四轴联动加工中心几何误差软件补偿技术研究

以多体系统理论为基础,通过分析位移变换矩阵和位置变换矩阵,建立了四轴联动加工中心的几何误差模型.基于Windows平台开发了误差补偿软件,可以对测量数据进行机床几何误差的软件补偿,有效地提高了在线检测精度.软件系统在MAKINO立式加工中心上进行了实验验证,补偿效果明显.     

卧式加工中心误差建模与补偿技术的研究

对卧式加工中心进行误差补偿是提高其加工精度的重要手段.文章基于多体系统理论,在分析了卧式加工中心误差的特性后,针对该机床建立了综合空间误差模型及刀具姿态误差模型,给出了数控指令的修正算法,并在此基础上开发了误差补偿软件,进行了仿真试验.试验展示了刀具轨迹补偿前后对比及数控指令修正前后的G代码对比.试验结果表明:文中针对卧式加工中心的误差建模正确可行,采用的补偿方法切实有效,通过修正数控指令的方式,跨越了数控系统硬件制约,达到了误差补偿的目的.     

基于平面光栅的加工中心几何误差辨识研究

本文运用齐次坐标变换原理和刚体假设，利用加工中心刀尖点到工件的封闭特性，推导出了包含21项几何误差的数学模型，基于平面光栅测量辨识出全部几何误差，同时还介绍了平面光栅的结构，工作原理和特点等。建立误差的模型和辨识误差的方法具有通用性，可以推广到其它多轴数控机床误差建模和误差辨识的分析之中。     

龙门机床几何误差建模与补偿研究

运用多体系统运动学理论描述了龙门机床结构关系,并建立了该机床几何误差数学模型。分析了模型中包含了各个运动轴的共计34项误差元素。最后,简化了龙门机床几何误差模型,给出了机床几何误差补偿策略。模型的建立和误差补偿策略的提出为机床实施误差补偿提供的基础。     

一种成形砂轮磨齿机的几何误差建模与补偿研究

从成形砂轮磨齿机的磨削原理出发,分析了齿形误差和齿向误差与磨削过程的关系,进而提出将成形砂轮磨齿机分为两个部分,运用多体系统理论分别建立了其几何误差模型,并进行了简化。并针对秦川YK73200成形砂轮磨齿机,提出一种综合误差补偿方案。     

加工中心主轴热误差实验分析与建模

以TH6350卧式加工中心为对象，构建了一套基于虚拟仪器系统的温度场和主轴的各项热误差。运用多元回归分析方法建立了加工中心主轴的热误差模型，采用模型聚类分析方法和逐步回归方法对模型进行了分析和优化，并提出了基于PC的误差补偿策略。     

基于可补偿误差项的机床几何误差建模与补偿技术

提出一种可分离数控机床刀具与工件之间可补偿与不可补偿几何误差源的方法;依据可补偿误差项建立误差补偿模型;采用激光干涉仪+直角镜的垂直度直接辨识方法检测出几何误差,导出补偿量计算式,选用西门子840DNC的几何误差补偿模块进行补偿实验,其中8项指标补偿后的几何误差减小比例在16.5%～92%,补偿效果显著。实践证明本文作者所提出的机床可补偿几何误差的建模与补偿方法是有效和可行的,其补偿方法同样可以用于不同类型的机床。     

精密卧式加工中心空间误差的建模、测量与补偿技术

采用空间误差补偿技术,可有效提高数控机床的空间定位精度.以一台精密卧式加工中心为对象,系统阐述其几何误差补偿中的关键问题及解决方案.通过三维误差建模与分析,得到该机床的21项几何误差中有17项需要测量和补偿,另外4项误差对机床定位精度的影响甚微.以此为依据,设计误差测量及补偿方案,并给出误差的具体测量方法和补偿结果.结...     

加工中心定位误差的设计与补偿

加工中心的定位误差是关系到其加工精度的重要因素。为此,提出了一种基于误差设计思想的软件补偿方法,由激光干涉仪采集到的定位误差,设计了误差补偿模型,并结合加工G代码的相关特性建立了加工空间的全局误差数据库,在该数据库中,误差补偿信息充分,可以自动地完成对不同加工G代码的误差修正,保证了每一次的加工补偿精度。最后进行了误差补偿实验,结果表明经过误差补偿后的加工中心定位误差明显减小,实验还证明了该方法所具有的实用性和通用性。     

精密立式加工中心运动轴的定位误差补偿研究

以某精密立式加工中心为对象,在西门子840D(Sinumerik 840D)数控系统平台下,基于分段补偿算法,利用Renishaw激光干涉仪对机床运动轴的位置精度进行定点测量,实现了对定位误差的补偿。实验结果表明了所述方法的有效性。     

Position geometric error modeling,identification and compensation for large 5-axis machining center prototype

This paper presents a position geometric error modeling, identification and compensation method for large 5-axis machining center prototype. First, regarding the prototype as a rigid multi-body system, a geometric error model has been established, which supports the identification of position geometric error associated with a translational axis by using laser interferometer, and a rotational axis by using laser tracker. Second, based on this model, an improved identification approach named as virtual rigid-body is put forward for calculating positioning error of each large translational axis. Detailed derivation of a generalized matrix equation is given. Third, analytical models based on the least-squares theory were adopted to compute error values at an arbitrary position for error compensation. Finally, the identified position geometric errors were compensated by using recursive software-based error compensation method. The results show that the position accuracy of large machining center prototype has been improved with compensation and up to the design requirements.     

能够进行热误差补偿的加工中心在线检测软件的研究

研究了加工中心在线检测软件误差补偿技术，基于Windows平台开发了误差补偿软件，并对软件开发中的关键技术：建立检测系统的几何误差与热误差综合模型，测头误差处理技术进行了研究。可以同时对测头误差、机床几何误差与热误差进行补偿，有效地提高了在线检测精度。软件系统在MAKINO立式加工中心上进行了实验验证。     

Thermal error mode analysis and robust modeling for error compensation on a CNC turning center

In this paper a novel concept of thermal error mode analysis is proposed in order to develop a better understanding of the thermal deformation on a turning center. The thermal error of the machine can be treated as the superposition of a series of thermal error modes with corresponding mode shapes and time constants. The selection of sensor location can then be improved based on the thermal error mode analysis. A robust modeling approach is also proposed to minimize the errors due to temperature measuring noise and the adverse effect of environmental changes. Through the use of thermal error mode analysis and the robust modeling approach, the number of thermal sensors has been reduced from 16 to four. The thermal error compensation system has been applied to a turning center in daily production for more than two years and it has kept year-round accuracy. The thermal drift in workpiece diameter on the turning center has been reduced from 35 μm to 6 μm from its center of tolerance.     

Optimal temperature variable selection by grouping approach for thermal error modeling and compensation

One of the difficult issues in a thermal error compensation scheme is to select appropriate temperature variables as well as to obtain accurate thermal error component models. In this research, an optimization method is presented to overcome this difficulty. The optimization objective function is formulated by a modified model adequacy criterion based on the Mallows' C_p statistic. A new search method is developed for discrete search domains with non-directional or unknown-order variables. The search process includes correlation grouping, representative searching, group searching and variable searching. It not only ensures optimal results but also reduces computational time greatly. One modeling example is presented. The optimal model is found with a 0.982 R²-value using four temperature variables selected from 46 candidates of temperature variables. The largest error residual is reduced down to 2.2 microns from 20.0 microns. The comparison of modeling results from the proposed approach and three other modeling methods is addressed as well.     

Integrated post-processor for 5-axis machine tools with geometric errors compensation

Geometric errors of 5-axis machine tools introduce great deviation in real workpiece manufacture and on-machine measurement like touch-trigger probe measurement. Compensation of those errors by toolpath modification is an effective and distinguished method considering the machine calibration costs and productivity. Development of kinematic transformation model is involved in this paper to clarify the negative influences caused by those errors at first. The deviation of the designed toolpath and the real implemented toolpath in workpiece coordinate system is calculated by this model. An iterative compensation algorithm is then developed through NC code modification. The differential relationship between the NC code and the corresponding real toolpath can be expressed by Jacobi matrix. The optimal linear approximation of the compensated NC code is calculated by utilizing the Newton method. Iteratively applying this approximation progress until the deviation between the nominal and real toolpath satisfies the given tolerance. The variations of the geometric errors at different positions are also taken into account. To this end, the nominal toolpath and the geometric errors of the specific 5-axis machine tool are considered as the input. The new compensated NC code is generated as the output. The methodology can be directly utilized as the post-processor. Experimental results demonstrate the sensibility and effectiveness of the compensation method established in this study.     

加工中心加工可转位镗刀刀杆的问题分析

文章对加工中心加工可转位镗刀刀杆中出现的问题进行了分析与探讨,提出了相应的解决方案.经过生产实践证明保证了加工精度,减少了废品率,提高了刀具寿命及可靠性.     

Analysis of setting errors in precision ballscrew machining and the automatic adjustable center

Generally, in machining precision machine elements such as ballscrews, machining errors could occur for various reasons. In this research, the influence of improper setting errors in ballscrew machining, such as misalignment between centers, runout of spindle, and unsuitable contact conditions between the center and the center hole, was analyzed. From the analysis, among the setting errors, the misalignment between centers was found to be an important one. An automatic adjustable center for 2D arbitrary positioning was designed and manufactured to eliminate the alignment error in machining workpieces supported by two centers. This adjustment system could be practically applied to reduce machining errors.     

Derivation of machine tool error models and error compensation procedure for three axes vertical machining center using rigid body kinematics

Volumetric positional accuracy constitutes a large portion of the total machine tool error during machining. In order to improve machine tool accuracy cost-effectively, machine tool geometric errors as well as thermally induced errors have to be characterized and predicted for error compensation. This paper presents the development of kinematic error models accounting for geometric and thermal errors in the Vertical Machining Center (VMC). The machine tool investigated is a Cincinnati Milacron Sabre 750 3 axes CNC Vertical Machining Center with open architecture controller. Using Rigid Body Kinematics and small angle approximation of the errors, each slide of the three axes vertical machining center is modeled using homogeneous coordinate transformation. By synthesizing the machine's parametric errors such as linear positioning errors, roll, pitch and yaw etc., an expression for the volumetric errors in the multi-axis machine tool is developed. The developed mathematical model is used to calculate and predict the resultant error vector at the tool–workpiece interface for error compensation.