硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃在直流电场下的体外矿化性能

硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃具有良好的生物活性和骨传导性, 但大多数生物活性玻璃表现出非线性降解和矿化行为, 矿化性能会随着时间而减缓。电场作为一种外场辅助调节的方法, 能够干预玻璃的离子交换和扩散。本研究利用直流电场干预硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃的体外矿化, 加快降解较慢阶段中硼硅酸盐生物玻璃的生物活性。将熔融法制备的成分为18SiO₂-6Na₂O-8K₂O-8MgO-22CaO-2P₂O₅-36B₂O₃的硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃浸泡在SBF生理模拟液中, 施加0~90 mA的电流, 研究直流电场对硼硅酸盐生物玻璃降解及体外矿化性能的影响。研究结果表明, 施加电场不仅可以提高硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃的降解率和离子释放量, 而且有利于玻璃网络水解和表面羟基化, 加速羟基磷灰石的生成。其中失重率比对照组提高了3%~5%, 硼和钙的离子释放量分别较对照组提高了2.3~2.9倍和1.9~2.3倍。对硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃表面结构分析得出, 暴露在电场下的样品表面生成了磷灰石层。应用直流电场可以提高生物活性玻璃的降解及体外矿化性能, 为提升骨修复效果提供了一种新思路。     

基于介孔硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃微球的可注射复合骨水泥

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的介孔硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃微球(MBGS)作为固相, 海藻酸钠(SA)溶液作为液相,开发了一种可注射复合骨水泥。对MBGS中氧化硼/氧化硅的比例对其质构性能及骨水泥的可操作性、抗压强度和生物活性的影响进行表征。实验结果表明, 随着硼含量的增加, MBGS的比表面积从161.71 m²/g增大至214.28 m²/g, 平均孔径以及总孔容也随之增长, 加速了玻璃相中钙离子的释放, 使得玻璃与SA的快速交联, 改善了骨水泥可操作性能和力学性能, 凝固时间由21 min缩短至9 min, 抗压强度由3.4 MPa提升至4.1 MPa, 体外矿化性能也随之提高。综合各方面性能表现, BC-30骨水泥兼具良好的可操作性能、力学性能和体外矿化能力, 是最合适的骨水泥组分。总之, 提高MBGS的质构性能是增强复合骨水泥的可操作性、抗压强度和生物活性的有效方法。     

硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃在直流电场下的体外矿化性能（英文）

硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃具有良好的生物活性和骨传导性,但大多数生物活性玻璃表现出非线性降解和矿化行为,矿化性能会随着时间而减缓。电场作为一种外场辅助调节的方法,能够干预玻璃的离子交换和扩散。本研究利用直流电场干预硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃的体外矿化,加快降解较慢阶段中硼硅酸盐生物玻璃的生物活性。将熔融法制备的成分为18SiO₂-6Na₂O-8K₂O-8MgO-22CaO-2P₂O₅-36B₂O₃的硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃浸泡在SBF生理模拟液中,施加0～90 m A的电流,研究直流电场对硼硅酸盐生物玻璃降解及体外矿化性能的影响。研究结果表明,施加电场不仅可以提高硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃的降解率和离子释放量,而且有利于玻璃网络水解和表面羟基化,加速羟基磷灰石的生成。其中失重率比对照组提高了3%～5%,硼和钙的离子释放量分别较对照组提高了2.3～2.9倍和1.9～2.3倍。对硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃表面结构分析得出,暴露在电场下的样品表面生成了磷灰石层。应用直...     

硅烷化介孔硼硅酸盐生物玻璃微球对PMMA骨水泥生物活性和力学性能的影响（英文）

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥因具有良好的力学性能、适宜的凝固时间和低毒性等优点而在骨科手术中作为可注射型人工骨修复材料受到广泛的应用。然而，其生物惰性可能导致假体长期植入后产生无菌性松动。本研究采用模板法制备了介孔硼硅酸盐生物玻璃微球(MBGS),并用硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(γ-MPS)对其进行改性,制备了MBGSSI。再将硅烷化介孔硼硅酸盐生物玻璃微球(MBGSSI)与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥复合,制备了一种具有良好生物活性和力学性能的复合骨水泥。实验结果表明,由于γ-MPS与MBGS的结合主要发生在介孔微球的近表面,MBGSSI比MBGS具有更大的比表面积和更小的孔容积。与MBGS/PMMA复合骨水泥相比,γ-MPS可以改善复合材料中无机相和有机相之间的结合,因此MBGSSI/PMMA复合骨水泥的力学性能得到了改善,符合ISO 5833:2002对丙烯酸类骨水泥的力学性能要求。此外,在SBF溶液中浸泡42 d后, MBGS/PMMA和MBGSSI/PMMA复合骨水泥的表面均生成了羟基磷灰石(HA),证明复合骨水泥具有良好的生物活性。因此, MB...     

气体发泡剂—NaHCO3和C6H8O7对可注射多孔硼酸盐玻璃基骨水泥性能的影响

硼酸盐玻璃具有优异的生物相容性、降解性和骨传导性, 在骨组织修复领域受到一定的关注。目前, 硼酸盐玻璃的主要应用形式是支架和微球, 而有关硼酸盐玻璃基骨水泥的制备及性能研究却较少涉及。基于孔隙在骨组织修复材料工程领域中的重要作用, 本研究以NaHCO₃和柠檬酸为气体发泡剂制备可注射的多孔硼酸盐玻璃基骨水泥, 通过SEM、XRD和FTIR等方法表征其对骨水泥性能的影响。结果表明: 发泡骨水泥具有良好的注射性, 其注射率高达80%。SEM形貌照片显示骨水泥中大孔已被成功引入, 且孔隙连通, 其孔径介于10 µm到800 µm之间。浸泡结果表明, 发泡骨水泥失重率明显提高。PBS溶液中浸泡30 d后, 发泡骨水泥的失重率高达70%, 而非发泡的骨水泥的失重率只有50%。此外, XRD和FTIR的结果表明, 浸泡产物为羟基磷灰石(HA)。ATR的结果进一步证明了BBG和PBS溶液的反应机理, 表明BBGC中孔隙的引入大大加快了其降解, 促进了矿化反应的进行。     

气体发泡剂—NaHCO_3和C_6H_8O_7对可注射多孔硼酸盐玻璃基骨水泥性能的影响（英文）

硼酸盐玻璃具有优异的生物相容性、降解性和骨传导性,在骨组织修复领域受到一定的关注。目前,硼酸盐玻璃的主要应用形式是支架和微球,而有关硼酸盐玻璃基骨水泥的制备及性能研究却较少涉及。基于孔隙在骨组织修复材料工程领域中的重要作用,本研究以NaHCO_3和柠檬酸为气体发泡剂制备可注射的多孔硼酸盐玻璃基骨水泥,通过SEM、XRD和FTIR等方法表征其对骨水泥性能的影响。结果表明:发泡骨水泥具有良好的注射性,其注射率高达80%。SEM形貌照片显示骨水泥中大孔已被成功引入,且孔隙连通,其孔径介于10μm到800μm之间。浸泡结果表明,发泡骨水泥失重率明显提高。PBS溶液中浸泡30 d后,发泡骨水泥的失重率高达70%,而非发泡的骨水泥的失重率只有50%。此外,XRD和FTIR的结果表明,浸泡产物为羟基磷灰石(HA)。ATR的结果进一步证明了BBG和PBS溶液的反应机理,表明BBGC中孔隙的引入大大加快了其降解,促进了矿化反应的进行。     

生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF溶液中的降解和矿化性能

利用扫描电镜、X衍射仪以及红外漫反射仪,并通过对生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸组织工程支架在模拟体液（SBF）中失重率及模拟体液pH值的变化的检测,系统研究了生物活性玻璃/聚乳酸组织工程支架在SBF中的降解和矿化性能。结果发现：随着含有生物活性玻璃的聚乳酸支架在SBF溶液中浸泡时间的增长,SBF的pH值不断下降;含有生物活性玻璃...     

CaO-P2O5-SiO2系统溶胶-凝胶玻璃的生物矿化行为

利用体外实验方法(in vitro)以及XBD、SEM、FTIR、BET、ICP等手段研究了两种溶胶一凝胶生物活性玻璃的显微结构及其在模拟生理溶液(SBF)中的降解过程、表面反应产物和生物矿化机理．结果表明，两种生物活性玻璃都具有较高的生物活性，均具有由纳米尺寸颗粒相互连接而成的微孔结构和较大的比表面积，在模拟生理溶液(SBF)中浸泡后可形成表面类似天然骨中无机矿物的碳酸经基磷灰石层(HCA)，说明两者均具有较高的生物活性和生理环境相应特性．材料表面的硅酸凝胶层及其硅经基团的形成对碳酸经基磷灰石(HCA)微晶的成核有重要作用。     

明胶微球玻璃基骨水泥的制备及性能研究

以生物活性SiO2-CaO-P2O5-CaF2系统玻璃粉末为基体,以磷酸铵溶液为固化液,添加明胶微球,制得了明胶微球多孔玻璃基骨水泥。将骨水泥于置37℃的生理模拟液(SBF)中浸泡后,利用pH计、XRD、SEM和力学试验机等对浸泡液的pH值和钙离子浓度,以及浸泡产物的晶相、显微结构和力学性能等进行了观测和分析。结果表明,明胶微球的加入使玻璃基骨水泥从高pH值降至略大于7.0的弱碱性,并加快了骨水泥对钙离子的吸收和羟基磷灰石(HAP)的生长,使玻璃基骨水泥体现出更好的生物活性。在明胶微球含量为5%(质量分数)时,浸泡后形成的骨水泥的孔隙率接近80%,而其抗压强度仍可达5MPa以上。     

含锶硼硅酸盐生物玻璃的降解性能及体外生物活性

研究了含锶硼硅酸盐玻璃的体外生物活性和降解性。采用熔融法制备不同锶含量(SrO含量为0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%、12%(摩尔分数))的硼硅酸盐生物玻璃粉末,粒径范围为150～300μm。将各组玻璃样品浸泡在0.02mol/L的K2HPO4溶液中,置于37℃恒温条件下,进行体外生物矿化反应。通过对反应样品的质量损失以及浸泡液pH值进行测定,并用XRD、FTIR以及SEM对反应过程和反应后产物进行表征。结果表明,含锶的硼硅酸盐玻璃在体外生物矿化反应中被生物降解,并转化为含锶羟基磷灰石,具有很好的生物活性和降解性;同时也观察到玻璃中引入锶元素后,在一定程度上控制玻璃的降解速度,进而控制硼的溶出速度,从一定程度上避免硼溶出速度过高可能带来的风险;ICP的结构也表明,当SrO为6%(摩尔分数),样品中硼元素溶出的速度最低。因此,用锶的含量可控制硼硅酸盐玻璃的降解速度,这种方法将在组织工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Biomimetic mineralization of partially bioresorbable glass fiber reinforced composite

The aim of this study was to investigate the biomimetic mineralization on the surface of a glass fiber reinforced composite with partially resorbable biopolymer matrix. The E-glass fibers were preimpregnated with a novel biopolymer of poly(hydroxyproline) amide, and further impregnated in the monomer system of bis-phenyl glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA)—triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), which formed interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) with the preimpregnation polymer. After light-initiated polymerization of the monomer system, the rhombic test specimens (n = 6) were immersed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) with the bioactive glass for 24 h, and then the apatite nuclei were allowed to grow for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days in the SBF. The control test specimens (n = 3) were immersed in SBF without the bioactive glass. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM), a mineral layer was formed on the surface of all the specimens, which were immersed with bioactive glass. The layer was thickened by the prolonged immersion time to a uniform layer. The Ca/P atomic ratio of the mineral varied between 1.30 and 1.54 as analyzed by the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra gave signals for the mineral, which are characteristic of both bone-like apatite and orthocalciumphosphate. In conclusion, the mineral layer was formed on the surfaces of the specimens by biomimetic mineralization, the mineral being a mixture of bone-like apatite, orthocalciumphosphate and other calcium phosphates.     

含Zn、Mg生物玻璃的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在58S生物玻璃的基础上,分别用0.5wt％的氧化镁和氧化锌取代氧化钙制备了含镁和含锌的生物玻璃.压制的试样分别在600、700和800℃煅烧以做强度测试,并分析了600和800℃煅烧后的物相组成.结果表明,三种试样煅烧至800℃仍为玻璃态,而镁锌的掺入大幅度提高了生物玻璃的强度,这主要是因为Mg-O和Zn-O具有比Ca-O高的键能.模拟体液浸泡试验表明,镁和锌降低了羟基磷灰石的早期成核速度,但并不影响其后期的生长.浸泡三天后所有样品表面都被羟基磷灰石覆盖,表明了样品具有良好的生物活性.     

Fabrication and corrosion behavior of HA/Mg-Zn biocomposites

The thermal-treated hydroxyapatite (HA) particles, Mg and Zn powders were used to prepare the HA/Mg-Zn composites with different HA contents by means of powder metallurgy technology. The microstructures, formation phases, and corrosion behaviors in simulated body fluid (SBF) were studied in comparison with pure magnesium and HA/Mg composites fabricated by the same preparation technology. As a result, no evident reaction happened between HA particles and Mg matrix during sintering process, and Zn atoms diffused into Mg matrix to form a single phase Mg-Zn alloy matrix. The addition of HA particles changed the corrosion mechanism of Mg matrix. During the corrosion process, HA particles would adsorb and Ca²⁺ ions efficiently and induce the deposition of Ca-P compounds on the surface of composites. HA could improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium matrix composites in SBF and restrain the increase of pH of SBF. Furthermore, the addition of Zn was favorable to improve the corrosion resistance of HA/Mg composites due to the densification of composites and the formation of Mg-Zn alloy matrix.     

Biomimetic apatite formation on a CoCrMo alloy by using wollastonite,bioactive glass or hydroxyapatite

A biomimetic method was used to promote a bioactive surface on a CoCrMo alloy (ASTM F75). To enhance the nucleation of apatite on the metallic substrate, wollastonite ceramics (W), bioactive glass (BG) or hydroxyapatite (HA) were used in the biomimetic method. Metallic samples were chemically treated and immersed for 7 days in SBF on a bed of bioactive material (W, BG or HA) followed by an immersion in 1.5SBF for 7 or 14 days without bioactive system.A bonelike apatite layer was formed on the surface of all the samples tested. The samples treated with wollastonite showed a higher rate of apatite formation and the morphology of the layer was closer to that of the existing bioactive systems. A higher crystallinity of the apatite layer was also observed by using wollastonite. The pH of the SBF, the Ca/P ratio and the thickness of the layer on the samples treated with wollastonite and bioactive glass increased as increasing the immersion time. The thickness of the layer on the samples treated with hydroxyapatite also increased with time, but the pH of the SBF and the Ca/P ratio changed with no a defined trend.     

In vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite reinforced polyhydroxybutyrate composite

Particulate hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to form a bioactive and biodegradable composite for applications in hard tissue replacement and regeneration. HA/PHB composite containing 10, 20, and 30 vol.% of HA was made for in vitro evaluation. In vitro studies were conducted using an acellular simulated body fluid (SBF). Composite specimens were immersed in SBF at 37 °C for various periods of time prior to surface analysis and mechanical testing. Results obtained from scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination, thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that a layer of bone-like apatite formed within a short period on HA/PHB composite after its immersion in SBF, demonstrating high in vitro bioactivity of the composite. The bioactivity and mechanical properties of the composite could be changed by varying the amount of HA in the composite. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the storage modulus (E′) of HA/PHB composite increased initially with immersion time in SBF, due to apatite formation on composite surface and decreased after prolonged immersion in SBF, indicating degradation of the composite in a simulated body environment. HA/PHB composite thus has the potential for its intended applications.     

Effects of pH and initial Ca2+-H2PO4- concentration on fibroin mineralization

In the present study, the effects of pH and initial Ca²⁺-H₂PO₄^- (Ca-P) concentration on fibroin mineralization were studied. The crystal growth of calcium phosphates was regulated by regenerated silk fibroin for 8 h (at pH 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0, respectively). Meanwhile, different concentrations of Ca²⁺ were employed at a certain pH value, keeping the initial Ca-P molar ratio constant at 1.67, i.e., the stoichiometry of hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO₄)₆(OH)₂, HAP]. The products were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated that, compared to pH 4.0 and 10.0, pH 7.0 promoted the transformation of brushite (CaHPO₄°2H₂O, DCPD) to HAP. In the composites of mineralized fibroin, DCPD is the main inorganic phase at both relatively low and high pH, while HAP is the main inorganic phase at pH 7.0. Additionally, the initial Ca-P concentration does not affect the kind of inorganic phase in the synthesized mineralized fibroin, but induce to different contents of inorganic mineral and different morphology of DCPD at pH 4.0 and pH 10.0.     

Bioresorbable and bioactive composite materials based on polylactide foams filled with and coated by Bioglass® particles for tissue engineering applications

Poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA) foams and bioactive glass (Bioglass®) particles were used to form bioresorbable and bioactive composite scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering. A thermally induced phase separation process was applied to prepare highly porous PDLLA foams filled with 10 wt % Bioglass® particles. Stable and homogeneous layers of Bioglass® particles on the surface of the PDLLA/Bioglass® composite foams as well as infiltration of Bioglass® particles throughout the porous network were achieved using a slurry-dipping technique. The quality of the bioactive glass coatings was reproducible in terms of thickness and microstructure. In vitro studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed to study the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of the PDLLA/Bioglass® composites, as an indication of the bioactivity of the materials. Formation of the HA layer after immersion in SBF was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The rate of HA formation in Bioglass®-coated samples was higher than that observed in non-coated samples. SEM analysis showed that the HA layer thickness rapidly increased with increasing time in SBF in the Bioglass®-coated samples. The high bioactivity of the developed composites suggests that the materials are attractive for use as bioactive, resorbable scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.