微波热风复合干燥制备速食小米方便粥的复水性研究

对速食小米方便粥的生产工艺过程进行研究,确定其复水性较佳的加工工艺参数.在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验优化.结果表明,小米方便粥产品的复水性主要受小米的浸泡工艺、蒸煮工艺以及干燥工艺的影响.小米在50℃、浸泡40 min,在100℃、蒸煮20 min,在微波功率为13.4 kW的条件下,微波8 min,再以90℃热风干燥30 min,产品复水率为2.88,复水时间为7 min.此工艺获得的速食小米方便粥产品具有较佳的复水性,微波热风复合干燥能够实现制备速食方便粥类食品.     

真空微波干燥制备速食糙米粥的工艺优化及干燥和复水动力学研究

以糙米为原料,通过单因素和正交试验优化速食糙米粥的最佳工艺参数,探究真空微波干燥制备速食糙米粥的干燥和复水动力学方程.结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:浸泡温度55℃,浸泡时间20 min,糙米与水的比例为1:8,真空微波干燥18 min,干燥功率2000 W,制备的速食糙米粥的复水率最好,口感最佳,并获得其最适的干燥动力学和...     

小米大豆复合速食粥的研制及工艺优化

以沁州黄小米和大豆为主要原料,研制小米大豆特色速食粥。以复水率和感官评价为指标,采用正交试验法对浸泡-蒸煮-干燥法生产的速食粥进行工艺优化。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为浸泡时间40 min、蒸煮时间35 min、干燥温度90℃、干燥时间90 min。在此条件下制作的小米大豆速食粥复水率为3.82%,感官得分为87.3。该速食粥复水之后色泽与新鲜米粥较为接近,黏稠度适中,软硬适宜,兼有米香和豆香,产品具有较高营养价值。     

荞麦大米复合方便粥工艺配方优化及品质分析

以荞麦、大米为主要原料，在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验优化复合方便粥的工艺配方。结果表明：最佳工艺配方为采用蒸煮结合的熟化方法、荞麦水煮10 min汽蒸10 min、大米水煮12 min汽蒸3 min、荞麦大米质量比7∶3、荞麦炒制9 min、荞麦热风干燥温度135℃、干燥时间15 min。在此条件下制得的荞麦大米复合方便粥口感最佳，复水率为243%,硬度为2 904.771 N,复水后黏度为4.143 Pa·s。     

速食小米粥的研制

通过对速食小米粥生产工艺过程的研究,确定最优的速食小米粥加工工艺参数.结果表明,速食小米粥产品的品质和复水性主要受小米浸泡工艺、蒸制工艺和干燥工艺的影响.小米在40℃浸泡40min,在100℃蒸锅中蒸制20min,以1500W的80℃微波真空干燥7min,此工艺获得的速食小米粥产品具有最佳的复水性和感官品质.     

湿热处理对裸燕麦复配米方便米饭品质的影响

燕麦属于粗杂粮,具有极高的营养价值。为了改善目前市场上方便米饭多以粳米为原料,加之在生产工艺中造成米饭营养流失而引起的方便米饭营养不足,以裸燕麦米为原料,与粳米以适当比例配合,制作裸燕麦复配米方便米饭,确定方便米饭加工工艺最佳工艺参数。试验结果表明,将裸燕麦用沙滚碾米机进行碾磨后与粳米以适当比例复配,裸燕麦米与粳米的最佳比例为1∶2,湿热处理最佳工艺为在35℃恒温水浴锅中将米浸泡30 min,蒸煮米水比1∶1,蒸煮时间8 min,蒸煮压力0.05 MPa,此条件下裸燕麦复配米方便米饭的复水率为2.20,糊化度91.2%,感官评分27.1,综合值140.3。     

方便米皮加工工艺的比较研究

试验对方便米皮生产工艺进行比较研究。通过半干法、蒸制法与稀浆料挤压法加工方便米皮,测定加工产品的感官及理化性质,结果表明:稀浆料挤压米皮产品与汉中米皮口感相近,凝胶特性适中,产品复水时间为6 min,溶出率为8%,耐泡性高达30 min,投资少,成本低,是汉中方便米皮生产的最佳工艺。     

方便米饭的复水工艺研究

选择水温、水米质量比和时间作为试验因素,在单因素的试验的基础上,采用响应面法的Box-Behnken试验设计,通过响应面分析得到米饭复水性回归模型,并利用模型求得方便米饭复水的最适工艺条件:水温75℃、水:大米为2.8∶1(质量比)、时间25min。     

冻干方便米饭前处理工艺参数的确定

以米与水的比例、一次浸泡温度和时间、二次浸泡温度和时间、蒸煮时间为试验因素,安排设计6因素5水平25个处理,进行正交试验,运用最新统计软件SPSS,对干燥后米饭的复水率、α-度及其感官特性,进行了综合评价,得出冻干压缩全营养方便米饭前处理的最优工艺参数。结果表明,冻干压缩全营养方便米饭前处理的最优工艺参数为:原料米与水的比例为1∶1.5;一次浸泡温度为60℃,时间为45min;二次浸泡温度为40℃,时间为45min;蒸煮时间为20min(二次)。     

速食开花米粥的研制

将原料大米经清洗、浸泡、干燥、蒸煮、热风干燥,可制得复水后体积大、呈开花状特点的方便米粥。即将加工后的米粒放在热水中,复水3～5min后,成速食米粥。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the