基于知识增强的中文电子病历命名实体识别

针对中文电子病历中医疗嵌套实体难以处理的问题, 本文基于RoBERTa-wwm-ext-large预训练模型提出一种知识增强的中文电子病历命名实体识别模型ERBEGP. RoBERTa-wwm-ext-large采用的全词掩码策略能够获得词级别的语义表示, 更适用于中文文本. 首先结合知识图谱, 使模型学习到了大量的医疗实体名词, 进一步提高模型对电子病历实体识别的准确性. 然后通过BiLSTM对电子病历输入序列编码, 能够更好捕获病历的中上下语义信息. 最后利用全局指针网络模型EGP (efficient GlobalPointer)同时考虑实体的头部和尾部的特征信息来预测嵌套实体, 更加有效地解决中文电子病历命名实体识别任务中嵌套实体难以处理的问题. 在CBLUE中的4个数据集上本文方法均取得了更好的识别效果, 证明了ERBEGP模型的有效性.     

多目标动态规划在电子病历结构化的应用

电子病历结构化可以理解为在自由文本中找到合适的关键字,目前在自由文本中提取关键字的方法有实体识别和中文分词,但由于电子病历结构化是要在多种语义关联下找合适的关键字,而实体识别和中文分词不能达到其目标。因此根据已有的结构元素数据库建立倒排索引找到一组最合适的简单元素组合,利用多目标动态规划进行最优化组合,利用求交集方法找到复杂元素从而找出最优的一组序列即为该电子病历的结构化。通过系统实现得到利用该方法不仅可以找到结构元素,而且找到的结构元素之间有一定的语义关联。     

一种基于语义和统计特征的中文文本特征表示方法

基于关键词集的中文文本特征表示方法难以准确表示文本语义信息,从而导致聚类质量较差.为了解决这个问题,本文将本体论和词共现模型的思想引入到中文文本的特征表示中,并在此基础上提出了一种基于语义和统计特征的中文文本特征表示方法.本方法在统计特征的基础上加入了基于知网和特征项共现的语义特征,实验结果表明该方法更加准确地表示了中文文本的语义信息,使得中文文本自动聚类的质量提高了近18%.     

基于条件提示与序列标注的电子病历关系三元组识别

电子病历是诊疗过程中记录患者健康状况的档案, 文本中分布着大量的医学实体, 其中蕴含着丰富的医学信息. 目前医学领域的关系抽取模型主要是通过关系分类的方法识别两个给定医学实体之间的语义关系. 中文电子病历具有实体高密度分布的特点. 针对这个问题, 本文提出了一种基于条件提示与序列标注的关系三元组识别方法, 将关系三元组识别任务转换为序列标注任务. 关系三元组中的头实体和关系类型作为条件提示信息, 通过序列标注方法识别电子病历文本中与条件提示信息有关联的尾实体. 在中文电子病历数据集上的实验证明本文方法能有效识别中文电子病历中的关系三元组.     

基于层次特征提取的文本分类研究

随着信息技术的发展,文本信息数据正在爆炸式增长,从众多的文本数据中有效地获取有用信息是一个值得研究的问题。针对该任务提出基于层次特征提取的文本分类模型,考虑文本中句子级别的语义内容以及文本级别的语义内容,依次使用两种神经网络模型建模句子级的语义内容和文本级的语义内容,从而得到关于文本的全面特征,进而基于此特征对文本进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法能够更加准确地提取文本的特征,具有更高的分类准确度。     

自由文本电子病历信息抽取综述

电子病历信息抽取技术能够从自由文本电子病历中获取到有用的关键信息,从而为医院的信息管理和后续的信息分析处理工作提供帮助。简要介绍了现阶段自由文本电子病历信息抽取的主要流程,分析了近十几年来关于自由文本电子病历中命名实体、实体修饰与实体间关系三类关键信息的单独抽取以及联合抽取方法的研究成果,对这些成果所采用的主要方法、使用的数据集、最终的实验效果等进行了对比总结。除此之外,还对最新的几种流行方法的特点以及优缺点进行了分析,对目前电子病历信息抽取领域常用数据集进行了总结,分析了目前国内相关领域的现状和发展趋势。     

融合词语统计特征和语义信息的文本分类方法研究

为了更好地表示文本语义信息,提高文本分类准确率,改进了特征权重计算方法,并融合特征向量与语义向量进行文本表示.首先基于文本复杂网络实现文本特征提取,接着利用网络节点统计特征改进TF-IDF得到特征向量,再基于LSTM抽取语义向量,最后将特征向量与语义向量相融合,使新的文本表示向量信息区分度更高.以网络新闻数据为实验对象的实验结果表明,改进特征权重计算方法,在特征向量中引入了语义和结构信息,并融合特征向量和语义向量,能进一步丰富文本信息,改善文本分类效果.     

基于概念关系的文本特征提取方法*

针对基于词频统计的T D‐ID F文本特征提取方法缺乏对文本中概念关系处理,而使提取到的文本特征具有概念冗余、特征不明确等问题,提出基于本体概念相似度的词频统计方法。利用文本元素之间的语义相似度调整特征元素的词频,突出特征元素的语义贡献、消除特征冗余,增强特征集合元素的特征独立性。最后结合文本概念的共现特性,对可能出现某些重要特征元素因词频统计而被忽略的问题进行处理,从而准确、高效地提取文本特征。     

基于统计与词汇语义特征的中文文本蕴涵识别

对中文这种意合型语言而言,为了进行文本内容理解和文本语义推理,必须识别文本间的蕴涵关系.针对中文文本,在文本预处理的基础上,提取中文文本的相关统计特征和词汇语义特征;基于获取的统计与词汇语义特征,使用支持向量机设计并实现分类器对中文文本对间蕴涵关系进行分类.实验结果表明,基于统计与词汇语义特征进行中文文本蕴涵关系识别是可行的.     

基于协同聚类的两阶段文本聚类方法

为了将语义信息用于文本聚类和有效地进行特征选择,文中提出一种基于协同聚类的两阶段文本聚类方法.该方法分别对文档和特征进行聚类从而得到特征与主题之间的语义关联关系.然后利用此关系来相互调整彼此的聚类结果.实验结果表明,利用特征与主题之间的语义关联关系能有效提高聚类效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.