approach is based on the formulation of the platform design as a problem of access in a geometric space. The proposed approach is illustrated with a case example, namely, the design of a product platform for a line of customizable pressure vessels.  相似文献   

4.
A Method for Architecting Product Platforms   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
Consider a group of products sharing common parts and assemblies. The products in question we call a product family, and the common elements, the platform. In this paper, we present a method for designing product platforms and the derived family that takes into consideration both the technical performance requirements as well as the cost of the product family. The design of a platform-based product family is formulated as a general optimization problem in which the advantages of designing a common platform must be balanced against the constraints of the individual product variants and constraints of the family as a whole. This optimization approach forms the basis for a practical implementation as an interactive, team-based negotiation model for designing a family of interplanetary spacecraft based on a common platform. The approach is used to consider and specify different subsystems that could be made common to all the missions. It is also used to evaluate the impact of those platform design decisions on the performance of the product family, and thus be able to select from among feasible platform designs.  相似文献   

5.
Redesigning a product family entails carefully balancing the trade-offs between commonality and differentiation that are governed by the underlying platform architecture. Numerous metrics for commonality and variety exist to support product family and product platform design; however, rarely are they used in concert to help redesign platforms and families of products effectively. In this paper, we introduce an integrated approach that uses multiple product family metrics to establish an effective platform redesign strategy. Specifically, we present a detailed procedure to integrate the generational variety index, product line commonality index, and design structure matrix to prioritize components for redesign based on variety and commonality needs in a family of products. While all three of these tools exist in the literature and have been used extensively to support product family design, the novelty in our work lies in their integration to establish a redesign strategy for platform architectures that achieves a better balance between the commonality and variety within a product family. To demonstrate the proposed approach, case studies involving two generations of wireless computer mice and two families of dishwashers are presented. Ongoing and future work is also discussed.  相似文献   

6.
Many companies design families of products based on product platforms that enable economies of scale and scope while satisfying a variety of market applications. Product family design is a difficult and challenging task, and a variety of methods and tools have been created to support this platform-based product development. Unfortunately, many of these methods and tools have been developed—and consequently exist—in isolation from one other. In this paper, we introduce an approach to integrate several of these disparate tools into a framework to translate user needs and requirements into commonality specifications during product family design. The novelty of the approach lies in how we integrate the market segmentation grid, Generational Variety Index (GVI), Design Structure Matrix (DSM), commonality indices, mathematical modeling and optimization, and multi-dimensional data visualization tools to identify what to make common, what to make unique, and what parameter settings are best for each component and/or subsystem in the product family. The design of a family of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) demonstrates the proposed approach and highlights its benefits and limitations.  相似文献   

7.
Assessing and improving commonality and diversity within a product family   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
At a time when product differentiation is a major indicator of success in the global market, each company is looking to offer competitive and highly differentiated products. This differentiation issue is restricted by the design of platform-based products that share modules and/or components. It is not easy to differentiate products in a market that is often overwhelmed by numerous options. A platform-based approach can be risky because competition in the global market can become an internal competition among similar products within the family if there is not enough differentiation in the family. Thus, the goal for the product platform is to share elements for common functions and to differentiate each product in the family by satisfying different targeted needs. To assess commonality in the family, numerous indices have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, existing indices focus on commonality and reflect an increase in value when commonality increases but do not positively reflect an increase in the value as a result of diversity; hence, the commonality versus diversity index (CDI) is introduced in this paper to assess the commonality and diversity within a family of products or across families. The CDI has variable levels of depth analysis to help designers design or improve the product family. Two case studies using single-use cameras and power tool families highlight the usefulness of this new index.  相似文献   

8.
With a highly fragmented market and increased competition, platform-based product family design is recognised as an effective method for constructing a product line that satisfies diverse customer demand while keeping design and production cost- and time-effective. Recognising the need for modularity and commonality in platform development, this paper presents a systematic framework to assist in implementing top-down platform and product family design, which aims to achieve system-level modularity for variety generation, and rationalise the commonality configuration for module instantiation. In the first phase of platform development, a robust and flexible product family architecture is constructed to accommodate variations by analysing the external varieties of the generic product architecture, and provide a modularity design space, wherein the design tasks are further decomposed into module instantiation. The second phase of detailed platform development aims to enhance commonality in terms of engineering efficiency by coordinating with the back-end product realisation stage. A tractable optimisation method is used to capture and resolve the trade-off between commonality configuration and individual product performance. A family of power tool designs is used to demonstrate the potential and feasibility of the proposed framework at the system level and detailed design stages.  相似文献   

9.
Product platforms have been effectively used by many successful companies for product family design. Technological advancements and changes in customer needs pose problems for robustly designing product platforms over a given planning horizon. To date, most product platform formation approaches are directed by structural (subassemblies and components) considerations and are seldom undertaken at the conceptual design stage. We argue that product platform design should commence at the conceptual design stage rather than the detailed design stage. It is noteworthy that physical structures are the end results of designs already frozen at higher level of functional abstraction. Hence, tackling the platform formation problem should start much before structures are materialized. We propose that the product platform formation approach should be considered at two different stages: (i) conceptual design stage; and (ii) detailed design stage. In reference to the Function?–?Behavior?–?Structure model proposed by Gero and Kannengiesser (Gero, J.S. and Kannengiesser, U., Function-behavior-structure: A model for social situated agents. Workshop on Cognitive Modeling of Agents and Multi-Agent Interactions, International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2003, Acapulco, Mexico, 2003, pp. 101–107), conceptual design would refer to the design of products at function and technology stage, whereas detailed design would refer to the design of products at the structure stage. This paper discusses a method to form product platforms at the Function-Technology stage which can be correspondingly mapped to the structural stages. Thus, forming product platforms at a higher level of abstraction would enable a better understanding of the complications met at structural level. The FT approach uses Function Technology Ant Colony Optimization (FTACO) method to determine product platform configuration(s). We demonstrate the proposed approach using the example of a computer mouse product family.  相似文献   

10.
The variability of products affects customers’ satisfaction by increasing flexibility in decision-making for choosing a product based on their preferences in competitive market environments. In product family design, decision-making for determining a platform design strategy or the degree of commonality in a platform can be considered as a multidisciplinary optimization problem with respect to design variables, production cost, company’s revenue, and customers’ satisfaction. In this paper, we investigate evolutionary algorithms and module-based design approaches to identify an optimal platform strategy in a product family. The objective of this paper is to apply a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) approach to determine design variables for the best platform design strategy based on commonality and design variation within the product family. We describe modifications to apply the proposed MOPSO to the multi-objective problem of product family design and allow designers to evaluate varying levels of platform strategies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we use a case study involving a family of General Aviation Aircraft. We show that the proposed optimization algorithm can provide a proper solution in product family design process through experiments. The limitations of the approach and future work are also discussed.  相似文献   

11.
Product family design offers a cost-effective solution for providing a variety of products to meet the needs of diverse markets. At the beginning of product family design, designers must decide what can be shared among the product variants in a family. Optimal design formulations have been developed by researchers to find one optimal component sharing solution based on commonality, cost or technical performance of a product family. However, these optimization methods may not be able to apply in consumer product design because some metrics (e.g., visual appeal and ergonomics) of a consumer product cannot be formulized. In this paper, we suggest a tradeoff between commonality and the quality of the modular architecture in product family platform selection. We introduce a method for designers to identify multiple component sharing options that lie along a Pareto front of maximum commonality and strategic modularity. The component sharing options along the Pareto front can be evaluated, compared, and further modified. We demonstrate the method using a case study of product family platform selection of high-end and low-end impact drivers and electric drills. In the case study, the quality of the modular architecture is evaluated using a design structure matrix (DSM) for each of product variants. Three architectures along the Pareto front with maximum commonality, optimal modularity, and a balanced solution of the two metrics are highlighted and further examined to validate the effectiveness of our method.  相似文献   

12.
Unlike conventional approaches where optimization is performed on a unique component of a specific product, optimum design of a set of components for employing in a product family can cause significant reduction in costs. Increasing commonality and performance of the product platform simultaneously is a multi-objective optimization problem (MOP). Several optimization methods are reported to solve these MOPs. However, what is less discussed is how to find the trade-off points among the obtained non-dominated optimum points. This article investigates the optimal design of a product family using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and proposes the employment of technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to find the trade-off points among the obtained non-dominated results while compromising all objective functions together. A case study for a family of suspension systems is presented, considering performance and commonality. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method to obtain the trade-off points with the best possible performance while maximizing the common parts.  相似文献   

13.
An effectively designed product platform is vital to the final product family derived from it. A product platform design consists of platform configuration to decide which variables to make common across the product family and to determining the optimal values for platform and scaling variables for all product variants. Many existing product family design methods assume a given platform configuration, i.e. the platform variables are specified a priori by designers. However, selecting the right combination of common and scaling variables is not trivial. Most approaches are single-platform methods, in which design variables are either shared across all product variants or not at all. While in multiple-platform design, platform variables can have special value with regard to a subset of product variants within the product family, offering opportunities for superior overall design. This paper proposes a quantitative method for scale-based multiple-platform design using clustering analysis and Shannon's Entropy theory. Optimization methods are used to design the product family by holding the values of platform variables constant and to find the best values of the scaling variables. An information theoretical approach is used to help select platform variables based on the clustering analysis of individually designed products. Validity analysis is performed to determine the optimal settings for platform variables. Local clustering is further performed on each platform variable, to establish subsets of variants such that variants within a subset are more similar to each other than they are to variants in other subsets and a common value is used to represent the various values of variants in each subset. A case study is used to illustrate the process of the proposed method, and the design solutions are compared with that found by other methods given in previous literature. The comparison results verified that the multiple-platform design can lead to superior solutions of product family.  相似文献   

14.
Product family design is cost-efficient for achieving the best trade-off between commonalization and diversification. However, for computationally intensive design functions which are viewed as black boxes, the family design would be challenging. A two-stage platform configuration method with generalized commonality is proposed for a scale-based family with unknown platform configuration. Unconventional sensitivity analysis and information on variation in the individual variants’ optimal design are used for platform configuration design. Metamodelling is employed to provide the sensitivity and variable correlation information, leading to significant savings in function calls. A family of universal electric motors is designed for product performance and the efficiency of this method is studied. The impact of the employed parameters is also analysed. Then, the proposed method is modified for obtaining higher commonality. The proposed method is shown to yield design solutions with better objective function values, allowable performance loss and higher commonality than the previously developed methods in the literature.  相似文献   

15.
The main task of a product family designer is to decide the right components/design variables to share among products to maintain economies of scale with minimum sacrifice in the performance of each product in the family. The decisions are usually based on several criteria, but production cost is of primary concern. Estimating the production cost of a family of products involves both estimating the production cost of each product in the family and the costs incurred by common and variant components/design variables in the family. To estimate these costs consistently and accurately, we propose a production cost estimation framework to support product family design based on activity-based costing (ABC), which consists of three stages: (1) allocation, (2) estimation, and (3) analysis. In the allocation stage, the production activities and resources needed to produce the entire products in a family are identified and classified with an activity table, a resource table, and a production flow. To help allocate product data for production, a product family structure is represented by a hierarchical classification of products that form the product family. In the estimation stage, production costs are estimated with cost estimation methods selected based on the type of information available. In the analysis stage, components/design variables possible for product family design are investigated with resource sharing methods through activity analysis. As an example, the proposed framework is applied to estimate the production cost of a family of cordless power screwdrivers that share different components within the family.  相似文献   

16.
Analyzing module commonality for platform design using dendrograms   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
The key to defining a good platform is to identify the common modules that will be shared among products. We develop a quantitative algorithm to identify common sets of elements within a product, as well as, across products. We show a quantitative way of measuring module commonality. We specify commonality based on a Euclidean distance that compares different modules’ inputs and outputs. We cluster modules based on their measured commonality and use dendrograms as a tool to identify groups of similar modules in a product family at the architectural phase of product design. We present the results of the application of our method on a hypothetical example and a real case study.  相似文献   

17.
 在分析已有产品平台特点的基础上,将模块化和参数化产品平台统一表示为基于“设计参数”的产品平台,提出了面向可适应性的产品平台设计参数规划方法.引入可适应设计理念,分析了产品平台结构及变型方式;以公理设计理论为指导,进行产品功能要求 设计参数的映射,建立公理设计矩阵;分析各设计参数之间及其与功能要求之间的敏感性,构建设计关联矩阵并对其进行关联度分析;然后通过变型产品关于设计参数的差异度计算,合理识别平台参数和变型参数,确定设计参数在产品平台中的共享策略.通过桥式起重机产品族的柔性配置实例,证明了该方法的可行性和实用性.  相似文献   

18.
 为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业要实现大规模定制(mass customization,MC).基于公共产品平台的产品族设计是实现大规模定制的一种有效方式,而平台规划是面向产品族设计方法学的核心内容,也是目前研究中的一个热点问题.基于模型参数的平台设计是其方法之一.针对基于一系列标准可变参数的产品平台,用优化方法对产品平台参数进行规划,以满足各种客户需求.该规划方法无需事先人为指定,而是在满足客户需求的前提下,尽可能提高产品族中设计变量的共性,从而确定最好的产品平台的公共参数及其最优值,以及个性参数及其变化值,并以带式输送机为例验证了该方法.  相似文献   

19.
Relating product definition and product variety   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
  相似文献   

20.
Developing a robust, product platform architecture brings an important competitive advantage to a company. The major benefits are reduced design effort and time-to-market for future generations of the product. This paper describes a step-by-step method that aids companies in developing such product platform architectures. Using the concept of specification "flows" within a product development project, the design for variety (DFV) method develops two indices to measure a product's architecture. The first index is the generational variety index (GVI), a measure for the amount of redesign effort required for future designs of the product. The second index is the coupling index (CI), a measure of the coupling among the product components. The design team uses these two indices to develop a decoupled architecture that requires less design effort for follow-on products. This paper describes the DFV method and uses a water cooler example to illustrate the method. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

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