双组分橘瓣型纺粘水刺材料的过滤和力学性能

为获得过滤和力学综合性能优异的双组分橘瓣型纺粘水刺材料,采用单因素试验方法研究了纤网面密度对纺粘水刺非织造材料孔径、过滤性能、拉伸性能以及撕裂性能的影响,并对其结构形貌进行观察分析。结果表明：双组分纤维呈中空橘瓣状,纺粘水刺材料表面纤维大部分裂离为超细纤维,中间层纤维基本为完整的中空结构;纺粘水刺材料的平均孔径为7 ~ 10μｍ,且随着纤网面密度的增大而逐渐减小,过滤效率对应提高;纤网面密度对纺粘水刺材料的纵横向拉伸强力、断裂伸长率和撕裂强力影响显著,随着纤网面密度的提高,上述力学性能指标均逐渐增大,但受到铺网加工方式影响,纺粘水刺材料的纵横向力学性能差异仍较大。     

水刺机网帘的合理选配及其应用

1.前言 水刺机的工作原理是通过高压水流对网帘或微孔辊筒托持的纤网进行连续喷射,在水针冲击作用下使纤网中的纤维产生运动、位移而重新排列和相互缠结,使纤网得以加固。因此,合理选配水刺时托持纤网的水刺网帘,对提高水刺成品布的质量有重大影响。     

耗水量低与缠结效果好的水针板

1　水针板的质量决定缠结效果水刺工艺可能是非织造布领域内成长最快的技术 ,其奥秘在于其本身的独有特点———极细、高速的水针打击到纤网或其他类似的基质中 ,能量通过水针传输到纤网中 ,从而使其内部的纤维相互缠结在一起 ,生成的产品具有传统纺织品的特性 ,如手感软、透气、耐磨 ,可以印染。水刺非织造布已渗透到服装、家庭装饰和用品市场 ,个人擦布、工业擦布等水刺非织造布成品市场也在不断增长 ,工业专家预测水刺非织造布产量约占世界非织造布总产量的 1 2 %。水刺技术成败的关键就是水针板。水针板是决定水刺非织造布所有物性优劣…     

水刺非织造技术的新进展

水刺非织造布是利用高压水针喷射纤网,使纤网中的纤维充分缠结而成的.近年来,全球水刺法非织造布产能增长迅猛,在生产供给和市场需求两方面的发展都十分迅速.     

梯度结构双组分纺粘水刺非织造材料的制备及其性能

为探究梯度结构对超细纤维非织造材料性能的影响,通过双组分纺粘技术和不同水针压力作用下的水刺开纤技术,用一步法制备了不同面密度（80、120、160 g/m2 ）的梯度结构双组分纺粘水刺非织造材料,并分析了水针压力对结构和透气透湿、力学、过滤性能的影响。结果表明：当面密度一定时,随着水针压力从15 MPa 的增大到28 MPa,双组分纺粘水刺非织造材料的厚度减小,平均孔径减小,透气透湿性能下降;纵/横向断裂强力先增加后减小,断裂伸长率先减小后增加;过滤效率和过滤阻力均增加,其中当面密度为80 g/m2 ,水针压力为11MPa 时,过滤效率（0.85 μm 粒径）和过滤阻力分别达到66.8%和25.1 Pa。     

水刺法非织造布的水刺固结工艺探讨

探讨了影响水刺法非织造布结构性能的水刺固结工艺,着重论述了水针板的选型、水刺压力的设置及水刺托网的选用.     

竹浆纤维水刺非织造材料工艺及性能研究

研究了成网和水刺工艺对竹浆纤维水刺非织造材料力学性能的影响。实验表明,竹浆纤维水刺非织造材料的纵横向断裂强力和撕破强力随着面密度的提高而提高,随着水刺压力的提高而提高,随着输网帘速度的提高而降低。     

PLA长丝成网水刺缠结系数和水针能量的研究

文章通过对可降解聚乳酸纺粘水刺非织造材料的生产工艺参数、力学性能测试数据来计算水刺缠结系数和水针能量,通过此研究为长丝成网水刺非织造材料的工艺设计改进、提高产品质量和节能提供依据。研究结果表明,对于PLA长丝成网水刺非织造材料,随着水压和水刺道数、水针能量、水刺缠结系数的增加,表现为力学性能增加,但相应地能耗也增加。与相同定量的短纤维水刺产品相比,纺粘水刺的缠结系数要大得多,但是相应的能耗也大,且在20MPa以内的水针能量没有达到极限。     

水刺加工工艺对竹浆纤维非织造布性能的影响

竹浆纤维水刺非织造布在加工过程中除原料本身影响较大外,水刺工艺参数也对其产品性能有重要的影响.研究表明水刺加工中的水刺道数、水针水压、水刺距离、水针参数、输网帘速度、托网帘等对产品性能影响较大.     

水刺头的发展现状与趋势

水刺技术的原理是利用高压水针对铺放于托持帘网上的纤维网进行喷射,使纤维受到不同方向射流的作用而相互缠结,纤网得到加固.产生高压水针的装置就是水刺头,其性能直接影响着水刺非织造布产品的性能及生产效率.     

34—WOOL CIGARETTE FILTERS. PART I: A STUDY OF THE PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT FILTER PERFORMANCE

An investigation is described in which cigarette filters were fabricated from combed wool top and two types of adhesive-bonded wool webs. The influence of variables such as fibre arrangement, fibre diameter, pressure drop, and binder content on three selected performance criteria was studied. More effective filtration was achieved by decreasing the fibre diameter and utilizing a random fibre arrangement. Higher pressure drops increased the retention of smoke particles but lowered the collection efficiencies of the fibres. The filter performance was adversely affected by increasing the binder content of the bonded webs. At low or medium pressure drops, filters prepared from a random web were more efficient than conventional cellulose acetate filters. The random web gave firm filters, which retained their firmness during smoking.     

卷烟燃烧动态吸阻研究

为了研究卷烟燃烧过程中动态吸阻的变化特性及其影响因素,选取3R4F标准卷烟作为试验样品,运用建立的动态吸阻计算方法考察了烟支燃烧过程中动态吸阻随燃烧线位置的变化规律,并分别分析了烟支中烟丝密度、不同抽吸状态(有滤嘴通风、无滤嘴通风和烟丝部分)以及不同抽吸模式对烟支动态吸阻的影响规律。结果表明:烟支动态吸阻随燃烧线长度呈现先增大、后降低并趋于平稳、最后再增大的趋势;烟支两端烟丝密度大的部分具有较大的动态吸阻值,烟支中间密度稳定部分具有较均匀的动态吸阻值;对于3种不同抽吸状态,静态吸阻与动态吸阻的差异性显著,按照偏差分析由小到大的排序为:有滤嘴通风无滤嘴通风烟丝部分;不同抽吸模式下测试所得的静态吸阻值相近,烟支前半部分的动态吸阻相差不大,后半部分的动态吸阻相差较大,有利于根据不同抽吸模式的人群进行卷烟设计,从而达到提高卷烟感官质量的目的。     

Evaluation of the water binding properties of meat binders, substitutes and extenders by different physical and chemical methods

From investigations concerning water binding capacity measured by an improved Baumann technique, differential scanning calorimetry, nitrogen solubility, moisture sorption isotherms, specific surface area, and specific volume of powdered proteinaceous materials proposed as binders and/or substitutes in frankfurter-type sausages it has been concluded, that in water uptake on the Baumann apparatus activation energies comparable to diffusion processes and enzymic reactions and not comparable to chemical reactions are favoured. Water taken up on the Baumann apparatus predominantly is freezable, that is free and only physical bound water. Powdered proteinaceous materials do not take up water discontinuously by strictly limited surface areas and perforations. At first the geometrical surface is completely wetted. Not till then water will be bound by capillary effects. Thus only up to a certain degree of moistening (aw 0.92) the more water is bound, the lower the material's solubility. Afterwards solubility, capillary suction pressure and swelling (increasing pore space) will compete.     

我国抽气式转杯纺纱机发展的研讨

介绍了我国抽气式转杯纺纱机由单头、多头机到成批生产具有先进水平的转杯纺纱机的研制过程,以及抽气式转杯纺纱别于自排风式转杯纺纱机的特点,转杯内积尘、积杂率低;没有铝灰纱疵;容易实现转杯高速 化;转杯内负压稳定,并进一步提高加发展我国转杯纺纱的途径和设想。     

Membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactors: impact of mean cell residence time and the contributing factors

In this study, four bench-scale pre-anoxic submerged membrane bioreactors (MBR) were operated simultaneously at different mean cell residence times (MCRTs) (3, 5, 10, and 20 days) to systematically elucidate the contributing factors of membrane fouling. Severe membrane fouling was first observed in the 3-day followed by the 5-day MCRT MBRs. Minimal membrane fouling was detected in the 10 and 20-day MCRT MBRs. The fouling of microfiltration membrane was not controlled by mixed liquor suspended solids concentration or zeta potential of biomass. Instead, membrane fouling rate increased with increasing soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances concentrations, which both increased with decreasing MCRT. Total organic carbon, protein, carbohydrate, and UV254 absorbance in the mixed liquor supernatant increased with decreasing MCRT and were consistently higher than those of the effluent. Accumulation of carbohydrates rather than proteins in the mixed liquor supernatant was found to decrease with increasing MCRT. Normalized capilliary suction time value rather than the capilliary suction time value would indicate membrane fouling potential of a mixed liquor. Image analysis of the fouled membrane using scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope showed that biofilm formation was the cause of membrane fouling.     

多针头静电纺丝工艺过程探讨

借助于Maxwell电场仿真模拟软件和具体实验研究了针头间距和针头数量对静电纺运动射流所处电场分布以及纤维最终沉积形态的影响。结果表明,随着针头间距的增加,电场相互干扰程度减弱,得到的环形纤网会由椭圆形向圆形转变。在多针头静电纺丝工艺中,靠中排布的针头得到的纤网与边缘针头对应的纤网的外观存在明显差别。基于此结果,设计了钢带式多针头连续静电纺丝装置,此装置可以通过调整针头排布并配合钢带旋转制备出不同幅宽和不同规格的均匀纳米纤维网。     

基于消费者感知的细支卷烟轻松感、满足感设计思路

为探索消费者感知的细支卷烟轻松感、满足感关系，通过开展不同品牌的消费者自由品吸评价试验、主流烟气检测和专家模拟消费者评吸，分析了吸烟过程的抽吸压力形成原理，探讨了消费者抽吸行为特点，归纳了与轻松感形成有关的重要因素，并提出以消费者感知为导向的细支卷烟设计理念。结果表明:①消费者感知的轻松感是与抽吸压力、烟气清爽和下咽顺畅有关的综合感受，与香气量、浓度、劲头等满足感指标存在负相关，并以刺激、余味等舒适感指标为基础。②吸阻不能真实反映消费者的抽吸压力，主流烟气的单口指标值可一定程度上表征卷烟的满足感。③在同等填充状态下，消费者感知的卷烟抽吸压力与其抽吸流量有直接关系，受产品尺寸规格、通风设计等因素制约。④以产品舒适感特征为基础，探索建立以低通风、高满足为方向的、消费者可感知的细支卷烟轻松感设计理念，适合中国消费者的细支卷烟吸食习惯。      

Influence of process parameters on properties of open-end and core-sheath friction spun acrylic yarns

The present paper is concerned with the influence of opening roller speed, difference in drum speed and suction air pressure on properties of acrylic open-end and core-sheath friction spun yarns. The results show that opening roller speed and suction air pressure have significant influence on properties of open-end friction spun yarns. In the case of core-sheath yarns, suction air pressure has influence on yarn tenacity and hairiness. However, yarn unevenness and imperfection are not significantly influenced by experimental variables. The results also show that core-sheath friction spun yarns have significantly higher yarn tenacity, modulus and work of rupture and have a lower level of yarn unevenness, imperfections, hairiness, and breaking elongation than open-end friction spun yarns.     

超高压对刺参泡发及其品质的影响

本文以干制刺参为原料研究了超高压处理过程中,不同压力、温度及保压时间对刺参的持水力和质构的影响,并比较水发刺参和超高压处理刺参主要功能成分（胶原蛋白和海参多糖）的变化。结果表明,压力对刺参持水力的影响呈先增大后减小的趋势,压力为300MPa处理时持水力最大;随着温度的升高,持水力不断增大,但是当温度升高的一定程度时,持水力基本保持不变：另外,随着保压时间的延长,持水力先增大后减小,保压时间为10min处理刺参持水力达到最大。采用300MPa,60℃,10min处理刺参,硬度、黏附性、咀嚼性最大,此时刺参的质构最好,口感最佳。超高压处理对刺参的功能成分影响不大,但与鲜刺参相比,多糖含量和胶原蛋白的含量差异较小;与水发刺参相比,多糖和胶原蛋白含量均明显提高,说明超高压处理能够减少有效成分的损失。     

水刺加固对膜裂PTFE基布损伤性的影响

将水溶性维纶纤网和膜裂PTFE基布复合进行水刺,利用水溶性维纶在水中可溶解的性能去除表层维纶纤网,使膜裂PTFE基布从试样中分离出来,通过测试PTFE基布的强力来获取水刺后基布的损伤情况,观察水刺后基布的表观形态,并与水刺对熔纺PTFE基布的损伤和针刺加固工艺对PTFE基布的损伤进行比较。试验表明:随着水刺压力增大,膜裂PTFE基布强力损失率迅速增大,损伤以纬纱为主;表层纤网中纤维横向排列有助于降低水刺对基布的损伤;在相同水刺工艺参数下,水刺对纤维为长方形截面的膜裂PTFE基布的损伤比对纤维为圆形截面的熔纺PTFE基布的损伤大;针刺加固工艺比水刺加固工艺对膜裂PTFE基布的损伤小。