不同酿酒酵母发酵对红葡萄酒中花色苷组成的影响

比较了不同酿酒酵母菌株发酵对红葡萄酒中花色苷组分的影响,为本土酵母的开发应用提供依据。采用本土自筛酿酒酵母菌株Y17和进口商业酵母菌株F15分别酿造干红葡萄酒,并利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS)对葡萄酒中的花色苷成分进行检测。结果表明,不同酵母发酵葡萄酒中的花色苷成分种类大体相同,但各种花色苷的含量具有较大差别,本土酵母菌株Y17在发酵生产高花色苷含量葡萄酒方面具有优势。     

高产谷胱甘肽酵母菌株的选育

以BY-14面包酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）为出发菌株,通过紫外线和氮离子注入复合诱变,氯化锌、乙硫氨酸耐性平板筛选,获得一株高产谷胱甘肽的面包酵母优良菌株（S．cerevisiae）BL-23。该菌株经摇瓶发酵谷胱甘肽产量为113．46mg／L,较出发菌株提高62％,每1g干细胞含谷胱甘肽20．86mg,较出发菌株提高56％。传代培养结果表明,该菌株具有稳定的遗传性能。     

低产高级醇酿酒酵母菌株筛选及其单倍体制备

通过比较7株酿酒酵母菌株的发酵性能和高级醇生成量,筛选出发酵周期短、发酵速度快、酒精度最高和总高级醇含量较低的菌株AY-15.以AY-15为出发菌株制作单倍体,经过杜氏管发酵实验和酒精浓醪发酵实验,最终获得a-8和α-22 2株单倍体菌株,其发酵性能与AY-15基本相当,酒精度分别为15.6 %vol和15.5 %vol;高级醇含量均比AY-15高级醇生成量低,分别为302.268 mg/L和298.446 mg/L.a-8和α-22可为后续分子育种降低高级醇生成量奠定良好基础.     

不同酿酒酵母对黑布林果酒品质的影响

选取4种不同酿酒酵母（SY、RW、VL2、AC）酿造黑布林果酒。通过对果酒理化指标、挥发性风味物质、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除率及感官评价,筛选出适合黑布林果酒发酵的酿酒酵母。结果表明：4种酿酒酵母酿造的黑布林果酒酒精度在4.90%vol～5.45%vol之间,属低度果酒;挥发酸为0.57 g/L～0.76 g/L,干浸出物为44.56 g/L～47.20 g/L,均符合QB/T 5476—2020《果酒通用技术要求》的规定。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测出酿酒酵母SY发酵的黑布林果酒中挥发性风味物质的种类（25种）和含量（56.34 mg/L）均最高。该酿酒酵母发酵的果酒中总酚含量为872.32 mg/L,DPPH自由基清除率为78.22%,且感官评分最高。     

酿酒酵母F15和CC17共接种发酵对赤霞珠葡萄酒品质及感官特性的影响

为解决使用单一商业酵母菌株发酵引起的葡萄酒“同质化”问题,本研究以河北昌黎产赤霞珠葡萄为原料,以商业酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)F15和本土优良酿酒酵母CC17为发酵剂进行单菌株和双菌株共接种(F15∶CC17=1∶1)发酵,同时监测酒精发酵过程中比重、温度、残糖、乙醇、总酸、pH、花青...     

半乳糖发酵优良酿酒酵母单倍体的筛选

筛选半乳糖发酵优良酿酒酵母单倍体,对酿酒酵母AY5进行了单倍体的分离、鉴定,并以酿酒酵母AY5和克鲁维酵母匈3为对照,通过产气性能、耐酒精性能以及半乳糖发酵性能的分析,筛选出性能优良的单倍体菌株10株,其中4株a型、6株α型.筛选的优良单倍体菌株发酵半乳糖速度快,发酵液酒度高,还原糖含量低.     

Enzymatic Production of Ethanol from Cassava Starch Using Two Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cassava starch from TMS 30572 and Idileru were hydrolyzed with α-amylase and amylo-glucosidase before fermentation using two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from palm wine and bakers’ yeast. The per cent yield of sugars and total dissolved solids were 66 % and 26% respectively while pH was 7. Spectrophotometric measurement of the cell growth revealed steady but insignificant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in cell concentrations up to 48 h fermentation time with a gradual decline by 72 h. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain from palm wine grew best on TMS 30572 hydrolysate at 20% sugar concentration (optical density 0.663; fermentation time 48 h) while on Idileru hydrolysate it grew best at 25% (optical density 0.698; fermentation time 60 h). The pH values obtained from the fermenting hydrolysates for both yeast strains declined gradually as the fermentation progressed with the lowest pH values (3.01 for S. cerevisiae from palm wine; 3.06 for S. cerevisiae from bakers’ yeast) obtained for TMS 30572 cassava variety at 25% sugar concentration. Changes in pH were significant (p ≤ 0.05). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain from palm-wine had a higher conversion of available sugar into ethanol. The yield of ethanol was found to vary but the highest ethanol concentration obtained was 5.3% at 10% initial sugar concentration, which gave a sugar conversion efficiency of 37.3%. The results obtained suggest that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from sources other than those used conventionally can serve as good substitutes for bio-conversion processes in the industrial production of ethanol.     

Sweet Wine Production by Two Osmotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains

The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce sweet wine is difficult because yeast is affected by a hyperosmotic stress due to the high sugar concentrations in the fermenting must. One possible alternative could be the coimmobilization of the osmotolerant yeast strains S. cerevisiae X4 and X5 on Penicillium chrysogenum strain H3 (GRAS) for the partial fermentation of raisin musts. This immobilized has been, namely, as yeast biocapsules. Traditional sweet wine (that is, without fermentation of the must) and must partially fermented by free yeast cells were also used for comparison. Partially fermented sweet wines showed higher concentration of the volatile compounds than traditionally produced wines. The wines obtained by immobilized yeast cells reached minor concentrations of major alcohols than wines by free cells. The consumption of specific nitrogen compounds was dependent on yeast strain and the cellular immobilization. A principal component analysis shows that the compounds related to the response to osmotic stress (glycerol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, and butanediol) clearly differentiate the wines obtained with free yeasts but not the wines obtained with immobilized yeasts.     

Production of Table Wine from Processed Tea Bags Using Different Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Wine samples were produced from locally available tea infusions (Lipton tea, Top tea and Highland tea) using baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae By1) and yeast cultures from pineapple (S. cerevisiae Py6) and cocoa (S. cerevisiae CY43). Physicochemical analyses and microbial evaluation were undertaken during fermentation. Lipton tea wine produced, using baker’s yeast, pineapple yeast and cocoa yeast had highest alcoholic contents of 7.88%, 6.25% and 7.20%, respectively. Top tea wine produced using the same set of yeasts had highest alcoholic contents of 9.78%, 5.43 and 8.15% respectively, while Highland tea wine produced highest alcoholic contents of 9.78%, 7.07% and 7.61% respectively. Physicochemical analyses for all the wines produced showed that the specific gravity, total solids and pH of the must decreased as fermentation progressed while the titratable acidity remained constant throughout the must fermentation. Colony counts showed a high biomass of yeast cells that decreased as it tended towards the end of fermentation. Sensory analysis of the wines showed that Lipton and Top tea are the most acceptable organoleptically when compared with the commercial wine used as control although the three tested teas were not significantly different statistically. Baker’s yeast was rated as the best yeast for wine fermentation irrespective of the type of tea used. All the wines produced were generally accepted as they were scored above average. This study highlights the potential of using different tea infusions as alternatives to grape and other fruit musts in wine making. It also confirms that commercial yeasts such as baker’s yeast can be used in homemade wine production.     

3 种酵母发酵生产红树莓酒香气成分的GC-MS分析

以D254、71B、D15 3 种果酒酵母进行发酵制备红树莓酒,并分析其香气化学成分。采用顶空-固相微萃取法提取3 种酵母酿造的红树莓酒香气成分;利用气相色谱-质谱进行香气成分的分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行鉴定,利用峰面积归一法测定各香气化学成分的相对含量,共鉴定出105 种香气成分,其中D254、71B、D15酵母发酵的红树莓酒中分别检测出35、48、57 种香气成分,共有8 种成分相同。D254酵母发酵的红树莓酒的主要香气成分为3-甲基-1-丁醇（54.39%）;71B酵母发酵的红树莓酒的主要香气成分为丙烯酸异辛酯（12.41%）、脱羰秋水仙碱（12.06%）、癸酸乙酯（8.21%）;D15酵母发酵的红树莓酒的主要香气成分为三辛酸甘油酯（11.06%）和安非拉酮（8.81%）。综合气相色谱-质谱分析与感官评价结果表明,71B酵母发酵生产的红树莓酒香气较好,适宜大众口味,从而得出71B酵母为生产红树莓酒的最优菌株。     

Comparison of Esterase Patterns of Three Yeast Strains As Obtained with Different Synthetic Substrates

The visualisation of wine yeast esterase (carboxylesterase EC 3.1.1.1) activity was performed by using different chromogenic and fluorescent substrates. The zymograms revealed the presence of several isoforms in yeast extracts, differing in sub‐cellular location, substrate specificity and electrophoretic mobility, indicating a high level of polymorphism.     

Saccharomyces cerevisiae在菠萝果汁牛奶中的生长研究

以克鲁维酵母LAF-4作对照,研究酿酒酵母SCY1在菠萝果汁复合脱脂乳中的生长情况,研究温度以及葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖对两个菌株生长的影响.结果表明,菌株LAF-4适宜的生长温度为32℃～35℃,而菌株SCY1适宜的生长温度为32℃;菌株LAF-4可以利用蔗糖、乳糖及葡萄糖,在牛乳中生长良好,而菌株SCY1不可以利用乳糖,在牛乳中的生长受到限制,但是通过在牛乳中加入蔗糖、葡萄糖或者添加菠萝果汁均可以改变这种情况,使SCY1较快生长;菌株LAF-4发酵的产品有浓郁的香味,酒和气体的量较少,菌株SCY1发酵后的产品有比较多的气体和酒香.     

不同酿酒酵母对柑橘果酒香气成分的影响

研究不同来源酿酒酵母对柑橘果酒香气成分的影响,以锦橙表皮和柑橘园土壤为酵母的来源,经培养、分离、纯化、初筛和复筛得到适于柑橘果酒酿造的酵母菌株。确定其最适生长温度、pH 值及对乙醇和SO2 的耐受性,并用GC-MS 分析其对柑橘果酒香气的影响。结果显示：筛选得到3 株酵母菌L3、L5、L9,其最适生长温度为28～30℃,最适pH 值在3.5 左右,其中L3 耐低温和高温的能力最强,L9 乙醇耐受力最强,L5 对SO2 的耐受能力最强。3 株酵母所酿柑橘果酒的香气成分有特异性差异,庚酸乙酯、萜品油烯等13 种物质为L3 酵母菌所酿柑橘果酒独有;月桂醇、乙酸异丁酯等8 种物质仅见于L5 酵母菌所酿柑橘果酒中;正辛醇、5- 甲基呋喃醛等4 种物质只在L9 酵母菌所酿柑橘果酒中存在。     

电子鼻对酿酒酵母菌株产香特性的评价

利用电子鼻PEN3 系统对不同酿酒酵母酿制葡萄酒的芳香成分进行检测分析。通过电子鼻系统动态采集葡萄酒试样的芳香成分,利用主成分分析(PCA)、线性判断分析(LDA)进行数据分析,两种分析方法都能较好的区分不同酵母对应的葡萄酒试样,表明酿酒酵母的产香能力具有菌株多态性,而电子鼻能够对其差异进行检测并加以区分。同时结合Loadings 分析方法得知,除7 号(对硫化物灵敏)、9 号(对有机硫化物灵敏)和10 号(对烷烃灵敏)外,其他的传感器在菌株的产香差异分析中起主要作用。     

Contribution by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeasts to Fermentation and Flavour Compounds in Wines from cv. Kalecik karasi Grape

The effect of indigenous and commercial S. cerevisiae yeasts on fermentation and flavour compounds of wines was examined in pasteurised grape juice. The flavour compounds were analysed and identified by GC‐FID and GC‐MS, respectively and in general, the amounts of these volatiles were increased by the use of both indigenous and commercial yeasts. The levels of isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl deconoate exceeded flavour thresholds. All grape juices were fermented to dryness. Selected yeasts produced higher ethanol concentrations compared to spontaneous fermentations.     

酿酒酵母发酵过程中褪黑素及其同分异构体变化规律的研究

本文研究了A、B、F三株酿酒酵母在模拟葡萄汁发酵过程中褪黑素及同分异构体产生及变化的规律,并初步探讨了与酵母酒精发酵进程的关系,最后用草莓、蓝莓、桑葚、树莓四种浆果发酵进行了验证。结果发现褪黑素含量在发酵的第1 d达到最大值,A、B、F菌含量分别为0.773、0.647、0.825 ng/m L,随后迅速下降。褪黑素同分异构体含量在发酵的第3 d达到最大值,A、B、F菌含量分别为34.89、19.24、26.79 ng/m L,后期逐渐下降,且同分异构体含量远高于褪黑素(p0.01)。草莓、蓝莓、桑葚、树莓发酵前后褪黑素含量无显著性差异,同分异构体含量分别达到64.4、7.37、81.9、55.5 ng/m L,均显著高于褪黑素的含量。总之,褪黑素及其同分异构体在酒精发酵初期产生,中后期逐渐下降,推测与酵母发酵初期逆境代谢密切相关。     

离子注入诱变选育低产高级醇酿酒酵母菌株

选用低能N 离子注入酒精酵母AY-15,研究其诱变效应.结果表明,AY-15菌株存活率曲线是典型的"马鞍型"剂量-效应曲线,"马鞍型"区域内具有较高的突变率.经过N 离子注入处理后,最终获得1株亮氨酸缺陷型菌株A713,与出发菌株相比,该菌株异戊醇降低39.85%,高级醇总量降低33.62%,发酵性能基本保持不变.通过耐性试验表明,A713耐酒精度达18%,耐盐度为14%,38℃高温发酵性能较30℃变化不大.     

Aroma Composition and Sensory Quality of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Fermented by Indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains in the Eastern Base of the Helan Mountain,China

In order to improve the regional flavor peculiarity of Cabernet Sauvignon wine in the eastern base of the Helan Mountain, an Appellation of Origin in China, eight indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were studied and evaluated. Compared to commercial control F15, indigenous N11424 present significant difference in the concentration of hexyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, diethyl succinate, and methyl benzoate, and the highest content of esters and least of alcohols were found in the wine made by N11424. By sensory analysis, N11424 wine was characterized with honey, pepper, as well as more fruit flavor, such as peach, cherry, clove, redcurrant, and blackcurrant. By odor activity value analysis, most of the high impact odorants were esters and the odor activity values of esters in most of indigenous strains were higher than in control F15.     

合成硒代谷胱甘肽酿酒酵母菌株的筛选与发酵优化

以实验室保存的19株酿酒酵母为出发菌株,通过亚硒酸钠抗性筛选、耐硒驯化、硫酸二乙酯诱变、乙硫氨酸抗性筛选,成功得到一株能合成硒代谷胱甘肽的酿酒酵母菌株CMY-15-1,其有机硒含量达到2 663.3 μg/g。单因素试验确定CMY-15-1最佳发酵条件,在该条件下筛选出碳源、有机氮源和无机氮源、无机盐等成分,并优化亚硒酸钠添加量。通过Plackett-Burman设计试验筛选出对CMY-15-1产硒代谷胱甘肽显著性影响成分。通过最陡爬坡试验,确定培养基中组分的添加量,由中心复合设计试验得到最佳发酵培养基组成,蛋白胨5.46 g/L、亚硒酸钠205.9 mg/L、氯化铵9.56 g/L、葡萄糖35 g/L、酵母粉8 g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.5 g/L、氯化镁0.5 g/L、氯化钙0.5 g/L,测得硒代谷胱甘肽含量为33.71 μg/L,优化后的硒代谷胱甘肽产量是优化前的3.94倍左右。