纳米Al2O3-40%TiO2复相陶瓷颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层的摩擦学性能

运用等离子喷涂技术在7005铝合金表面制备Al2O3?40%TiO2纳米结构颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层,分析其微观结构,研究其在不同载荷和速度条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：复合涂层主要由γ-Ni、α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和金红石型-TiO2等相组成,其摩擦因数和磨损失重较镍基合金涂层显著降低。在轻载3 N 时,复合涂层磨损表面的接触应力较低,主要发生微观切削磨损;当载荷上升至6~12 N时,接触应力高于磨损表面的弹性极限应力,复合涂层的磨损机理变为多次塑变磨损、微观脆性断裂磨损和磨粒磨损。随着速度的增大,磨损表面的接触温度逐渐升高,复合涂层以多次塑变磨损、疲劳磨损和粘着磨损为主。     

纳米Al2O3-40％TlO2复相陶瓷颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层的摩擦学性能

运用等离子喷涂技术在7005铝合金表面制备Al2O3-40%TiO2纳米结构颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层,分析其微观结构,研究其在不同载荷和速度条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：复合涂层主要由γ-Ni、α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和金红石型-TiO2等相组成,其摩擦因数和磨损失重较镍基合金涂层显著降低。在轻载3 N 时,复合涂层磨损表面的接触应力较低,主要发生微观切削磨损;当载荷上升至6~12 N时,接触应力高于磨损表面的弹性极限应力,复合涂层的磨损机理变为多次塑变磨损、微观脆性断裂磨损和磨粒磨损。随着速度的增大,磨损表面的接触温度逐渐升高,复合涂层以多次塑变磨损、疲劳磨损和粘着磨损为主。     

等离子熔覆NiCr-Cr3C2复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的研究

目的研究碳化铬含量及磨损载荷力对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响,探究不同磨损载荷下的磨损机制。方法采用5种Ni55和NiCr-Cr_3C_2的混合粉末(Ni Cr-Cr_3C_2质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%),通过等离子熔覆技术制备金属基复合涂层。采用XRD、SEM对涂层物相进行检测分析,使用Rtec万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层表面进行不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能测试。对涂层组织、摩擦系数、磨损体积及磨损表面微观形貌进行对比分析,探究碳化铬的含量以及摩擦载荷对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果 NiCr-Cr_3C_2在熔覆过程中发生熔化,XRD测得涂层中的碳化物主要以Cr_7C_3为主,其他主要物相包括Cr_3C_2、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_5B_3、Ni_3Si。复合涂层的硬度及耐磨性能随着碳化铬含量的增加而增大,硬度最高达1500HV以上,耐磨性是基体Q235的2～16倍。当磨损载荷低于80 N时,主要发生磨粒磨损;当磨损载荷为100 N时,主要发生粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,其中S5的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损。结论加入碳化铬,随着碳化铬含量增加,复合涂层的耐磨性不断提高,并且随着磨损载荷的增大,涂层磨损机制发生转变。     

高铝铜合金粗粉超音速等离子喷涂层的边界润滑摩擦特性

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备高铝铜合金粗粉涂层,对涂层进行边界润滑摩擦实验,分析涂层的摩擦磨损特征及表面元素的质量损失。结果发现:涂层的摩擦因数随外加载荷的增加呈逐渐下降趋势;尽管磨损量随载荷的增大逐渐增加,但磨损率呈下降趋势,表明随外加载荷的增加涂层耐磨性能逐渐增强。涂层在中低载荷下以磨粒磨损为主,当载荷达到高载荷540 N时,涂层由磨粒磨损向疲劳磨损转变,并在犁沟边缘发生疲劳磨损的同时表现出轻度的粘着磨损。边界润滑条件下,涂层元素的质量磨损主要表现为Cu元素的损失,磨粒磨损留下的犁沟为O元素进入摩擦界面提供通道,使涂层表面形成微氧化膜。     

添加CeO_2对MoS_2基复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

针对MoS_2基复合涂层耐磨性差和承载能力低的问题,以不同含量(质量分数)的CeO_2作为添加剂,采用喷涂法在GCr15钢表面制备MoS_2基复合涂层。利用摩擦磨损试验机和划痕仪分别研究涂层摩擦磨损性能和结合强度,并借助金相显微镜对涂层磨损形貌进行表征。结果表明:添加适量CeO_2可以改善涂层的摩擦磨损性能,其最佳含量为2%,此时摩擦因数和磨损量均最小,分别为0.232和0.011 3 mm~3;同时结合强度从22 N提高到28.29 N。涂层磨损量随载荷的增大而增大;而载荷小于8 N时,涂层的摩擦因数随载荷的增大而减小,当载荷大于8 N时,摩擦因数又有回升趋势。添加稀土后涂层的承载能力有明显提高。未添加稀土时,涂层产生严重剥离,并发生磨粒磨损;添加2%CeO_2后,涂层发生轻微磨粒磨损,耐磨性得到显著提高。     

高速电弧喷涂 Mo 涂层性能初探

目的初步研究高速电弧喷涂Mo涂层的综合性能,为进一步发展热喷涂Mo涂层制备工艺提供参考。方法利用高速电弧喷涂设备在45Cr Ni Mo VA钢表面制备Mo涂层,采用场发射扫描电镜、X射线能谱仪、显微硬度测试仪及电子万能试验机等对涂层形貌、成分、显微硬度及结合强度进行表征和测试,并结合断口微观形貌对拉伸断裂机理进行分析。采用CETR-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机,在润滑条件下对涂层进行不同载荷的摩擦磨损实验,通过磨损体积及表面磨痕微观形貌分析涂层的摩擦磨损性能及机理。结果 Mo涂层具有一定量的微观孔隙,氧化物含量低,与基体结合牢固可靠,平均显微硬度高达416.3HV0.1,平均内聚强度为22.7 MPa。拉伸断口呈脆性断裂,并伴有半熔融颗粒剥落留下的剥落坑。润滑条件下,涂层在10,30,50 N载荷下的磨损体积分别为1.1×107,4.4×107,5.5×107μm3。结论高速电弧喷涂可成功制备Mo涂层,涂层与基体为机械结合。在润滑条件下,涂层的磨损体积随载荷增大而增大,不同载荷下的磨损机理均以粘着磨损为主。     

不同环境下AlSiFeMm非晶纳米晶涂层摩擦磨损行为研究

目的研究AlSiFeMm(Mm为镍包混合稀土)非晶纳米晶涂层在干摩擦和3.5%NaCl溶液中的摩擦磨损行为。方法采用Rtec(MFT-3000)往复式磨损试验机测试涂层在干摩擦条件和有腐蚀介质条件下的摩擦磨损性能,使用LEXTOL3000-IR非接触三维表面轮廓仪测定涂层的磨损体积和磨痕的三维形貌,利用扫描电子显微镜对磨痕进行形貌观察和成分分析。结果铝基非晶纳米晶涂层的摩擦系数随着载荷的增加而不断减小。干摩擦条件下,铝基非晶纳米晶涂层的磨损率随着载荷的增加而增大,当磨损速度为10 mm/s、载荷为15 N时,涂层相对耐磨性为6061铝合金的2.5倍,其磨损机制为脆性剥落、磨粒磨损,并伴随氧化磨损。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,涂层的磨损率随着载荷的增加而逐渐降低,当磨损速度为35 mm/s、载荷为30N时,涂层的耐磨性能约为6061铝合金的8倍,其失效机制主要为剥层磨损和腐蚀磨损。结论铝基非晶纳米晶复合涂层在干摩擦和腐蚀介质中均表现出较为优异的耐磨性能,可以作为轻质合金涂层应用于表面防护领域。     

MoS2/MAO耐磨减摩复合涂层的制备和摩擦学行为研究

目的 采用两步法在铝合金表面制备MoS2/MAO耐磨减摩复合涂层,并考察其摩擦磨损行为特点。方法 通过微弧氧化(MAO)技术和原位水热法在7075铝合金表面构筑MoS2/MAO耐磨减摩复合涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和Raman光谱对膜层的微观形貌和组成进行表征。利用摩擦试验机测试试样的摩擦性能,并通过三维轮廓仪分析磨痕形貌。结果 MAO膜层主要由Al2O3构成,含有少量SiO2,表面为典型的多孔结构,存在大量微孔,粗糙度较大。MoS2/MAO耐磨减摩复合涂层中的MoS2颗粒较均匀地填充在MAO微孔中,并覆盖在凹陷内,使得表面平整光滑而致密。摩擦测试结果表明,MAO涂层能够提高基体的承载能力,但其摩擦因数较大,波动较大。MoS2膜层为MAO提供了良好的润滑改性作用,使其摩擦因数减小。结论 MoS2/MAO耐磨减摩复合涂层能够显著提高基体的摩擦磨损性能。在低载荷下,MAO硬质涂层起着很好的承载作用,MoS2颗粒层起着润滑减磨作用,使摩擦因数始终较低且平稳;在高载荷下,MAO层表面的微凸体在应力作用下破碎,硬质磨粒和MoS2颗粒分布在磨损面,部分被挤出磨痕区,导致摩擦因数不断增大。     

载荷及摩擦频率对Al-Mg2Si复合涂层摩擦性能的影响

目的研究载荷及摩擦频率对Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法用高速往复摩擦磨损测试仪考察了不同载荷及摩擦频率下的Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层的摩擦系数,并用SEM和超景深三维显微镜检测分析磨痕的表面形貌、磨痕深度和体积,对比分析载荷及摩擦频率的影响。结果载荷一定时,随着摩擦频率的增大,摩擦系数呈下降趋势,体积磨损率呈上升趋势。频率为3 Hz时,摩擦系数最小,为0.50;体积磨损率最大,为166.08×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·mm)。频率从1 Hz增至3 Hz时,摩擦系数减少了0.65,体积磨损率增加了3.1倍。频率一定时,随着载荷的增加,摩擦系数和体积磨损率均呈增加趋势。载荷为15 N时,摩擦系数和体积磨损率最大,分别为0.93和126.27×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·mm)。载荷从5 N增至15 N时,摩擦系数增加了0.27,体积磨损率增加了0.4倍。结论与载荷相比,摩擦频率对Al-Mg_2Si复合涂层摩擦性能的影响更大。     

氧化石墨烯接枝碳纤维及其树脂涂层在不同载荷下的摩擦学性能

目的 提升碳纤维(CF)在水性聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)树脂涂层中的界面性能,从而使PAI复合涂层获得优异的摩擦学性能.方法 以硅烷(KH550)为偶联剂,制备氧化石墨烯(GO)化学接枝CF增强体(CF&GO),研究CF接枝前后的热稳定性和添加CF&GO的PAI复合涂层在不同载荷下的摩擦学行为和磨损机理.利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的官能团、成分和表面形貌进行表征;利用热失重仪(TGA)对接枝前后CF的热稳定进行表征;利用SEM、摩擦磨损试验机和白光干涉仪分别对CF&GO在PAI复合涂层中的分布和摩擦学性能进行表征.结果 GO通过与硅烷改性后的CF形成酰胺键成功接枝,接枝后,CF形成多尺度增强体,且表面形貌粗糙.此外,接枝后,CF的热稳定性降低,热稳定性规律为GO相似文献   

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.