番茄皂苷A粗提物对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂和肝脏的影响

目的:研究番茄皂苷A粗提物(CEEA)对高脂诱导动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠血脂和肝脏的影响。方法:采用高脂饲料喂饲和腹腔注射维生素D3建立大鼠AS模型。72只雄性健康SD大鼠随机分为正常组、AS模型组、CEEA低剂量组、CEEA中剂量组、CEEA高剂量组、辛伐他汀组。24周后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠生理生化指标。结果:与AS模型组相比,CEEA给药组能明显降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,明显升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,明显降低动脉硬化指数;明显降低肝脏指数、肝脏总胆固醇、甘油三酯、丙二醛水平,明显升高超氧化物歧化酶水平。结论:CEEA能有效调节AS大鼠血脂代谢,降低脂质在肝脏中积聚,提高肝脏的抗氧化能力,有保护肝脏的作用。     

番茄皂苷A粗提物对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂和肝脏的影响

目的:研究番茄皂苷A粗提物(CEEA)对高脂诱导动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠血脂和肝脏的影响。方法:采用高脂饲料喂饲和腹腔注射维生素D3建立大鼠AS模型。72只雄性健康SD大鼠随机分为正常组、AS模型组、CEEA低剂量组、CEEA中剂量组、CEEA高剂量组、辛伐他汀组。24周后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠生理生化指标。结果:与AS模型组相比,CEEA给药组能明显降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,明显升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,明显降低动脉硬化指数;明显降低肝脏指数、肝脏总胆固醇、甘油三酯、丙二醛水平,明显升高超氧化物歧化酶水平。结论:CEEA能有效调节AS大鼠血脂代谢,降低脂质在肝脏中积聚,提高肝脏的抗氧化能力,有保护肝脏的作用。      

番茄提取物抗糖尿病动脉粥样硬化血小板过度活化的机制研究

血小板过度活化是糖尿病并发动脉粥样硬化（AS）的重要机制之一,膳食营养素干预对早期防治糖尿病合并AS发挥重要作用。经研究指出番茄提取物中的抗血小板因子可在不同环境下抑制血小板聚集和活化,其生物有效成分为核苷及其衍生物和酚类化合物,可延缓糖尿病合并AS的病理进展。本综述旨在探讨番茄提取物的抗血小板作用的机制,为防治糖尿病合并AS提供理论依据。     

番茄乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究两种番茄乙醇提取物在不同处理方式下的抗氧化能力.方法:本研究采用DPPH法对未加热和已加热的大番茄、樱桃番茄的抗氧化能力进行了测定比较,同时采用FRAP法对它们的总的抗氧化能力进行了测定比较.实验结果表明:(1)两种番茄乙醇提取物均具有较强的抗氧化能力;(2)樱桃番茄乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基的清除能力以及总的抗氧化活性明显比大番茄强;(3)热处理使两种番茄乙醇提取物清除DPPH自由基能力和总抗氧化能力均增强.     

番茄水提物对高血脂症大鼠血脂的影响

研究番茄水提物对高血脂症模型大鼠血脂的调节作用。通过喂饲高脂饲料的方法,建立高血脂症模型。高血脂症模型大鼠50只分成5组:番茄水提物高剂量组(1.2g/kg)、中剂量组(0.6g/kg)、低剂量组(0.3g/kg)、阳性对照组(辛伐他汀,4mg/kg)、模型对照组。分组灌胃给药,比较用药前后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。番茄水提物中、高剂量组均能显著降低血清TC、TG和LDL-C,且显著升高HDL-C作用。番茄水提物能有效调节机体脂质代谢,对高血脂症有一定的治疗作用。     

银杏叶提取物对运动大鼠抗氧化效果的影响

以56只老年大鼠为实验对象,随机平均分为2大组,给药组和对照组。建立不同运动强度的老年大鼠跑台运动模型,每大组随机分为4小组,分别处于小强度运动(5 m/min),中强度运动(10 m/min),大强度运动(20 m/min)以及制动状态。探讨银杏叶提取物GBE对不同运动强度老年大鼠抗氧化效果的影响。通过检测脾脏,胸腺中相应MDA(丙二醛)的含量,SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)、GSH-Px(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)等酶活性,分析银杏叶提取物(GBE)对不同强度运动过程中对机体抗氧化效果的影响。结果表明:银杏叶提取物具有较好清除氧自由基的能力,能有效提高机体组织的抗氧化能力;适当的小强度和中强度的运动可有提高机体组织的抗氧化性,而在高强度状态下运动,机体组织的抗氧化性反而会降低。     

黄芪豆豉对气虚血瘀型大鼠血液流变学的影响

研究黄芪豆豉对气虚血瘀型大鼠血液流变学和其相关因子的影响,探讨其益气活血作用及其机制。采用饥饿加疲劳的方法建立气虚血瘀大鼠模型,考察各组大鼠血流变学指标和因子,分析其益气活血作用。在血流变学指标方面:与模型组相比,空白组的全血高、中、低切,黄芪豆豉高、中、低剂量组的低切、高切,差异极显著;空白组,黄芪豆豉低、中组的全血相对指数低、高切及高剂量组的低切差异极显著;而血浆黏度和红细胞聚集指数无显著性差异。在相关因子方面:模型组大鼠血栓素B₂ (TXB₂)和6-酮前列腺素-PGF1α (6-keto-PGF1α)含量比值为0.009 9;黄芪豆豉高、中、低剂量组TXB₂与6-keto-PGF1α比值分别为0.003 5, 0.002 9和0.004 6。黄芪豆豉通过降低气虚血瘀模型大鼠全血黏度、血浆黏度及血液流变学相关因子含量比值,来改善气虚血瘀状态,从而减轻“血瘀证”,具有活血作用。     

番茄原浆提取物对油脂的抗氧化性的研究

以过氧化值(POV)为指标研究了番茄红素对猪油的抗氧化性能。结果表明,番茄红素对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系;抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、茶多酚对番茄红素的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;番茄红素与合成抗氧化剂混合使用时,其抗氧化能力均好于只添加单一抗氧化剂的效果。     

番茄原浆提取物对油脂的抗氧化性的研究

以过氧化值(POV)为指标研究了番茄红素对猪油的抗氧化性能。结果表明,番茄红素对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系;抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、茶多酚对番茄红素的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;番茄红素与合成抗氧化剂混合使用时,其抗氧化能力均好于只添加单一抗氧化剂的效果。      

黑米花色苷提取物对ApoE基因缺陷小鼠动脉粥样硬化晚期斑块的影响

研究黑米花色苷提取物对ApoE基因缺陷小鼠动脉粥样硬化晚期斑块的影响。将30周龄的ApoE基因缺陷小鼠分为三组,两实验组分别在小鼠正常饲料中添加黑米花色苷提取物和药物辛伐他汀粉末,空白对照组喂饲小鼠正常饲料。结果表明,黑米花色苷提取物能显著降低小鼠血清的总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油三酯(TG)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,同时减少无名动脉处的斑块面积,降低斑块中基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)的含量。由此本研究可得出如下结论:黑米花色苷提取物能抑制小鼠动脉粥样硬化晚期斑块的进一步的发展。     

Review of flavonoids and other phenolics from fruits of different tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars

BACKGROUND: Tomato, one of the most important vegetables worldwide, contains a range of flavonoids and phenolic acids in addition to lycopene, which are regarded as potentially useful compounds with respect to health benefits. Composition data in fresh tomatoes vary due to genetic and environmental factors and cultural practices. Breeding programs aim to produce tomatoes with enhanced levels of flavonoids and other phenolics. RESULTS: The present paper gives an overview of flavonoids, stilbenoids and other phenolics reported to occur in tomato fruits. Contents are reported for a wide range of cultivars and types. Metabolism of phenolics during fruit maturation and tissue location are described, and an overview of measured contents is given. Effects of environmental conditions and cultural practices are estimated using available literature. Recent literature on transgenic tomatoes is included, and possibilities for regulating phenolic contents in tomatoes are discussed. CONCLUSION: The literature review clearly discloses a rapidly growing interest in flavonoids and other phenolics in tomato fruits and products made thereof. This is particularly connected to the antioxidant properties of these compounds as well as other possible health effects. Choice of cultivar and effects of environment and agronomic practices are important factors with respect to phenolic qualities and quantities of tomatoes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

多个番茄果实样品脂肪酸含量及组成比较分析

采用索氏提取法提取8个番茄果实样品中的粗脂肪,用KOH-甲醇溶液对脂肪酸进行甲酯化,以37种脂肪酸标品为对照,采用气相色谱分析法测定其脂肪酸含量及组成。结果表明:番茄果实干物质平均含量5.86%,种子含量0%～0.51%,粗脂肪平均含量6.97%;番茄果实样品间脂肪酸总量差异明显,最大可达10倍以上;番茄果实脂肪酸总量与种子量一定程度正相关;番茄果实脂肪酸相对百分含量有一定差异,其主要脂肪酸组成及含量为棕榈酸13.2%～26.4%、硬脂酸0%～6.2%、油酸0%～27.5%、亚油酸50.5%～70.9%、亚麻酸2.5%～20.0%。研究结果可为番茄育种、栽培和资源综合开发利用提供参考。      

Variability in the content of soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides in red‐ripe cherry and high‐pigment tomato cultivars

BACKGROUND: Soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides are well known for contributing to a range of ‘quality’ characteristics of fresh vegetables such as flavour, texture and healthy properties. Red‐ripe berries of 14 cultivars of cherry tomatoes and four cultivars of high‐pigment tomato hybrids, cultivated in the south of Italy, were analysed for their content of these important qualitative parameters. RESULTS: Sakura appeared to be the cultivar with the highest amount of soluble sugars (53 g kg^?1 fresh weight (f.w.)), mainly glucose and fructose, and, hence the ‘sweetest’ among cherry tomatoes. High‐pigment tomatoes, especially HLY02 and HLY13, showed a soluble sugar content much lower than cherry tomatoes, as expected for industrial, normal‐size tomatoes. Variations in the fructose/glucose ratio, of between 0.68 and 1.48, were evidenced among the different tomato cultivars. Cell wall polysaccharides isolated from whole fresh red‐ripe berries of each cultivar were analysed chemically. The amount of matrix polysaccharides (0.9–3.4 g kg^?1 f.w.) and cellulose (0.16–1.86 g kg^?1 f.w.), as well as their glycosidic composition, showed significant differences among the different cultivars. Cellulose to matrix polysaccharide ratio was highly variable and ranged between 0.06–1.44 and 0.17–0.77 in cherry and high‐pigment tomato cultivars, respectively. CONCLUSION: The differences evidenced in the total soluble sugar and cell wall polysaccharide composition, not only among different types of tomatoes but also different cultivars within the same typology, may play a fundamental role in the quality of tomatoes and deserve further investigations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of packaging materials following ethanol and benomyl treatments on chemical and microbiological changes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits

The effects of various post-harvest treatments on chemical changes, microbiological quality and occurrence of spoilage in ripe tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L) were investigated. Fruits were pretreated in 70% ethanol or 0.2% benomyl before being packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) or raffia palm basket. Fruit was stored at 27–32°C for up to 16 days. Control fruits (without pretreatment or packaging) showed the highest increase in pH; basket-packaged fruits were erratic but LDPE- and HDPE-packaged fruits showed gradual increases. Changes in titratable acidity were the inverse of those in pH. Among packagings, LDPE most effectively maintained total soluble solids (TSS) as compared with basket-packaged fruits, and the control showed the lowest TSS. Of the pretreatments, benomyl-treated fruits retained higher TSS. Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp, Pseudomonas spp and Escherichia spp occurred most commonly in control and basket-packaged fruits, but Rhizopus spp and Leuconostoc spp predominantly occurred in LDPE- and HDPE-packaged fruits. Microbial load was lowest in benomyl-treated fruits followed by ethanol-treated and control fruits. Spoilage was higher (53.1%) in ethanol-treated than in benomyl-treated (43.8%) fruits.     

短梗五加果多酚预防大鼠动脉粥样硬化作用

目的：研究短梗五加果多酚（Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruit polyphenols,ASFP）对大鼠动脉粥样硬化 （atherosclerosis,As）的预防作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法：40 只雄性SD大鼠随机平均分成4 组,每组10 只。 采用高脂饮食结合腹腔注射VD3的方法建立As模型,不同剂量ASFP给药组自造模开始之日起分别灌胃150、 75 mg/（kg·d）的ASFP,空白组和高脂饮食组大鼠灌胃等量生理盐水,各实验组连续处理12 周后,检测大鼠血清 生理生化水平并计算As指数;苏木素-伊红染色观察大鼠主动脉As病变情况;Western blot检测主动脉中黏附分子和 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK）信号通路关键基因的蛋白表达水平。结果：与高脂 饮食组相比,ASFP能显著降低大鼠血清中的血脂、黏附分子和炎症因子水平,减少主动脉中的脂质沉积,改善各 层结构排列紊乱,显著降低主动脉中细胞间黏附分子-1、血管细胞黏附分子-1、磷酸化p38和磷酸化细胞外信号调 节蛋白激酶1/2（phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2,p-ERK1/2）的蛋白表达量。结论：ASFP具有预防 As的作用,其作用可能与其降血脂和抑制p38 MAPK和ERK1/2 MAPK信号通路,进而抑制炎症因子的表达有关。     

天麻取物提高大鼠的抗缺氧能力

研究天麻提取物对大鼠抗缺氧能力的作用机制。通过建立大鼠常压耐缺氧实验模型,随机分为正常组、阳性对照组、低剂量天麻提取物组和高剂量天麻提取物组,统计大鼠的体重、生存时间、生存率。检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、乳酸(Lactate,LA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)水平、热休克蛋白70(HSp70)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮合酶(i NOS)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)相关蛋白表达。研究结果表明:高剂量天麻提取物组大鼠生存时间提高了34.01%,LDH、LA、GSH、GR水平分别为8614.24 nmol/mL、2.01 nmol/mL、965.5 mg/mL、0.30 U/mL,HSp70蛋白表达为4.14,均显著高于正常组(p0.05);MDA、CAT水平分别为63.52 U/mL、23.24 U/mL,ET-1、i NOS、HIF-1α蛋白表达分别为1.96、2.10、0.28,均显著低于正常组(p0.05)。说明天麻提取物能够有效的提高大鼠抗氧化能力,改善大鼠的氧化应激相关指标水平,从而提高大鼠机体的缺氧能力。     

Effect of different packaging systems on the quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Rio Grande) fruits during storage

A packaging system is designed in our laboratory and evaluated for its suitability to extend storage life and improve the quality of tomato (var. Rio Grande) fruits at ambient temperature (Patent App. No. 484/2005). Freshly harvested mature green tomatoes were packed in polyethylene packaging with or without treating with calcium chloride, boric acid and potassium permanganate. The fruits were then evaluated for changes in quality parameters within the different stages of ripening. The treatments improved the storage life up to 96 days when compared with that of control (32 days). The results showed that within each ripening stage, the treated fruits remained better than that of control and all the ripening stages and treatments are significantly different ( P  < 0.05) from each other. It can also be deduced that treated fruits showed lower weight loss (%), total soluble solids (TSS) contents, acidity and spoilage incidence while ascorbic acid contents, sugar to acid ratio, flavour, texture, colour and overall acceptability were higher in treated fruits when compared with control at the red stage of ripening. Total sugars (%) were low in fruits treated with calcium chloride and boric acid with or without potassium permanganate.     

葵花籽仁粕乙醇提取物抗氧化性的研究

以油葵、食葵的葵花籽仁除油后乙醇提取物为研究对象,在测定其提取物中总酚酸含量的基础上,用K3[Fe(CN)6]测定了它们的还原力;采用D-脱氧核糖-铁体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系、二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH.)体系进行抗氧化活性的研究,并同Vc进行了比较。结果表明:油葵、食葵的葵花籽仁粕乙醇提取物均有显著的抗氧化性,呈剂量效应关系,其中葵花籽仁粕乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性与其总酚含量密切相关。当葵花籽仁粕多酚浓度为0.05 mg/mL时,对DPPH.的清除率都超过了95%;当多酚浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率,油葵、食葵分别为57.83%4、5.24%;对.OH的清除率,油葵、食葵分别达到77.61%6、8%;在实验浓度范围内0.005 mg/mL～0.2 mg/mL,葵花籽粕乙醇提取物的抗氧化性高于VC。