南瓜菠萝复合汁制造工艺研究

研究了由南瓜、菠萝、苹果和西瓜复合的果汁制造工艺,采用D-最优设计确定了复合配方,并对其稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,由40%南瓜汁、30%菠萝汁、17%苹果汁和13%西瓜汁复合时,口感最好;添加0.02%黄原胶和0.06%果胶的果蔬汁保温至40℃时,在40MPa的压力下均质2次后,悬浮稳定性好。     

蔬菜复合调味品的加工技术研究

此研究提出了一种以腌制发酵的蔬菜、辣椒、植物油为主要原料生产蔬菜复合调味品的加工技术,对蔬菜复合调味品的生产工艺、最佳配比、操作技术要点、产品质量标准及工艺参数进行了研究。该产品色、香、味佳,具有较好的发展前景。     

Quality of cocoa beans dried using a direct solar dryer at different loadings

In this study fermented cocoa beans were dried in a direct solar dryer at three levels of loading (20, 30 and 60 kg). Surface mouldiness was found to be heavy in the 60 kg treatment, with beans appearing blackish. All the dried beans were reasonably acceptable in terms of vinegary odour and weak in alcohol odour. Weak odour was also detected for the faecal, rancid and cheesy odours. The 60 kg treatment was rated strong for wet sock odour due to poor drying condition. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between the 60 kg treatment and the lower loading treatments for pH and titratable acidity. A cut test showed that the lower loading treatments resulted in a higher percentage of brown beans. The 20 kg treatment showed the highest cut test score, which is significantly different (P < 0.05) from the 60 kg treatment. Fermentation index also showed a tendency for lower loading treatments to have a higher index. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found among the treatments in terms of cocoa, astringency, bitterness and sourness flavour notes. However, better flavour was observed for beans from the 20 kg treatment. No mouldy off flavour was found in any of the dried beans. Overall quality assessment showed that the 20 kg treatment was able to produce reasonably good‐quality beans as compared to other loadings and therefore is recommended for the direct solar dryer. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

儿童适宜型天然复合蔬菜汁的研制

从天然蔬菜中精选出番茄、胡萝卜、蘑菇、苦瓜、芹菜、菠菜制取蔬菜汁，根据一定的原则和工艺进行复配，并对复合蔬菜汁进行了稳定性实验，最终得到一种儿童适宜型复合蔬菜汁。     

芦苇与龙须草混合浆直接通汽立锅蒸煮的生产实践

草类浆的直接通汽立锅蒸煮是间接通汽立锅蒸煮的一种改进。文章对芦苇与龙须草混合浆的直接通汽立锅蒸煮技术的原理、工艺参数以及生产操作要点进行了介绍。     

植物油加工中苯并(a)芘的产生途径及控制措施

苯并(a)芘是三大强致癌物质之一,油脂在加工过程中易受其污染。探讨植物油在加工过程中苯并(a)芘的可能来源,从预防和去除两方面对苯并(a)芘的控制措施进行阐述,并对避免苯并(a)芘产生的新技术进行了展望,以期对进一步开展相关研究有所帮助。     

牛骨果蔬复合汁饮料生产工艺及其质量控制

以牛骨、菠萝、番茄为主要原料,经过一系列加工工序制成一种复合汁饮料。对产品容易出现的质量问题及其控制方法进行了研究。     

茶油品质鉴别的透射和透反射模式分析比较

采用近红外光谱透射模式与透反射模式结合化学计量学方法对茶油进行品质鉴别。对收集的139个样品,分别用透射和透反射模式扫描,采用全光谱10 000～4 000cm-1波段,对光谱不做任何预处理,采用判别分析(discriminant a-nalysis,DA)建立油茶籽油(包括原茶油)和其它油的分类模型,真假茶油分类模型及原茶油和精炼茶油分类模型。透反射和透射模式都能够得到满意的结果,两种光谱采集方法的分类准确率均达到92%以上,透反射采集模式要优于透射采集模式。结果表明,近红外光谱可作为一种简单、快速、无损、可靠的方法用于鉴别茶油品质。     

果肉型混合发酵蔬菜汁饮料加工技术研究(一)--优良菌种及发酵条件的比较研究

发酵型蔬菜汁饮料作为传统蔬菜汁饮料的技术延伸，理应成为未来蔬菜汁多元化发展的方向之一．以南瓜、胡萝卜和番茄等蔬菜为原料，就果肉型混合发酵蔬菜汁饮料发酵菌种的组成、特性以及发酵条件等进行了系统的研究，研究的结果可为发酵蔬菜汁饮料未来的发展提供必要的技术和生产基础。     

切割菜加工、流通中微生物控制技术的研究

主要介绍我国蔬菜业的生产现状,切割菜的研究概况,切割菜中微生物的主要来源,切割菜微生物控制技术的研究以及微生物生长模型在切割菜研究中的应用,为我国切割菜的品质控制提供参考。     

Comparison of drying behaviour, quality and yield of copra processed in either a solar hybrid dryer on in an improved copra kiln

Drying copra in a solar hybrid dryer reduces the moisture content from around 50% to 7% after 71 h of continuous drying. The copra was graded as 73% white copra, 21% Milling Ordinary Grade II (M.O.GII) and the remaining 6% M.O.GIII (dusty copra). Thermal efficiency was about 10%. In the Coconut Research Institute copra kiln, the moisture content of copra was reduced from around 52% to 8% in 62 h of intermittent dying. The copra was graded as about 82% M.O.GI and the remaining 18% M.O.GIII (burnt copra). Thermal efficiency was about 15.5%. High quality white copra could be processed in solar hybrid drying. However, no white copra could be processed in kiln drying.     

大枣、杏仁植物蛋白饮料加工工艺研究

采用河南新郑大枣和杏仁为主要原料,研究了大枣、杏仁复合植物蛋白饮料的加工工艺.结果表明:该饮料的最佳配方为:大枣汁:杏仁浆=3:1、pH4.05、复合乳化稳定剂(黄原胶:海藻酸钠=1:2,HLB=8)O.09%;最佳杀菌工艺参数为:杀菌温度100℃:、杀菌时间20min.     

新型混合办公废纸用脱墨剂的复配及应用

针对混合办公废纸油墨特点,优选出脱墨效果较好的单组分表面活性剂,并通过对AC进行改性,制备出一种新型表面活性剂MAC。利用自制表面活性剂MAC与优选出的表面活性剂进一步复配,得到一种高效的混合办公废纸用脱墨剂GA,并探讨了黏附功对脱墨效果的影响。     

Exergy,energy and economic analysis of a V-groove assist rotating tray type solar cabinet dryer for drying potato chips

In this present work we have studied the exergy, energy and economic performance of a V-grooved type air collector with rotating trays type of solar cabinet dryer for drying potato chips in the sunny days of winter season at Bhubaneswar (20.2961° N, 85.8245° E), Odisha. The obtained results from this experiment were also compared with the performance of a flat plate air collector with rotating trays used in the same dryer. The average energy efficiency of the solar air collector (SAC) and drying chamber (DC) was found to be 73.3% and 24.8% in case of V-grooved and 60.1% and 19.3% in case of plane collector respectively. The average exergy inflow, outflow, loss and efficiency of the drying chamber in case of V-grooved collector was found as 19.7 W, 11.82 W, 7.88 W and 58.14% where as it was 22.3 W, 12.96 W, 9.34.88 W and 56.12% in case of plane collector respectively. Similarly the average exergy inflow, outflow, loss and efficiency of the SAC in case of V-grooved was found as 845 W, 20.1 W, 824.9 W and 1.99% where as it was 830 W, 22 W, 808 W and 2.28% in case of plane collector respectively. The average exergy and energy efficiency of the V-grooved type chamber are found to be 3.47% and 22.17% higher respectively as compared to plane collector. The air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the SAC and DC mainly affects the exergy value.     

农产品质量安全舆情应对模式及策略研究

采用资料检索和调研相结合的方式,对农产品质量安全舆情案例进行了分析研究。结合相关案例,对舆情的应对模式和策略进行归纳和总结:舆情出现后,应迅速做出反应,做好舆情的分析研判;舆情的应对模式概括为紧急应对模式、科普解读模式、个案处置模式和预防模式4种;舆情应对的主体,包括管理者、专家学者、生产者、消费者以及社会团体等,政府部门要做好组织工作;风险交流的内容和形式要简洁、通俗易懂,要针对公众关注点和认知水平;重视电视和报纸等传统主流在舆情应对中的重要作用,同时加强微博、微信、微视频、网络社群等新型网络载体的作用;舆情应对必须科学严谨,经得起反复推敲和检验,特别是口径要统一。     

Application of failure mode and effect analysis and cause and effect analysis on processing of ready to eat vegetables – part II

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) model has been applied for the risk assessment of ready to eat vegetables manufacturing. A tentative approach of FMEA application to the ready to eat vegetables industry was attempted in conjunction with cause and effect diagrams. critical control points have been identified and implemented in the cause and effect diagram (also known as Ishikawa, tree diagram and fishbone diagram). The main emphasis was put on the quantification of risk assessment by determining the risk priority number (RPN) per identified processing hazard. Receiving, storage and distribution, packaging and cooling were the processes identified as the ones with the highest RPN (225, 225, 180 and 144 respectively) and corrective actions were undertaken. Following the application of corrective actions, a second calculation of RPN values was carried out leading to considerably lower values (below the upper acceptable limit of 130). It is noteworthy that the application of Ishikawa (cause and effect or tree diagram) led to converging results thus corroborating the validity of conclusions derived from risk assessment and FMEA. Therefore, the incorporation of FMEA and cause and effect analysis within the ISO22000 system of a ready to eat vegetables processing industry is considered imperative.     

Space allowance and barriers influence cow competition for mixed rations fed on a feed-pad between bouts of grazing

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate how feeding space allowance and provision of feed barriers interact to affect feeding and social behavior of dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration on a feed-pad. The treatments were factorial with 3 feeding space allowances (0.6, 0.75, or 1.0 m of trough space per cow) and feed troughs that were either open or had head barriers that physically separated adjacent cows to reduce interactions during feeding. One hundred and forty-four Holstein-Friesian cows in mid lactation were allocated into 12 groups of 12 cows, with 1 of 6 treatments (3 × 2) randomly assigned to 2 groups out of 12. Treatments were changed weekly over 3 wk according to a row-column, crossover design, with week corresponding to rows and group corresponding to columns. Thus, the design included 2 replicated groups per treatment in each week. Grazed pasture intake was approximately 6.1 kg of dry matter (DM)/cow per day, supplemented with 3.5 kg of DM/cow per day of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain fed during milking and 10.7 kg of DM/cow per day of a mixed ration offered on the feed-pad after each milking. The experiment comprised a 7-d pre-experimental period followed by a 21-d experimental period. The social hierarchy within each group was determined before the experiment commenced. Feeding and social behaviors of cows were analyzed using video recordings and the changes in heart rate and heart rate variability were determined using heart rate monitors. Data were analyzed using mixed effect models by REML. When feeding space allowance was increased, we observed an increase in the time a cow spent feeding and a decrease in the number of feeding bouts in relation to the total time feed was available, particularly in subordinate cows. The number of aggressive behaviors and displacements decreased when space allowance increased. In addition, HR was reduced and the reduction was more pronounced in subordinate cows compared with dominant cows. Use of feed barriers increased cow feeding time and decreased the number of feeding bouts in relation to the total time feed was available, particularly in subordinate cows, and reduced the number of cow displacements during feeding. We conclude that increasing the feeding space from 0.6 to 0.75 to 1.0 m reduces aggressive interactions and improves cow feeding behavior, with the effects being greatest for subordinate cows. The use of feed barriers further reduces competition at the feed trough in a partial mixed ration feeding system.     

Transferring a large data library of fresh total mixed rations from a benchtop to 2 portable near-infrared spectrometers for on-farm real-time decisions

This study was carried out using a spectral database consisting of 394 samples of fresh total mixed ration (TMR) from dairy farms located at Northern Spain. Cloning sets of different size and structure were evaluated for the transfer of the large TMR spectral database obtained on a Foss NIRSystems monochromator to 2 different portable near-infrared devices: one diode array instrument and another based on linear variable filters. The cloning matrix that produced the best matching between instruments was then used to transfer the TMR spectral library to the 2 portable instruments. Once the database had been transferred, calibration equations were developed to compare the predictive ability of the equations obtained in the benchtop and portable instruments. In comparison with the monochromator predictive ability, the calibration equations developed with the near-infrared portable instruments displayed a high and similar accuracy for most of the studied parameters related to TMR composition, enabling their use for predicting TMR quality at the farm level.