血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽RLSFNP脂质体的制备工艺优化

本实验以脂质体作为包埋载体,研究血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽Arg-Leu-Ser-Phe-Asn-Pro(RLSFNP)脂质体的制备工艺。以包封率为考察指标,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化RLSFNP脂质体的制备工艺。得出最优制备条件为:大豆卵磷脂用量120.0 mg、胆固醇用量24.6 mg、RLSFNP用量15.3 mg、乙醚用量15.0 m L、磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 7.4)用量5.8 m L、探头超声时间5.2 min。在此条件下制备的脂质体平均粒径在168 nm左右,电位为-31.2 m V,实际包封率为(67.5±0.8)%,由脂质体包埋后的RLSFNP具有一定的缓释效果。     

蛋清蛋白源血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽研究进展

在分析蛋清蛋白的组成及酶解性质的基础上,综述了国外蛋清血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽来源、制备方法、降压活性、酶解动力学、结构修饰和包埋技术的研究现状,并对其在食品、医药领域研究和应用的方向进行了展望。以期为我国蛋清蛋白降压肽的研究与开发提供参考。     

Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effects of grass carp peptides

In vitro and in vivo antihypertensive effects of grass carp peptides (GCP) were investigated. The amino acid composition and the angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitory activity were evaluated using HPLC. GCP was administrated to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) by single and long-term administration before blood pressure measurements. Plasma levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), rennin (RA), nitric oxide (NO), and plasma angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity were measured. The GCP molecular weight was between 725 and 1,228 Da with high levels of Leu, Asp, Phe, Gly, and Pro. The in vitro IC₅₀ value was 0.23 mg/mL. GCP lowered SHR blood pressure dose and timedependently. Little change occurred in WKY. The plasma level of Ang II and the ACE activity decreased. SHR RA and NO concentrations in plasma increased. The antihypertensive effect of GCP was associated with NO regulation and the rennin-angiotensin system.     

乳源ACE抑制肽的制备及应用

近年来高血压成为威胁人类健康的第一大慢性病,由于常规降压药物对人体的损害,食源性降压肽成为研究的热点。目前研究发现了多种乳源ACE抑制肽,并得到应用。本文综述乳源ACE抑制肽的制备、纯化及应用现状。     

一种筛选血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽的方法

实验建立一种从蛋白水解物中快速高效鉴别血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)的方法：先对蛋白按照酶解位点进行序列搜寻,建立一个样品肽库;在量效结构关系(QSAR)研究的基础上对样品库中的肽的ACE抑制活性进行预测,然后化学合成目标肽及测定活性;必要时用现代分析技术确证蛋白水解物中目标肽的存在。用此方法对油菜、大米、小麦蛋白水解物中三肽ACE抑制活性进行研究,发现IC50在10μmol/L以下的三肽多达34条,选择了11条活性较高的肽合成验证,最后发现潜藏在油菜Cruciferin BNC1 (P33523)蛋白序列347～349的LRL活性最高,IC50达到3.42μmol/L,且具有较好的稳定性。抑制动力学研究表明,LRL属于竞争性抑制剂;油菜蛋白胃蛋白酶水解物进行分子质量分段,取分子质量小于1000D部分进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析发现有LRL。     

动植物源蛋白体外消化产物结构性质及ACE抑制活性

为揭示动植物源蛋白对于血压调节功能上的差异是否由蛋白肽的血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin conversion enzyme,ACE）抑制活性所引起,动植物蛋白经体外消化后,对蛋白肽的ACE活性抑制进行研究。采用胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两步消化法,水解植物蛋白（大米、燕麦、大豆、豌豆）、红肉蛋白（猪肉、牛肉）和白肉蛋白（鸡肉）。测定所获蛋白肽的水解度、分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及其ACE抑制率。结果表明,随着蛋白质水解度的增加和分子质量的减小,3类蛋白消化产物的ACE活性抑制率均相应增大。其中,植物蛋白消化产物ACE抑制率最高（60.41%）,红肉蛋白最低（40.13%）。对蛋白质消化产物的氨基酸组成进行分析,结果表明,植物蛋白和白肉蛋白消化产物的疏水性氨基酸含量均显著高于红肉蛋白。3类蛋白中消化产物的疏水性氨基酸含量越高,则ACE抑制活性越高,说明疏水性氨基酸含量高可能是植物蛋白肽具有高的ACE抑制活性的主要原因之一。     

脱盐、超滤处理卵白蛋白源ACE抑制肽及其理化性质的研究

卵白蛋白是蛋清中的主要蛋白质,利用卵白蛋白制备ACE抑制肽可为其高值利用提供参考。本文采用离子交换色谱对卵白蛋白的粗酶解物进行脱盐处理,确定了室温25℃、20 m L进样量、8 BV/h的脱盐工艺条件。在上述条件下,酶解物脱盐率达到83.6%,氮回收率和ACE(血管紧张素转换酶)抑制率分别为87.71%和80.31%。再采用截留分子量为10 ku和3 ku的两种超滤膜将脱盐酶解物分离成10 ku、3~10 ku和3 ku三个组分,最佳操作条件:超滤时间40 min、操作压力1.5 bar、温度35℃(10 ku)和30℃(3 ku)。超滤所得三个组分均具有ACE抑制活性,其中分子量3 ku的超滤物活性最高,该组分与粗酶解物相比较,总巯基和表面巯基含量显著降低(p0.05),同时表面疏水性显著提高(p0.05),热稳定性增加。因此,卵白蛋白的粗酶解物经脱盐、超滤处理,可以明显去除其中的盐分,并得到ACE抑制活性较高的分离组分。     

预处理对胶原蛋白水解和血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽段释放的影响

以胰蛋白酶为工具酶,研究短时热处理、超高压处理对胶原蛋白水解和血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensinconverting enzyme,ACE）抑制肽段释放的影响。结果表明：热处理可显著促进胰蛋白酶对胶原蛋白的水解和ACE抑制活性肽段释放,超高压处理组水解物水解度（degree of hydrolysis,DH）与无处理组无显著差异,ACE抑制活性显著低于无处理组。水解物DH和ACE抑制活性关系研究显示,胰蛋白酶水解胶原蛋白过程中,水解度小于5%时,ACE抑制率随水解度呈明显上升趋势,水解度大于5%后,其上升趋势不再明显。肽谱分析进一步证明热处理可有效促进胶原蛋白的水解,超高压处理可改变胰蛋白酶作用位点。热处理组水解物序列分析显示,获得序列均来源于胶原蛋白三螺旋区域,且大部分序列都具有潜在的ACE抑制活性。说明短时热处理可以有效破坏胶原蛋白的三螺旋结构,促进ACE抑制肽段的释放。     

三斑海马蛋白ACE抑制肽的制备及其二级结构的研究

以三斑海马为原料,经碱性蛋白酶酶解,获得富含血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin I-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽的酶解液。酶解液经透析、Sephadex G-25凝胶过滤色谱和反相高效液相色谱得到进一步分离纯化。结果表明,透析产物的IC50值为(0.44±0.26)mg/mL,相比酶解液(0.81±0.12)mg/mL,其ACE抑制活性更强。透析产物经Sephadex G-25凝胶柱分离纯化后,得到3种组分,其中组分F2的ACE抑制活性最强,IC50值为(0.11±0.08)mg/mL。F2经反相高效液相色谱进一步分离后,得到6个具有ACE抑制活性的组分峰,其中组分F2-4的ACE抑制活性最强,IC50值为(0.005 7±0.000 9)mg/mL。经过3步分离纯化后,成功从三斑海马蛋白中分离得到一种活性较强ACE抑制肽:ProAla-Gly-Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-Ala(PAGPRGPA),多肽分子量为721.39 Da。圆二色谱分析多肽二级结构表明其主要含无规则卷曲。因此,从三斑海马蛋白中分离得到的多肽可能成为营养保健品和抗高血压药品及相关疾病的一种有益成分,且对海马蛋白资源的开发利用具有重要意义。     

超滤法分离酪蛋白酶解物中的ACE抑制肽

采用不同截留分子质量的超滤膜对酪蛋白酶解物中ACE抑制肽进行初步分离,确定了超滤的条件,并测定超滤前后酶解物的ACE抑制活性。结果表明,截留分子质量为10 ku和3 ku的超滤膜能不同程度地提高酪蛋白酶解物的ACE抑制活性,但3 ku的超滤膜能更有效地提高其ACE抑制活性,并且超滤液半抑制浓度值(IC50)为0.46 mg/mL。证明超滤技术可作为一种分离ACE抑制肽的手段。     

Optimization and Scale‐Up Preparation of Egg White Hydrolysate with Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in regulation of blood pressure as it converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor). Food protein‐derived ACE inhibitory peptides have been considered as a safer alternative to antihypertensive drugs. In our previous study, three ACE inhibitory peptides were characterized from egg white ovotransferrin and their antihypertensive activity has been validated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, it is too costly to prepare these peptides from purified egg white ovotransferrin. The aims of the study were to determine the feasibility of preparing these peptides using egg white and then to optimize the conditions of preparing egg white hydrolysate. Taguchi's method was used to design experiments for optimization, which was established as follows: substrate %, pH of thermoase, time of thermoase digestion, ratio of pepsin to substrate, pH of pepsin, temperature of pepsin, and time of pepsin digestion were 7.5%, pH 8, 90 min, 1%, pH 2.5, 55 °C, and 180 min, respectively. The ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ value) and peptide yield obtained under optimal condition were 30 ± 2 μg/mL and 77.5% ± 0.3%, respectively, which were comparable to the predicted values. Hydrolysate prepared at 150 L reactor showed comparable activity but low peptide yield. Results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using egg white protein as the starting material to prepare a functional ingredient with potent ACE inhibitory activity.     

食物源ACE抑制肽的生产及构效关系研究进展

生物活性肽是蛋白质中隐藏着的可在体内发挥一定生理功能的活性肽段。目前已从食物蛋白中获得了具有免疫调节、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗血栓形成、抗高血压等功能的多肽,其中血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽是研究热点之一。ACE通过产具有升压作用的血管紧张素Ⅱ和降解扩张血管的舒缓激肽在调节血压中发挥着重要作用。ACE抑制肽可通过消化道水解、发酵和熟化过程、体外酶解和遗传重组方法而获得,并可作为功能因子添加到功能食品中,相关产品已上市或研发中。本文对ACE抑制肽的生产及其构效关系研究进展等进行综述。     

酶解燕麦蛋白制备ACE抑制肽的研究

本研究以燕麦蛋白为原料,分别选用Alcalase、Neutrase 和Protamex 进行单独或联合水解,经活性炭YD-303脱色、大孔吸附树脂DA-201C Ⅱ脱盐及分级纯化、Sephadex G-25 凝胶色谱柱进一步分离,以获得高纯度、高活性的血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽。结果表明：单酶反应时,Alcalase 水解2h所获得的产物对ACE 的抑制率可达85.40%;YD-303 处理燕麦蛋白酶解液脱色最优工艺为添加量1.5%(W/V)、pH3.5、温度40℃、脱色时间75min。利用75% 乙醇洗脱大孔吸附树脂DA-201C Ⅱ所获得的组分ACE 抑制活性最高,其经Sephadex G-25 进一步分离纯化,得到四个分离组分,第四组分的ACE 抑制活性最高,抑制率为95.6%。     

Purification,Identification, and In Vivo Activity of Angiotensin I‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide,from Ribbonfish (Trichiurus haumela) Backbone

Ribbonfish (Trichiurus haumela) backbone is normally discarded as an industrial waste from fish processing. A method of developing angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) peptides from ribbonfish backbone was previously optimized. The purposes of the study were to characterize the active peptides in the hydrolysate and to evaluate its in vivo activity. Ribbonfish backbone protein hydrolysate prepared by acid protease was fractionated into 4 fractions (I, MW < 1 kDa; II, MW = 1 to 5 kDa; III, MW = 5 to 10 kDa; and IV, MW > 10 kDa) through ultrafiltration membranes. Fraction I, showing the highest ACEI activity, was further purified using consecutive chromatographic techniques including gel filtration and reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The purified ACE inhibitory peptide was determined to have a molecular weight of 317.25 Da, with a sequence of Leu‐Trp and an IC₅₀ value of 5.6 μM. Systolic blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats was significantly decreased from 181 ± 2.0 to 161.3 ± 2.3 mm Hg after 4 h of oral administration of Leu‐Trp at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. These results indicated that ribbonfish backbone protein could be used for development of antihypertensive agent.     

DA201-C大孔吸附树脂静态吸附ACE抑制肽的研究

本实验通过静态吸附量和吸附率的测定确定血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)抑制肽分离富集的最适操作条件,考察了pH 值、盐浓度和乙醇浓度对ACE 抑制肽吸附性能的影响。结果表明,上样pH2.0 对ACE 抑制肽的脱盐效果最佳,70% 乙醇作为洗脱剂时效果最好,并且原样液的盐浓度保持不变。因此DA201-C 大孔吸附树脂综合性能较好,适合于ACE 抑制肽的分离纯化。     

Isolation of an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide from Irradiated Bovine Blood Plasma Protein Hydrolysates

ABSTRACT: An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide was isolated and purified from the hydrolysates of the irradiated bovine blood plasma protein. Blood plasma protein was irradiated at 10 kGy to eliminate microbial contamination and was enzymatically hydrolyzed using several commercial proteases: Alcalase, Esperase, and Flavourzyne. An ACE inhibitory peptide was isolated using membrane filtration, gel permeation chromatography, normal phase and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified ACE inhibitory peptide was identified to be a tripeptide, His-Pro-Tyr, having IC₅₀ value of 1.68 μM.     

高效液相色谱测定ACE抑制率方法改进的研究

本文是在原有的高效液相色谱测血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）抑制率方法的基础上进行改进,用于测定马氏珍珠贝蛋白酶解液的ACE抑制率。改进的方法消除了紫外228 nm时样品本身在马尿酸（HA）保留时间处的吸收峰的影响。对于本身在HA保留时间处有吸收峰（以下称干扰峰）的样品而言,明显提高了测定精确度。本文研究了酶解液干扰峰面积随酶解时间的变化趋势,发现干扰峰面积随酶解时间增加而减小。对于自制酶酶解液,在酶解24 h后,其干扰峰面积减小至零。比较了马尿酰-组氨酰-亮氨酸（HHL）和ACE加入不同顺序对结果的影响,发现采用先加HHL的方法得到的ACE抑制率全部高于采用先加ACE的方法。因此,在在测定过程中,应由始至终地采用同一加入顺序,数据才具有可比性。