钢中酸溶名和全铝的光谱测定

本文利用原子发射光谱法定量测定中低合金钢中的酸溶铝和全铝。对测定铝的分析条件、样品制备、校准曲线的拟合等问题进行了讨论。本方法全铝的分析范围为0．001％－1．00％。     

钢中酸溶铝和全铝的光谱测定

本文利用原子发射光谱法定量测定中低合金钢中的酸溶铝和全铝。采用FEALSOL程序，利用峰值积分法，对钢中酸溶铝和全铝进行了分析。选择了合适的分析爷件，方法的精密度和准确度符合国标要求，完全可以满足实际生产的要求。     

钢包喂线节铝新工艺

报道了钢包喂铝法及合理加铝量的试验研究结果，利用喂线装置将Φ９．５ｍｍ铝线加入到包钢液深部，终脱氧喂铝量由标准１．０ｋｇ／ｔ减少到合理加铝量０．３－０．５ｋｇ／ｔ，残铝量为０．０２％－０．０５％，铝的收得率由１０％提高到７０％，取得了良好的节铝效果与经济效益。     

酸溶铝在ML08A1钢中行为的研究

对ML08AI钢中酸溶铝的行为进行了分析，探讨了酸溶铝对夹杂物和钢材性能的影响，认为在生产此钢种时，应有效提高钢的纯净度，控制钢中全铝含量在0．03％～0．06％，酸溶铝与总铝的比值不小于95％。     

钢中酸溶铝酸不溶铝光电直读光谱分析法的研究

用光电直读光谱分析法，采取多次曝光和分段累积计算曝光强度技术，对钢中的酸溶铝、酸不溶铝进行直接测定，获得满意结果，含量０．０４８％的酸溶铝，标准偏差０．０００９％，含量０．００５％的酸不溶铝，标准偏差０．００１％。并对分析条件和试样加工要求等问题进行了探讨。     

钢中全铝和酸溶铝的光谱分析

试样表面经过处理后，在氮气气氛保护下，用确定的分析参数，以铁元素做内标，高能预火花为激发光源，采用二次曝光技术直接分析钢中全铝和酸溶铝。实验证明该方法简单快速，分析精度完全能够满足生产要求。     

Al、Ti元素对高锰铝青铜组织和性能的影响

为了解合金元素Al、Ti对高锰铝青铜组织和性能的影响，采用石墨坩埚炉熔炼，制取了Al、Ti含量不同的高锰铝青铜试样，通过对试样进行金相组织检验和硬度测试分析，发现Al、Ti元素含量对高锰铝青铜组织和硬度的影响较大，确定了用该高锰铝青铜材料制造冶金备件产品时，Al元素的最佳含量为7．5％～8．2％、Ti元素的最佳含量为0.20％～0．25％．     

钢芯铝块中铁铝比例和铝纯度的测定

利用钢铁和铝的熔点不同的特性，将钢芯铝块置于设定的温度下，使铝熔化与钢芯铁棒分离、冷却。分别称量钢芯铁棒和铝的重量，计算铁和铝的比例。铝纯度的测定，是在熔化冷却的铝块上钻取试样，以氢氧化钠溶解酸化定容，取部分试液用EDTA滴定法测定铝的含量。测定结果表明，铝相对标准偏差小于0.020％-0.317％，测定结果符合国家标准允许偏差。     

南方稀土矿抑铝浸出研究

南方稀土矿浸出过程中，铝是影响产品质量的主要杂质。本研究在浸矿剂中加入抑制铝浸出的添加剂．抑制浸矿过程中铝的浸出。经优化试验，结果表明：对于南方某稀土矿。在浸矿剂中加入0．05％的抑铝剂HZA，控制浸矿剂溶液pH值为5．5时，所得浸出液中铝的含量减少56．85％，而稀土浸出率几乎不损失。     

含铝钢定氧加铝工艺试验

对含铝钢经预吹氩定氧后，根据钢中氧含量确定加铝量，再补吹氩的铝脱氧合金化工艺进行研究和探索。实践表明该工艺较原根据吹氩后钢水成分微调铝的二次加铝工艺简化了工序操作，缩短了工序时间，提高了酸溶铝命中率，减少铝耗，降低成本，能满足全连铸生产对钢质和生产节奏的要求。     

钛渣酸解过程中物相变化特征探讨

明确物相变化是剖析钛渣酸解机理和改进酸解工艺的关键点之一.综合应用化学分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析、矿物解离分析以及扫描电镜形貌分析对某74钛渣酸解过程中主要物相的含量、形貌变化以及Ti、Si两种元素的含量及赋存变化进行了研究.结果表明:钛渣主要由黑钛石和辉石组成,酸解过程中黑钛石含量逐渐减小,辉石含量逐渐增加;反应...     

2004年铁合金市场回顾与2005年展望

2004年国际和国内铁合金价格波动较大，全年价格总体水平较往年有较大增长。2004年我国铁合金行业产销两旺，全年产量和出口量均创历史新高，市场价格较往年也有明显改善。但是，铁合金行业发展过热已引起国家有关部门和业界的高度重视，并相继出台了一系列相关的产业政策和调控、指导性措施，对整个铁合金行业的发展产生了深远影响。文章从生产、消费及进出口等方面对2004年中国铁合金市场进行了分析并对2005年市场前景进行了预测。     

Design and optimisation of charging ingredients and structure in an ironmaking system (Part II)

In order to maximise the reduction of pig iron cost in an ironmaking process, and at the same time ensure the output and quality of the pig iron, a design and optimisation system for the charging ingredients and structure in an ironmaking system was established using metallurgical theory. The system includes six modules, namely, sinter metallurgical performance testing and analysis, sintering burdening design, sinter component and property prediction, blast furnace burdening design, blast furnace batching calculation and ironmaking system burden optimisation. Based on actual production, testing and material balance theory, the system integrated these modules on VB and MATLAB using a series of intelligent algorithms, such as the BP neural network, multiple objective linear programming, genetic algorithms and so on. As a result, the optimum burden composition and structure of the sinter and blast furnace that satisfied all the constraint conditions could be obtained. Standing as a pinnacle of the global ironmaking production, the system can design and optimise not only the sintering burden, but also the blast furnace burden. Compared with the traditional production testing and hand calculation in the ironmaking system, the project can greatly reduce the production risk and greatly increase the calculation accuracy. Industrial application shows that the system is especially beneficial to reduce the ironmaking cost and at the same time ensure the output and quality.     

长流程钢铁企业检化验设施的现代化设计

检化验系统对钢铁企业的进厂原料检验、中间产品检测、出厂产品质量判定等有着重要意义。对钢铁企业检化验系统的设置原则、组成和发展趋势进行了介绍,集中化、智能化和信息化是现代化钢铁企业检化验系统的特点。重点论述了原料取制样系统、原料分析中心、冶炼分析中心和轧钢检测中心的建设设计理念。随着中国智能制造发展,全自动智能检测系统、信息流过程自动化及实验室管理自动化已成为当今钢铁企业检化验系统设计不可避免的趋势。     

Lunar Astronomical Observatories: Design Studies

The best location in the inner solar system for the grand observatories of the 21st century may be the Moon. A multidisciplinary team including university students and faculty in engineering, astronomy, physics, and geology, and engineers from industry is investigating the Moon as a site for astronomical observatories and is doing conceptual and preliminary designs for these future observatories. Studies encompass lunar facilities for radio astronomy and astronomy at optical, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are significant engineering challenges in design and construction on the Moon, the rewards for astronomy can be great, such as detection and study of Earth‐like planets orbiting nearby stars, and the task for engineers promises to stimulate advances in analysis and design, materials and structures, automation and robotics, foundations, and controls. Fabricating structures in the reduced‐gravity environment of the Moon will be easier than in the zero‐gravity environment of Earth orbit, as Apollo and space‐shuttle missions have revealed. Construction of observatories on the Moon can be adapted from techniques developed on the Earth, with the advantage that the Moon's weaker gravitational pull makes it possible to build larger devices than are practical on Earth.     

热轧不锈钢板酸洗工艺

为去除热轧不锈钢板表面的氧化层与贫铬层,钝化基体,改善表面质量,在热轧退火后需进行酸洗处理。介绍了热轧不锈钢板表面氧化层和贫铬层的组成与结构特征及其对酸洗过程的影响,并对热轧不锈钢板的酸洗体系设计和酸洗工艺开发进行了阐述。中国热轧不锈钢板普遍采用前处理(机械除鳞、中性盐电解等)→硫酸(电解)预酸洗→硝酸-氢氟酸终酸洗的酸洗工艺,旨在通过前处理和预酸洗去除大部分的氧化层,在终酸洗阶段去除残余氧化层及贫铬层,同时实现基体钝化。目前,热轧不锈钢板的酸洗工艺存在酸洗效果不稳定、贫铬层去除不完全、局部腐蚀较为严重等问题,且会产生不同程度的环境污染问题。应该根据不同钢种不同退火工艺条件下的表面氧化层与贫铬层的性质与分布特征,研究开发相应的酸洗体系和酸洗工艺。热轧不锈钢板的环保型酸洗新工艺具有广阔的发展前景。     

Impressions of psychotherapists' offices.

For counseling settings, research suggests that softness, personalization, and order might affect the experience and the perceived expertness, trustworthiness, and social attractiveness of the therapist. This article discusses exploratory studies on college students' perception of the counseling office environment and whether the likely client experience was associated with the softness/personalization and order of the office. As stimuli, the studies used 30 color photographs of psychotherapists' offices viewed from the client's perspective. After obtaining ratings of the characteristics of each office, we obtained ratings from different groups of students of the quality of care and comfort expected in each office (Study 1) and how qualified, bold, and friendly the therapist in the office would be (Study 2). Additional studies examined the likelihood of choosing a therapist based on the office, and the first thought or feeling that came to mind about the office, the therapist, and the patient experience. There were strong correlations in response between groups (by whether they had experienced therapy; their level in school; their gender; and their major, location, and school size). The quality of care, comfort, therapist boldness, qualifications of the therapist, and the likelihood that one would choose a therapist based on the office improved with increases in the office's softness/personalization and order. Friendliness improved with increases in softness/personalization. The office choices, open-ended responses, and reported reasons for the ratings confirmed the importance of softness (comfort) and order. Research should test longer term exposure and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

液压钢包倾翻装置的结构分析与控制

针对恶劣工况及作业要求对液压倾翻装置的结构、动作、控制进行了全面详细的探究,对典型液压倾翻装置在实际使用过程中的优缺点进行了深入分析。设计了一种钢包倾翻装置和液压控制系统,解决了倾翻机的卡阻问题,提高了倾翻装置的稳定性、承载能力和适用范围。通过计算和设计优化,解决了系统的发热问题,采用多级保护提升了倾翻控制的安全性能,实现了倾翻装置的稳定和精确控制,降低了设备的使用故障。     

Simultaneous and Sequential Photosonolysis of TCE and PCE

Aqueous solutions of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were treated in a flow-through reactor equipped with ultrasound and ultraviolet light sources. The reactor was operated as sonolysis (US), photolysis (UV), and simultaneous photosonolysis (UV/US) reactors; then as US, UV, and sequential UV/US reactors with the installation of a partition in the reactor. The reactor without the partition was simulated by using one continuously stirred-tank-reactor (1-CSTR) model, and the reactor with the partition was simulated by using the sequential CSTR model. Through model calibration, the decomposition rate constants and reactor efficiencies for the removal of TCE and PCE were evaluated. The results suggest that the combined effect of UV and US on the decomposition of TCE and PCE is synergistic in both the simultaneous and sequential UV/US modes, that the rate constants of sonolysis and photolysis are greater with the sequential combination than with the simultaneous combination, and that overall efficiency is higher for the reactor with the partition than for the one without it.     

浅谈加强建设工程招投标管理工作的重要性

对于建设工程的招标人来说,重要的是如何找到理想的、有能力承担建设工程任务的合格单位,用经济合理的价格,获得满意的服务和产品。根据建设工程的通常做法,建设工程的招标人均是严格按照法律法规的规定,通过招投标形式选择建设工程任务的实施单位,包括设计、监理、施工承包和供货等单位。可见利用招投标形式选择合格的实施单位,一方面从法律上保证了项目和项目法人的合法性,另一方面,也从技术上和经济上为项目的顺利实施提供了支持和保障。