微乳液-共沉淀-煅烧法制备不同形貌的钛酸钡纳米粒子（英文）

以Ti（OC4H9）4,H2C2O4·2H2O和BaCl2·2H2O为原料,在水溶液/辛基酚聚氧乙烯（9）醚/正己醇/环己烷反相微乳液体系中制得了前驱体BaTiO（C2O4）2·4H2O。在700℃煅烧前驱体BaTiO（C2O4）2·4H2O4h分别制得直径约为40～80nm的BaTiO3球形纳米粒子和长约180～300nm、直径为50～80nm的BaTiO3纳米棒。用X射线衍射、透射电镜、选区电子衍射、Fourier红外光谱分析和热重分析表征了所制备的BaTiO3纳米粒子的结构和性能。结果表明：所制备的BaTiO3纳米粒子大小均匀,属立方相,具有单晶结构。改变水与表面活性剂的摩尔比能控制BaTiO3纳米粒子的大小和形貌。     

水热法制备钛酸铋粉体的研究

以TiCl4乙醇溶液和Bi（NO3）3·5H2O为原料．NaOH为矿化剂，其摩尔配比的关系为TiCl：Bi（NO3）3·5H2O：NaOH=0．1：0．75：1．5．用水热法合成钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋粉体。讨论了水热合成条件（前驱物和粉体处理、晶化时间、填充率）对钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响。XRD、SEM分析表明，在240℃，晶化时间16h，填充比为60％的条件下，可制备平均晶粒粒径为9～12nm，团聚较轻，颗粒边界明显．球形的钛酸铋粉体。     

液相沉淀法制备ZrO2/Al2O3纳米复合粉体

以NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O,Y(NO)3为原材料,用NH4HCO3作沉淀剂,控制滴定速度小于5 mL/min,采用液相沉淀法制备了超细3Y-ZrO2/Al2O3前驱体.前驱体为分散的碱式碳酸盐,在1 200℃煅烧得到了分散性良好,平均粒径为20 nm的t-ZrO2和α-Al2O3两相分布均匀的纳米复合粉体.X射线衍射分析显示前驱体在煅烧过程中无中间相γ-Al2O3,θ-Al2O3生成.所制备的粉体具有高的烧结活性.在1 450℃烧结后烧结体相对致密度可达97.4%.     

常温固相反应合成纳米氧化锌

以ZnSO4·7H2 O和Na2 CO3 为原料 ,用室温固相化学反应首先合成出粒径为 12 7nm的前驱体碳酸锌 ,然后在 2 0 0℃热分解 ,经纯化后得到纳米氧化锌。经XRD和TEM检测 ,粒径为 6 0～12 .7nm。     

喷雾干燥法制备ZrO_2(3Y)微球

以ZrOCl2.8H2O,Y2O3为原料,NH3.H2O为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,采用共沉淀-喷雾干燥法制备出ZrO2(3Y)微球,并应用XRD和SEM等分析方法对所得粉体进行了表征,研究了雾化方式对粒径的影响。结果表明:粉体球化较明显,颗粒为球形,平均粒径在15μm左右,球体为纳米颗粒团聚而成,纳米颗粒粒径在20nm左右。     

沉淀法制备纳米ZnO及光催化甲基橙脱色研究

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为锌源,(NH4)2CO3和NH3·H2O混合碱为沉淀剂,通过并流沉淀法制备出纳米ZnO粉体,采用XRD和SEM对其进行了表征。以甲基橙为脱色对象,紫外灯(最大吸收波长254nm)为光源,研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度、pH值及外加氧化剂(H2O2)对光催化性能的影响。     

二氧化锡纳米粉体的制备及表征

本文以廉价的SnCl4·5H2O为母盐,分别以NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,采用溶胶—凝胶法和以CO(NH2)2为沉淀剂,利用微波水热法制备SnO2纳米粉体。利用X-射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),透射电镜(TEM)技术对产物进行表征。结果表明：溶胶—凝胶法制备的SnO2粉体颗粒约为80nm但颗粒大小分...     

共沉淀法合成小粒径单分散Fe3O4纳米颗粒

研究以FeSO4·7H2O和FeCl3·6H2O为原料,NH3·H2O作为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备纳米Fe3O4颗粒,利用IR（红外光谱）、XRD（X射线衍射）等表征手段对割得的纳米颗粒进行了表征。结果表明：制备的纳米Fe3O4粒子粒径较细,且粒径分布较窄。据此找出制备纳米Fe3O4粒子的最佳实验条件为：铁盐溶液浓度为0．5mol／L,沉淀剂溶液浓度为0．2mol／L,Fe^2＋：Fe^3＋：OH^-=1．00：1．00：6．00,反应温度为30℃。制备纳米Fe3O4粒子粒径在10-20mm,且分散性较好;通过XRD谱图可以得出产物为具有立方晶系的纳米Fe3O4粒子。     

微波高压合成纳米氧化镧及表征

以La（NO3）3、CO（NH3）2、NH4HCO3为原料,在加入聚乙二醇条件下,采用微波高压合成了纳米氧化镧粉体。通过TG-DAT、XRD等手段对前驱体La2（CO3）3及纳米La2O3进行了表征。结果表明,以尿素为沉淀剂所制得的纳米氧化镧效果更好。     

纳米氧化锡粉体的制备及其表征

以廉价的无机盐SnCl4·5H2O为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出粒度均匀的超细SnO2粉体,考察了制备工艺对纳米SnO2粉体大小及分散状态的影响,并用BET、XRD、TEM等技术对SnO2纳米粒子进行了表征.实验结果表明:采用NH3·H2O作为沉淀剂,控制反应终点pH为2.5,500℃焙烧3h,可制备颗粒尺寸约10nm的SnO2超细粉体.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。