基于编码光栅和外极线约束的曲面匹配算法研究

提出了一种新的基于编码光栅和外极线约束的三维曲面匹配算法,该算法有效解决了立体视觉中的图像匹配问题,即左右图像光栅条纹的对应关系确定问题。另外,采用外极线约束将可能的候选点限制在直线分布,即将查找范围由二维降为一维。这种算法极大地减小了图像匹配的运算量,同时减小了错误匹配的概率。实验表明,采用编码光栅投影与外极线约束的视觉测量能够准确有效地匹配出自由曲面的三维立体轮廓。     

非球型回转体的内轮廓光电图象测量系统

介绍了一种基于人工视觉的三维内曲面轮廓的光电图象测量系统.该系统由光学测量、激光扫描、计算机图象处理、计算机控制各子系统所组成,用它来对现代工业工程中的非球型回转体曲型零件的内轮廓进行非接触测量,得到所需零件的边缘轮廓和三维内曲面的图象信息.并论述了系统的测量原理、组成和特点.     

基于粘性目标约束和外极约束的自由曲面三维轮廓术

准确地获取实体的三维信息一直是精密测试，CAD／CAM，机器人导向等领域的重要课题，本文提出了一种新的基于粘性目标约束和外极约束的自由曲面立体视觉测量方法，这种方法有效解决了立体视觉中的图像匹配问题，外极约束将可能的侯选点限制于直线分布，引入粘性目标用以确定光栅条纹的级次，这种方法极大地减小图像匹配的运算量，同时减小了错误匹配的概率，实现表明，采用光栅投影主动视觉传感器能高效准确地测量自由曲面的三维轮廓。     

一种基于双目立体视觉的激光线扫描技术

针对线结构激光扫描系统标定成本高,而双目立体视觉测量中立体匹配难的问题,提出了在双目立体视觉的原理上,结合线结构激光扫描的方法实现对被测物体的三维测量。该方法采用张正友相机标定方法对系统进行立体标定;采用BOUGUET’S法对左右相机图像进行立体校正;运用重心法进行激光中心线的精确提取。在图像校正的基础上,可快速实现激光中心线位置的立体匹配;再结合线扫描原理可完成对物体的扫描工作。最后,使用该系统对具有复杂自由曲面的鞋楦进行测量,结果表明:该方法能快速准确地测量出符合要求的三维数据。     

基于多频外差原理的三维测量技术

提出了一种基于外差原理的三维测量技术,该技术由相位移法、外差原理和双目立体视觉3部分组成。相位移法和外差原理相结合能够自动完成相位展开,同时保持相移法原有的相位求解精度;然后根据相位展开后的相位图,使用双目立体视觉原理自动完成左、右对应点的立体匹配和被测物体的点云重构。利用基于多频外差原理的三维测量技术建立了一套三维测量系统,该系统由2个CCD摄像机和1个DLP投影仪组成。利用上述系统对人脸模型进行测量试验,测量结果表明该系统能够完成复杂自由曲面的测量,测量数据完整可靠。     

一种线结构光自扫描测量系统的研究

为了实现对复杂自由曲面的快速精确测量,提出了一种由CCD摄像机、振镜和激光线投射器组成的全视觉自扫描测量系统。该系统利用光学三角法确定了一种新的测量物体表面三维坐标的方式。基于该方式,此测量系统使用平面靶标实现了对摄像机内部参数的标定,借助振镜转动驱动激光平面完成了对摄像机视场内被测物体的扫描,最终根据激光平面方程和计算机二维平面图像信息获得了被测物体的三维数据。试验结果证明,该系统能以较快速度实现自由曲面的精确测量。     

采用光学定位跟踪技术的三维数据拼接算法

为了实现大型自由曲面的三维面型测量,提出了采用光学定位跟踪技术的数据拼接方法。平面靶标作为中介,固定在测量系统上,靶标上的特征点在测量坐标系中的坐标通过中介坐标转换法获得。利用双目立体视觉构建跟踪定位系统,并以跟踪坐标系为全局坐标系,获取平面靶标上特征点的三维全局坐标,求得测量坐标系到全局坐标系的转换矩阵,将测量传感器在不同位置下所测的各子区域的三维数据统一到全局坐标系下,完成大型自由曲面的全局测量。对平面靶标上100个点进行两次测量,实验结果表明：单次测量精度为0.08mm,拼接均方误差小于0.237mm。该方法操作简单、可行,能满足一般的精度要求。     

显微立体视觉小尺度测量系统的标定

结合透视投影模型、非参数化的光学畸变模型以及光束平差算法,提出并实现了一种标定显微立体视觉系统光路的方法。首先,通过光刻方法制作了用于显微立体视觉系统标定的标定参考物,并利用待标定系统采集标定参考物不同方位的图像。然后,基于非参数化的光学畸变模型,采用样条曲面计算得到显微立体视觉系统的畸变校正场,并结合透视投影模型建立显微立体视觉系统的完整成像模型。最后,利用光束平差算法对所建立的成像模型进行标定计算和优化调整。搭建了显微立体视觉小尺度测量装置,验证了提出的标定方法的可行性。通过标定获得了测量装置两个光路的焦距和相对方位等参数,并借助于高精度四轴位移台对标定结果进行了精度验证。结果表明,采用本文方法标定后位移测量的精度优于1%,能够满足微胀形实验中三维变形测量的要求。该标定方法也可用于其他显微视觉检测领域。     

基于双目视觉的工件尺寸在机三维测量

由于传统测量方法及仪器设备无法满足在机实时检测工件三维尺寸的要求,本文基于双目立体视觉视差原理,搭建了一套可在车间现场操作的在机测量工件三维尺寸的视觉系统.首先,介绍了改进的基于平面圆靶标的双目视觉测量系统标定方法.然后,用阈值分割算法从背景中识别出待测工件,采用Canny算子和多边形逼近法提取工件轮廓和轮廓关键特征点,并在极线约束的特征点匹配算法基础上,提出一种基于灰度相关的密集型精匹配算法,获得了工件边缘轮廓关键特征点云的三维坐标数据.最后,对匹配所得特征点云进行数据处理和特征拟合计算,得到了工件的关键尺寸.在车间数控机床上对有斜面及孔结构的工件进行了在机测量实验,结果显示,该系统检测精度达±1.3％以上.     

基于成像模拟法的镜面体表面三维测量

针对计算机视觉对表面光滑且连续的镜面体三维外形测量中存在的难题,提出一种基于成像模拟法的测量方法。分析镜面反射的几何光学原理,根据镜面体表面光线反射的特性,使用相机和液晶显示器组成测量装置对镜面物体进行测量。使用平面镜对相机和显示器进行参数标定,并使用时间相移法对显示器上的像素点进行编码,从相机拍摄的镜面物体反射的条纹图像出发,采用光线逆跟踪方法,使用参数曲面反向模拟镜面物体的反光过程,通过调整曲面参数使得模拟的反射光线和显示器交点与实际位置距离误差最小,即可获得镜面体表面的三维数据。通过试验验证了该方法的有效性,具有较高的测量精度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.