宋代南丰白舍窑青白瓷初步科技分析

利用能量色散型X射线荧光光谱分析技术、热膨胀法、吸水率检测等测试方法测试了宋代南丰白舍窑出土青白瓷瓷片的胎釉化学组成、烧成温度以及吸水率,并将其与同时期景德镇窑青白瓷对比分析。研究表明,白舍窑宋代青白瓷与当时景德镇窑青白瓷胎釉组成模式以及制瓷工艺上有一定差别。     

景德镇青白瓷的兴起与审美特征研究

宋代青白瓷，以景德镇所产为代表。本文从青白瓷的名称和来历入手，简要概述了唐及唐以前景德镇的制瓷情况。通过对五代、宋两个时期景德镇瓷器的器物形制、呈色及其装饰风格、胎、釉原料的科技测试结果和装烧工艺等方面的考察，结合出土文物的考证，考察与探讨了宋代景德镇青白瓷是五代白瓷合乎历史逻辑的产物，也是其自身发展演变的结果。     

景德镇窑影青釉注子注碗

宋代白瓷出现南北不同的两个瓷系，北方白瓷以釉中泛黄的定窑为代表。而南方则以景德镇首创的白中泛青，青中见白的青白瓷为代表，在釉色上体现了宋代白瓷的不同地方特色。     

论宋代景德镇青白瓷的历史分期及其特征

中国是瓷之母国,青白瓷是瓷之母国的一朵奇葩,青白瓷是宋代六大瓷系之一,以景德镇窑为代表,其釉色介于青白之间,青中闪白,白中显青,故名。宋代是青白瓷的辉煌时期。考古发掘资料表明,目前已在国内十多个省,近150个县和国外20多个国家或地区出土了宋代青白瓷。景德镇从宋代生产青白瓷以后便声名鹤起,为天下所注目。宋真宗将青白瓷定为贡品,并以其“景德”年号（公元1004-～1007年）命名此地,使天下皆知有“景德镇”。因此可以说,青白瓷是景德镇成为世界瓷都的起点,在中国乃至世界制瓷史上具有重要意义。     

宋代青白瓷系及其烧造探讨

宋代景德镇是青白瓷的代表,生产青白瓷的景德镇窑已被大家所熟知。但在其它地区还有诸如吉州窑、龙泉窑、德化窑等也生产青白瓷。本文选取宋代这些青白瓷窑为研究对象,通过相应的出土实物详细阐述了各窑的青白瓷的烧造特点,并与景德镇青白瓷对应比较。     

创意与发展

创意就是创新的理念.但凡创意就是在优秀传统基础上的突破.陶瓷的发展史基本上都凸现出创意衍革的轨迹.唐宋时期,在“南青北白”瓷系的大格局下，景德镇创烧出介于青瓷与白瓷之间的影青瓷；在宋元时期，又创制出“二元配方”的硬质瓷，在珐琅彩盛行之时，     

浅析宋代景德镇青白瓷的工艺特点

<正>青白瓷,是我国宋元时期以江西景德镇为代表所创烧的一种瓷器,是传统制瓷工艺中的珍品之一,也是景德镇灿烂制瓷传统文化精华中的一朵奇葩。其胎质坚致、釉面明彻丽洁、釉色青白淡雅,整体温润如玉,是具有独特风格和鲜明时代特征的瓷种。因其釉色介于青白二者之间,故古人称其为青白瓷,同时由于其釉色青中泛白、白中透青的特征,也常被风韵文雅之士称之为"影青"、"隐青"、"映青"、或"罩青"。青白瓷由于具有"素肌玉骨之象",深受当时民众与达官     

湖田窑元代青白瓷与黑瓷对比探微

将使用传统鉴定方式对景德镇湖田窑采集的青白瓷片与黑瓷片进行初步断代及比对;再利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及其附带的电子能谱等手段对青白瓷与黑瓷样品的显微结构和化学组成进行分析及对比;并结合其他窑口的青白瓷与黑瓷数据,对样品的胎釉配方来源进行探讨;另将现代制胎原料"不子"的成分与所采集的湖田窑青白瓷胎成分加以对比。认为此次采集湖田窑青白瓷与黑瓷虽属同时同地生产,但其釉料配方来源迥异,与其他窑口存在交流的可能;而二者在胎土选择方面呈现的差异,表明在元代有着不同的市场定位。     

宋代景德镇青白瓷的兴起与意义探析

宋代景德镇成功创烧青白瓷并成为宋代影响最大的窑系之一,青白瓷的兴起与景德镇的得名互为因果,青白瓷的兴起奠定了景德镇成为"瓷都"的基础,为景德镇发展成为"瓷都"具有非常重要的意义。     

论宋代景德镇窑

所谓白瓷是指在白色瓷胎上施一层透明釉的制品，如定窑白瓷、德化白瓷等都是典型的白瓷。而景德镇白瓷同严格意义上的白瓷则略有不同，其瓷胎的确很白，然而釉面却携有微青色调，而被俗称为“青白瓷”、“影青”等，往往与白瓷加以区别地称呼。在日本的陶瓷学家中也有将景德镇青白瓷和白瓷加以区别的研究者。佐滕雅彦先生就是把青白瓷作为与白瓷有区别的制品考究的，他认为：“江西景德镇窑生产的泛青调釉瓷，是特地为追求泛青色而制成的，所以它本来就与白瓷不同”。另一种观点则是将青白瓷置于白瓷范畴加以考虑，认为景德镇烧制的青白瓷本…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.