真丝绸涂料拔染印花

为改进真丝绸拔染印花的色牢度，选用涂料代替染料进行印花。通过试验，筛选耐拔涂料、增稠剂、粘合剂和湿摩擦牢度增进剂，发现拔白剂宜选择次硫酸氢型，增稠剂为化学增稠剂，并进行二次增稠，粘合剂选用101-APF；用湿摩擦牢度增进剂处理时，可将其直接加入至色浆中，工艺简单，效果好。涂料拔染印花真丝绸保持了丝绸的柔软手感，各项色牢度均较佳，尤其是湿摩擦牢度，可达3级或以上。     

涂料印花摩擦牢度的影响因素

针对涂料印花产品摩擦牢度和水洗牢度较差的难题,探讨了色浆和黏合剂性能对浅中深色印花色牢度的影响.试验结果表明:当涂料粒径＜100 nm时,涂料印花牢度较高;涂料粒径在100～300 nm,印花牢度较差;涂料粒径＞600 nm时,印花牢度又显著提高.涂料粒径越小,印花手感越好.摩擦牢度与黏合剂的含固量关系不大;湿摩擦牢度与黏合剂的吸水性有关,吸水性越高,湿摩擦牢度越差.     

水性聚氨酯黏合剂在涂料印花中的应用

将自制的水性聚氨酯黏合剂应用于纯棉织物的涂料印花,考察了黏合剂和增稠剂用量、焙烘条件等工艺参数对印后织物的牢度性能、硬挺度和手感的影响,确定了涂料印花工艺处方:涂料6%,黏合剂30%,增稠剂2.0%,焙烘温度160℃,焙烘时间4 min。该黏合剂的干、湿摩擦牢度达到4级,皂洗牢度达到4级及以上,印后织物手感柔软,印制效果基本达到国内同类产品的水平。     

改性水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯涂料印花黏合剂

采用丙烯酸酯改性后的水性聚氨酯作为黏合剂,应用于纯棉织物涂料印花,考察了黏合剂、增稠剂、柔软剂用量和焙烘条件等工艺参数对印后织物牢度性能、硬挺度和手感的影响。水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯黏合剂在涂料印花中的最佳工艺条件为:黏合剂4%,增稠剂1.4%,柔软剂40 g/L,焙烘温度150℃,时间3 min。该工艺印制的产品手感柔软,得色量高,其干湿摩擦牢度和皂洗牢度可达4级。     

改性丙烯酸酯类涂料印花黏合剂JP的制备及应用

摘要:将传统的丙烯酸酯类黏合剂通过有机硅改性的方法合成了一种新型的涂料印花黏合剂JP,将其应用于棉针织物的印花中。测试了涂料印花黏合剂JP的物化性能,并通过单因素试验探讨了黏合剂JP用量、交联剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对棉针织物涂料印花色牢度和手感的影响,优化得出最佳工艺,且与传统黏合剂比较了加工后织物的色牢度和手感。结果表明,黏合剂JP用于棉针织物涂料印花的最佳工艺:焙烘温度140℃,焙烘时间4 min,交联剂用量10 g/L,黏合剂用量20 g/L。用该工艺进行印花,加工织物的摩擦牢度可提高一级,皂洗牢度提高半级,且织物手感柔软滑爽。     

改性丙烯酸酯类涂料印花黏合剂JP的制备及应用

将传统的丙烯酸酯类黏合剂通过有机硅改性的方法合成了一种新型的涂料印花黏合剂JP,将其应用于棉针织物的印花中。测试了涂料印花黏合剂JP的物化性能,并通过单因素试验探讨了黏合剂JP用量、交联剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对棉针织物涂料印花色牢度和手感的影响,优化得出最佳工艺,且与传统黏合剂比较了加工后织物的色牢度和手感。结果表明,黏合剂JP用于棉针织物涂料印花的最佳工艺:焙烘温度140℃,焙烘时间4 min,交联剂用量10 g/L,黏合剂用量20 g/L。用该工艺进行印花,加工织物的摩擦牢度可提高一级,皂洗牢度提高半级,且织物手感柔软滑爽。     

无溶剂聚脲涂料印花黏合剂的制备与应用

用甲基异丁基甲酮MIBK对聚醚胺D2000进行封端,合成的D2000-MIBK与胺类扩链剂6200、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体HDI、聚酯改性固化剂SP-103P复配,得到聚脲作为印花黏合剂。该黏合剂具有无溶剂、凝胶时间适当、成膜手感柔软、力学性能优良并耐高温的优点。向聚脲中加入25%增稠剂及5%色浆得到涂料,对织物进行转移印花,印花织物干湿摩擦色牢度、耐水洗色牢度均≥4.5级,耐日晒色牢度≥4级,满足涂料印花的要求。     

荧光涂料圆网印花工艺的分析

阐述了荧光涂料在印花色牢度、环保、印花色浆对设备的磨损等方面的问题。详细地分析了荧光涂料印花浆中黏合剂、增稠剂等助剂的选择,以及荧光涂料圆网印花工艺参数的确定。指出了前处理以及后整理工艺对织物手感、色牢度和荧光度的影响。     

无水化涂料印花新工艺新技术

本项目在广泛优选国内外涂料粘合剂、增稠剂及其辅助剂的基础上,自行研究开发了适合在丝绸及含丝多元纤维交织或混纺轻薄型织物涂料印花应用的粘合剂、增稠剂、交联剂及涂料专用的柔软剂和湿摩擦牢度增进剂。深入研究了拔染剂性能、花色涂料性能之间的内在联系,着重优选了新型的高效无／低甲醛拔染剂和稳定的真丝绸涂料拔染印花超柔软专用复合浆、耐拔花色涂料,开发出适用于高档真丝及含丝多元纤维轻薄型织物全涂料直接印花技术以及环保型高色牢度涂料拔印花技术。     

丝绸涂料直接印花

对粘合剂、涂料色浆、保水剂、手感改善剂、色牢度改善剂、增稠剂和工艺条件进行优选,着重解决了涂料印花手感、色浆堵塞网眼、色牢度等问题,从而使丝绸印染行业能够采用涂料批量印制不复色的细茎、泥点、小块面图案为主的印花绸。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.