自由空间导线天线辐射模式分析

采用分段正弦基矩量法计算线天线电流,借助分段正弦电流辐射场表达式,将各分段电流产生的辐射场进行线性叠加,进而获得天线总的辐射场。该辐射场利用球面波展开法进行展开,同时采用数值积分方法求取辐射场球面波展开式中各模式的系数值。以3种基本单元天线:偶极子天线、圆环天线以及螺旋天线为例,定量分析了3种基本单元天线的辐射模式,验证了这一方法的正确性。     

Numerical analysis of arbitrarily shaped probe-excited single-armprinted wire antennas

A general integral equation technique is described for analysis of an arbitrarily shaped single-arm printed wire antenna excited through a vertical probe. A unified current integral equation is formulated on the basis of dyadic Green's functions and the reciprocity theorem. The current distribution is obtained by using a parametric moment method in which parameter segments are adopted for the printed wire instead of the commonly employed wire length segments. The radiation field solution involving both the printed antenna and vertical probe is also presented. The validity of the formulation is verified by comparing the numerically obtained input impedance and radiation patterns for a linear antenna and a meander antenna with measured data. A circular open loop and an Archimedian spiral are investigated to illustrate the applicability of the present technique     

探针馈电印刷线天线的矩量法分析——（Ⅰ）单臂天线

利用同轴内导体延和为探针对印刷天线进行直接馈电是一种易于实现的馈电方式。本文介绍了一种分析单臂探针馈电印刷线天线的数值方法,该方法是基于并矢格林函数和互易定量求解电流积分方程的矩量法,适合于分析任意形状印刷线天线,首先给出描述电流分布的积分方程及其矩量法求解公式,在解得电流分布基础上,应用驻相法计算远区辐射场,通过计算与实验比较,验证了分析方法和计算程序的正确性,最后对一圆极化开口印刷圆环天线进行分析计算,表明了方法的实用价值。     

Radiation of a travelling-wave antenna in plasma in the whistler frequency band

The far field, the radiation pattern, and the radiation impedance of a traveling-wave antenna oriented in plasma along the external magnetic field in the resonance region of the whistler frequency band are studied. It is shown how the main characteristics of the antenna depend on its length and the current propagation constant along the antenna wire.     

A hybrid technique for wire antennas in a cavity

Two numerical techniques for solving the current distribution on wire antennas, namely point matching and reaction matching, have been combined in a particular fashion to yield a new technique termed the "hybrid method." The hybrid method is well suited for a wire antenna mounted in a cavity. Over the antenna, piecewise sinusoidal basis functions with reaction matching are used, and on the support structure, point matching is used with pulse basis functions. The hybrid method has been applied to calculate the input impedance and the radiation efficiency of the three-turn loop antenna in an open circular cavity. Calculated input resistance of the antenna is found to agree quite well with measured data. Effects of varying the extent of recession of the antenna and varying the radius and the material of the antenna wire on the bandwidth, the efficiency, the antiresonance frequencies, and the general input reactance level of the antenna have been examined for a specific antenna geometry. The results are considered to be indicative of the general characteristics of a multiturn loop antenna with nearby support structure. The computer program that has been developed may be applied to a systematic parametric study of this type of antenna in order to optimize it for a particular application.     

应用矩量法对任意线天线辐射特性的分析

采用矩量法对线形导体上的辐射特性进行了分析，该方法是基于伽略金法，以三角矢量函数作为空间的基函数和检验函数对任意形状的线结构的电场积分方程进行求解，并以此求解天线上的电流分布和天线的功率辐射方向图。给出了篇例，结果表明，该方法是有效的，为超宽带天线的分析奠定了基础。     

The Radiation Properties of a Novel Wire Antenna for the Security Fence Radar

The radiation properties of a novel wire antenna are investigated. The main part of this antenna is a sinusoidal wire undulator, which radiates by coupling electromagnetic energy from a Goubau line located near the antenna. Far-field patterns and S-parameters composed of three sets of antenna are measured. The measured patterns are compared with the calculated ones and the phase and attenuation constants of all the antennas are calculated. Frequency behavior and the dependency on the antenna dimensions of those wave parameters are investigated. Measured and calculated field patterns are also compared with the MoM patterns and some properties of the wave propagating along structure are explained by using MoM current distributions. It is shown that a broadside transversal radiation occurs in a narrow frequency band. The radiation intensity strongly depends on the coupling distance between the Goubau line and the sinusoidal undulator. This antenna is used as the basic element of the security fence radar antenna array working at 1.25 GHz in the L-band, which detects intruders approaching the fence. The performance of the antenna in the array is investigated and the near field distribution of the array is measured. The received signals caused by an intruder are given. The effects of rain and wind are also considered. The results suggests that the security fence radar introduced in this study can be used for the perimeter control of closed areas such as airports, malls, etc.      

Antenne unipolaire cylindrique alimentée par un cable coaxial. problème des singularités et applications en basse fréquence

In the integral equation approach to the antenna radiation problem, the current on the antenna and an accurate modelization of the generator are needed. Moreover the kernel of the integral equations is singular. This paper, presents a rigorous solution of these equations in the case of a wire antenna mounted on a perfectly conducting plane, and feeded by a coaxial cable. The current on the antenna and the field inside the cable are accurately determined. At low frequencies, the techniques used to avoid the singularity in the kernel allows a fast computation of the unknown current and field.     

Theoretical design and predictions of volute antenna performance

To provide generic design guidelines for volute antenna elements over a wide range of parameters, a theoretical formulation and algorithm for computing the antenna radiation field have been developed. The procedure relies on the vector combination of the radiation fields of the helical wires and the end connecting wires with a continuous sinusoidal current distribution along each wire of the volute. The antenna patterns of circularly polarized fields, directivity, 3-dB beamwidth, axial ratio, front-to-back power ratio, etc. can all be calculated from a given set of volute parameters. A practical design example utilizing this procedure is presented     

基于矩量法的分形环八木天线的特性分析

八木天线是一种常用的天线形式.本文将Minkowski分形环应用于八木天线设计中,利用分形结构的空间填充特性来减小天线的横向尺寸,从而实现天线小型化设计.设计了工作于880～960MHz的6元二阶Minkowski分形环八木天线,以矩量法为核心对设计天线进行数值分析,将线天线模拟为细带线模型,天线表面采用三角单元进行剖分,RwG基函数作为电流展开函数.同方环八木天线进行了比较,在驻波特性、辐射特性相似情况下,分形环八木天线的尺寸缩减了29.8%.     

低电平扫描电流高强辐射场试验方法研究

低电平扫描电流试验(LLSC)是飞机高强辐射场(HIRF)试验的一部分,其实质是在2~400 MHz 频段 内对飞机进行电磁辐照,以确定外部HIRF 环境与设备线束感应电流之间的传递函数。基于RTCA/ DO-160G 和SAE ARP5583A 标准建立HIRF 测试环境,通过对AC312E 直升机开展低电平扫描电流试验,得到了线束传递函数随频 率、天线极化方式、电磁辐照方向、线束布置的变化规律并分析了其影响机理。结果表明:发射天线以不同极化方式 辐照机体时,不同布置的线束其传递函数有一定差别;发射天线以垂直极化在0°方向辐照时,行李舱附近右发动机 控制单元(EECUR)线束的传递函数比位于驾驶舱的座舱显示器(MFD)线束的传递函数要小;发射天线以垂直极化 方式在不同方向辐照机体时,EECUR 线束在某些频段下在右侧90°方向辐照比左侧270°方向辐照的传递函数要大。 所得结论可为直升机适航符合性验证和低电平扫描电流试验的开展提供参考与支撑。     

Formulation for wire radiators on bodies of translation with and without end caps

A formulation, based on the method of moments (MM), is presented for active and passive wire radiators attached to, or near, a broad class of bodies and surfaces, including open or closed cylinders of arbitrary cross section as well as finite flat or curved panels. The development expands the utility of the MM theory for various antenna problems. The analysis incorporates a special junction basis set for the antenna attachment points. Total domain and piecewise continuous expansion functions are used on the surfaces. The formulation is primarily intended for prediction of radiation patterns of wire antennas (such as monopoles and loops) on asymmetric bodies of translation, open or closed (capped). The present method has shown satisfactory agreement with published data in the prediction of antenna input impedances as well.     

A Transmission Line Method to Compute the Far-Field Radiation of Arbitrarily Directed Hertzian Dipoles in a Multilayer Dielectric Structure: Theory and Applications

A transmission line method is proposed to compute the far-field radiation patterns of arbitrarily directed Hertzian dipoles that are embedded in a multilayer dielectric structure. The evaluation of the field in the far-zone region is transformed into the evaluation of the field inside the multilayer structure by applying the reciprocity theorem. The horizontal field component inside the structure is derived by analyzing a transmission line circuit, and the vertical component is obtained from the horizontal component by separating the forward and backward waves. This method is implemented and verified by IE3D for the case of a three-layer structure excited by either electric Hertzian dipoles, magnetic Hertzian dipoles, or their combination. The radiation patterns of any antenna embedded in a multilayer dielectric structure can be computed with this method after replacing the physical antenna with a set of Hertzian dipoles. As examples, a quarter wavelength thin wire monopole antenna and a dielectric resonator antenna, both embedded in a multilayer structure, are investigated. Furthermore, the arrangement of the structure is optimized to maximize the antenna directivity. The results are also verified by the simulation of the entire structure with IE3D.     

Copolar and cross-polar radiation of Vivaldi antenna on dielectricsubstrate

The copolar and cross-polar radiation patterns of the Vivaldi antenna on a dielectric substrate are calculated and validated by measurements. The method involves a two-step procedure. The electric field distribution across the antenna slot aperture is calculated first. The radiated fields are then calculated, using Green's functions. The continuous exponential tapered shape is approximated by annular linearly tapered sections. The conical transmission-line theory and a variational method yield the electric field in each section. The radiation calculation is based on closed-form expressions for the dyadic Green's function of an elementary electric field source in a conducting half sheet. Both copolar and cross-polar radiation patterns of the Vivaldi antenna are calculated by integrating the Green's functions weighted by the electric field distribution over the antenna aperture. The effect of lateral truncation is taken into account by defining weighting patterns. The method is validated by original measurements and limitations of the model are discussed. Antenna directivity and sensitivity are calculated     

An integral equation and its application to spiral antennas onsemi-infinite dielectric materials

This paper presents an integral equation that can handle wire antennas on a semi-infinite dielectric material. The integral equation is reduced to a set of linear equations by the method of moments. For efficiency, the impedance matrix element Z_m,n is divided into two parts on the basis of weighted Green's function extractions. The far-zone radiation field, which is formulated using the stationary phase method, is also described. After the validity of the presented numerical techniques is checked using a bow-tie antenna, a spiral antenna is analyzed. The current distribution, radiation pattern, axial ratio, power gain, and input impedance are discussed. It is found that the radiation field inside a dielectric material is circularly polarized. As the relative permittivity of the dielectric material increases, the angle coverage over which the axial ratio is less than 3 dB becomes narrower     

Quality factor of an electrically small antenna radiating close toa conducting plane

Expressions are derived for the smallest achievable radiation quality factor (Q) of an electrically small antenna in front of a conducting plane. Applying the low-frequency approximation to the source region involving an electric or a magnetic point dipole plus their images behind the plane, an expression is formed for the field in the radiation zone. The contribution of non-propagating energy in the near field is obtained explicitly using a spherical harmonics decomposition. The radiation Q is found to depend on the radius (relative to wavelength) of the smallest sphere that encloses the antenna and its image, the ratio of the vertical and horizontal dipole moments, as well as the positions of the dipoles relative to each other and to the plane. A number of simple wire structures are analysed with NEC (based on the method of moments), and the approximate Q obtained from their fractional bandwidth are compared to the corresponding theoretical minima     

Radiation fields of the short-backfire antenna

A method for the approximate calculation of the radiation fields of a short-backfire antenna is presented. This technique is based upon the assumption that the aperture field is distributed approximately cosinusoidally in both horizontal and vertical planes as evidenced by near-zone field measurements. It appears that the short-backfire antenna is essentially a circular aperture antenna with cosinusoidal aperture field, and that the dipole functions merely as an exciter for this field.     

辐射场中金属接触无源互调干扰研究

为了评估辐射场中金属接触结构引起的无源互调（passive intermodulation，PIM）对接收天线的干扰程度，提出并验证了一种可以预测被天线接收的PIM幅值的计算方法.应用PIM点源模型，并基于接触结处载波激励电流幅值和PIM信号耦合效率的仿真建立辐射场中金属接触PIM的计算方法；采用缝隙波导工装基于近场耦合测试原理对两根铜丝搭接而成的接触结构在缝隙波导近场辐射场中的三阶无源互调（third-order passive intermodulation，PIM₃）及其按位置分布规律进行测试分析.理论计算和实验测试结果比较吻合，证明本文提出的计算方法能够预估辐射场中金属接触PIM幅值.本研究工作为评估辐射场中PIM产物提供了分析方法，同时有助于深入理解辐射场中金属接触PIM的产生机理.     

Analysis of a Wire Antenna in the Presence of Sphere

An integro-differential equation is formulated for the problem of a thin-wire antenna in the presence of a sphere, and this equation is solved by the method of moments. The analysis is valid for an arbitrarily oriented and positioned wire relative to the sphere which may be either a perfect conductor or may be any simple homogeneous material. Input admittance of the wire antenna near a conducting sphere is determined from computed wire current and is corroborated by measured values of admittance. Also presented are calculated radiation patterns for the antenna/sphere structure.     

蘑菇型EBG微带天线电磁辐射特性分析

利用矩量法对探针馈电的蘑菇型EBG微带天线的电磁辐射特性进行了分析。首先建立了天线模型,采用细导线的带模型将馈电探针和EBG短路过孔等效为细带,并与EBG金属表面和微带贴片一样均采用平面三角面元剖分,RWG基函数作为电流展开函数,将线面连接问题转化为面面连接问题。然后给出了采用空域矩量法对天线辐射特性进行分析的全过程,并介绍了激励源的添加模型。最后对蘑菇型EBG微带天线的回路损耗、输入阻抗和方向图等特性进行了分析计算,相关结果与FEKO和文献吻合良好,验证了本文方法的正确性。