耐湿热老化三元复合材料OMMT/EP/CF的制备研究

为提高碳纤维复合材料的耐湿热老化性能以及力学性能,通过有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)改性环氧树脂(EP)制备了有机化蒙脱土/环氧树脂/碳纤维(OMMT/CF/EP)复合材料,研究了OMMT的插层效果,OMMT加入质量分数和类型对环氧树脂气体阻隔性及对制备的OMMT/CF/EP复合材料的剪切性能、耐湿热老化性能等的影响.研究结...     

OMMT/EP/CF三元复合材料的制备及耐热性能研究

为了提高碳纤维复合材料的热学性能及高温力学性能,通过有机化蒙脱土改性环氧树脂(EP)制备了有机化蒙脱土/环氧树脂/碳纤维(OMMT/EP/CF)三元复合材料,研究了有机化蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的插层效果,有机化蒙脱土的类型与加入份数对OMMT/EP/CF三元复合材料力学性能及热学性能的影响,同时研究了温度对OMMT/EP/CF三元复合材料的力学性能的影响.研究表明,加入了有机化蒙脱土后,复合材料的力学性能及热学性能均有较大幅度的提高,同时还表明随着温度的升高,复合材料的性能逐渐降低.     

埃洛石复配2-羧乙基苯基次膦酸对环氧树脂阻燃及力学性能的影响

将埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)与2-羧乙基苯基次磷酸(CEPPA)复配并用于环氧树脂(EP)阻燃改性,制备了CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料.研究了HNTs与CEPPA的配比对CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料热稳定性、阻燃性及力学性能的影响.TG分析表明,CEPPA与HNTs复配可提高CEPPA-HNTs/EP复合材料...     

针状纳米ZnO制备EP/ZnO复合材料及其力学性能的研究

研究了用热镀锌渣作原料制得的针状纳米ZnO对EP/ZnO复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:使用具有空间结构的针状纳米ZnO所制备的环氧树脂复合材料,与普通ZnO所制备的环氧树脂复合材料相比力学性能得到了较大的提高和改善.当纳米ZnO的含量为4％(质量分数)时,材料的力学性能得到了明显改善,其冲击强度提高46.9％,抗拉...     

氨基化埃洛石纳米管对固体环氧树脂的增强增韧及阻燃作用

通过化学接枝法获得了氨基化埃洛石纳米管(N-HNTs),与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配制备了N-HNTs-APP/EP固体环氧树脂复合材料，并对复合材料的固化行为、力学性能、热降解行为、阻燃性能、残炭形貌进行研究。结果表明，添加5%N-HNTs-APP不仅促进了EP的固化反应，而且复合材料的力学性能得到全面提升，其中冲击强度和断裂伸长率较纯EP分别提高了63.9%和28.2%。同时，5%N-HNTs-APP/EP复合材料的极限氧指数(LOI)达31.7%,通过UL-94 V0级别，其热释放速率峰值(pHRR)、总热释放速率(THR)、烟释放速率峰值(SPR)和生烟总量(TSP)较纯EP均大幅下降。     

表面改性对螺旋碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

螺旋碳纳米管(HCNTs)由于其独特的三维螺旋形态及碳纳米管结构可望在新型功能和高强度复合材料领域发挥重要作用。文中研究了不同方式的HCNTs表面改性对环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响,并进一步分析了其强韧化机理。研究表明,通过γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)或聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对HCNTs进行表面改性后与环氧树脂(EP)共混,能够显著提高复合材料的力学性能。KH560改性的HCNTs/EP复合材料冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了118. 4%与54. 1%; PEI改性的HCNTs/EP复合材料冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了101. 3%与70. 0%。分析认为,表面改性能够改善HCNTs与环氧树脂之间的界面相互作用,有利于两者之间的应力传递,从而使其力学性能得到进一步提高。     

石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及力学性能

分别通过超声共混法和原位还原法制备了石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的结构进行了表征,并对其力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,原位还原法制备的石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料中,氧化石墨烯已经被成功地还原为石墨烯,并且石墨烯具有良好的分散性。力学性能测试结果表明,两种方法制备的复合材料的力学强度较纯环氧树脂明显提高。当石墨烯的量为m(GO)/m(EP)=0.3/100时,超声混合法制备的石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别最大提高约29.2%和1.4%;而原位还原法制备的石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别最大提高约40.5%和9.4%。     

拟薄水铝石改性环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能

采用水热合成法制备拟薄水铝石(AlOOH)纳米棒,以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为表面改性剂,制得mAlOOH,以环氧树脂(Epoxy,EP)为基体,制备AlOOH/EP和mAlOOH/EP复合材料。研究AlOOH和mAlOOH的填充量对AlOOH/EP及mAlOOH/EP复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,mAlOOH明显提高了mAlOOH/EP复合材料的力学性能。mAlOOH的填充量为4wt%时,mAlOOH/EP复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别比聚合物基体分别提高了259%和44%;填充量不超过5wt%时,mAlOOH/EP的介电常数与介电损耗均略低于纯环氧树脂。当添加量为3wt%时,mAlOOH/EP具有最低的介电常数和介电损耗及最高的玻璃化转变温度(123℃)。      

蒙脱土和碳纳米管共掺改性环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能和热性能

采用有机化蒙脱土(OMMT)和碳纳米管(MWCNTs)2种纳米材料改性双酚A型环氧树脂。通过溶液共混法制备OMMT/EP、MWCNTs/EP、OMMT/MWCNTs/EP环氧树脂纳米复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的冲击断面,测试了复合材料的力学性能和热性能,探讨了OMMT、MWCNTs增韧环氧树脂的机理。结果表明,当试样中OMMT质量分数为4%,MWCNTs质量分数为0.7%时,OMMT/EP、MWCNTs/EP和OMMT/MWCNTs/EP的冲击强度分别达到16.8kJ/m2,23.1kJ/m2,30.4kJ/m2,较未掺杂环氧树脂分别提高了16.7%,60.4%,110%。弯曲强度较未改性环氧树脂分别提高了27.54%,35.74%,54.12%。3种复合材料的热分解温度和马丁耐热温度均较未改性环氧树脂略有提高。     

三维编织碳复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

采用真空辅助RTM工艺制备了三维编织碳纤维增强环氧树脂(C3D/EP)复合材料,通过对树脂的粘度特性和固化特性的分析,确定了最佳的工艺参数.金相显微镜对复合材料微观结构的观察表明树脂对纤维的浸润良好.同时,还研究了该工艺制备的C3D/EP复合材料的力学性能,结果表明随着纤维体积比的增加,复合材料的硬度、弯曲强度和冲击强度均提高,断口的扫描电镜观察表明复合材料的破坏方式是以脆性断裂为主.     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

Mechanisms of Corosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

Selected topics in field of the study of the mechanisms of corrosion and of oxidation of metals or alloys are presented. The first part reports a new model for the mechanism of the breakaway oxidation of ferritic stainless steels in water vapour. The second part is devoted to the physico‐chemical aspects of oxidation and presents experimental methods useful in the kinetic modelling applied to two alloys, the zircalloy‐4 and an AlMg5 % in the liquid state. In the third part the physical and numerical modelling of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour in face‐centered cubic (fcc) alloys is detailed, which enables the study of the influence of macroscopic parameters (such as the temperature or hydrogen activity) on the fracture process.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Preparation and characterization of phosphate and arsenate apatites of strontium and their solid solutions

Samples of phosphate and arsenate apatites of strontium and six of their solid solutions, spread over the entire compositional range, were prepared by a wet method. They were characterized by chemical, X-ray, electron microscopic and infrared analyses. The validity of Vegard's law established the homogeneity of the solid solutions.     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。