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化石能源的广泛使用使得地球上出现了严重的温室效应和空气污染,且化石能源的储量也逐步下降,造成的能源危机日益严重。为了应对这些挑战,人们开始着力寻找清洁无污染的高效可再生能源。氢能因具有超高的燃烧热及零排放的特点而被认为是最理想的清洁能源。镁基储氢材料因具有高的质量储氢密度,且因镁的地壳含量高、成本低等优点而备受关注。镁基储氢材料水解可以产生高纯度的氢,而且副产物对环境无污染,因此被认为是最有应用前景的制氢方式之一。纯Mg和MgH2水解可以分别产生6.4%和3.4%(质量分数)的H2,但镁基储氢材料水解反应产生难溶于水的Mg(OH)2,导致其反应动力学缓慢。近年来,通过将金属、金属氢化物与镁基储氢材料进行复合或者在水解反应时添加酸和无机盐等手段有效提高了氢产率和反应动力学性能。综述了镁基储氢材料水解制氢的最新研究进展,并对其未来的发展提出了展望。 相似文献
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金属间化合物Mg17Al12具有易粉化、氢化等优势,其氢化产物可作为原料用于水解制氢,1g Mg17Al12氢化物(记为MHA)可以产生1510.8mL的氢气,但纯MHA水解性能较差,需对其进行改性。研究了MHA中添加LaH3,测试了该复合体系的水解性能,并研究了球磨时间对复合体系水解性能的影响。研究表明,随着球磨时间的延长,水解性能逐渐变差;当MHA与含LaH3的Mg-La氢化物摩尔比为2∶1时,球磨时间为0.5h的复合体系水解性能最好,加热到70℃反应1.5h后,产氢量达到了90.9%。 相似文献
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甲酸(FA)因具有储氢量高、易加注等优点而成为极具应用前景的新型储氢材料, 寻求高效率催化剂对于解决甲酸制氢反应动力学缓慢的问题尤为重要。本工作以聚乙烯亚胺修饰石墨烯(PEI-rGO)作为催化剂衬底, 通过湿化学法制备PEI-rGO担载型AuPd纳米复合材料(Au0.3Pd0.7/PEI-rGO)。Au0.3Pd0.7/PEI-rGO催化剂在催化FA制氢的反应中表现出极其优异的活性, 在无添加剂辅助下的转化频率(TOF)为2357.5 molH2∙ molcatalyst -1∙h -1, 高于大多数相同反应条件下的异相催化剂。这归因于PEI-rGO衬底与AuPd纳米颗粒之间的强相互作用对金属活性组分的尺寸、分散度和电子结构的调控。此外, 循环测试结果表明该催化剂的稳定性良好。 相似文献
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预先在酵母菌模板表面沉积Co(OH)3, 经高温煅烧后成功制得Co3O4空心微球, 并作为前驱体催化NaBH4水解制氢。通过场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行样品的微观形貌和物相分析。研究结果表明, 当反应液中NaBH4含量为10wt%时, 模板法制备的Co3O4空心微球催化产氢速率高达2140 mL/(min•g) (25℃), 约是同等条件下无模板制备Co3O4活性的9倍, 且所制备的Co3O4空心微球长期储存性能良好。 相似文献
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本文介绍了利用金属氢化物热化学反应进行储能和使热能升级的原理、材料及简单系统装置,提供了一种简单、可行的新型供暖/降温方法和设备。 相似文献
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以氮化碳(g-C3N4)为载体,采用液相还原法制备了一系列Pd-P/g-C3N4催化剂用于甲酸分解制氢,通过优化还原温度和活性组分负载量可以显著提高催化剂性能。采用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对催化剂的晶相结构、微观形貌、活性组分分布以及价态进行分析,并通过甲酸分解制氢实验测试了催化剂的甲酸分解制氢活性。结果表明:使用次磷酸钠还原剂需要在较高还原温度(90℃)才能实现Pd-P活性组分在g-C3N4载体表面的高度分散,获得较小的纳米粒子,过高或过低的还原温度都不利于制备高性能催化剂。当Pd负载量为8.0%(质量分数)时,2-Pd-P/g-C3N4催化剂表现出最佳催化性能,通过动力学研究和Arrhenius方程计算得到该催化剂的甲酸分解活化能为33.83kJ/mol。 相似文献
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石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因其独特的性质、廉价的原料,成为光催化制氢领域研究的热点。但是g-C3N4仍然存在比表面积小、可见光利用率低、电子-空穴易复合等不足,限制了其光催化效率。主要从共聚、共价连接和表面修饰官能团等方面对氮化碳的分子结构修饰改性方法进行了综述。此外,还总结了分子结构修饰氮化碳在可见光吸收能力、电子和空穴的分离效率、活性位点反应性等方面提升光催化制氢活性的机制。最后,对氮化碳的分子修饰改性方面存在的挑战和前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Qiming Sun Ning Wang Qiang Xu Jihong Yu 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(44):2001818
Hydrogen has emerged as an environmentally attractive fuel and a promising energy carrier for future applications to meet the ever-increasing energy challenges. The safe and efficient storage and release of hydrogen remain a bottleneck for realizing the upcoming hydrogen economy. Hydrogen storage based on liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials is one of the most promising hydrogen storage techniques, which offers considerable potential for large-scale practical applications for its excellent safety, great convenience, and high efficiency. Recently, nanopore-supported metal nanocatalysts have stood out remarkably in boosting the field of liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage. Herein, the latest research progress in catalytic hydrogen production is summarized, from liquid-phase chemical hydrogen storage materials, such as formic acid, ammonia borane, hydrous hydrazine, and sodium borohydride, by using metal nanocatalysts confined within diverse nanoporous materials, such as metal–organic frameworks, porous carbons, zeolites, mesoporous silica, and porous organic polymers. The state-of-the-art synthetic strategies and advanced characterizations for these nanocatalysts, as well as their catalytic performances in hydrogen generation, are presented. The limitation of each hydrogen storage system and future challenges and opportunities on this subject are also discussed. References in related fields are provided, and more developments and applications to achieve hydrogen energy will be inspired. 相似文献
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高容量储氢材料的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
氢能是一种理想的二次能源.氢能开发和利用需要解决氢的制取、储存和利用3个问题,而氢的规模储运是现阶段氢能应用的瓶颈.氢的储存方法有高压气态储存、低温液态储存和固态储存等3种.固态储氢材料储氢是通过化学反应或物理吸附将氢气储存于固态材料中,其能量密度高且安全性好,被认为是最有发展前景的一种氖气储存方式.由轻元素构成的轻质高容量储氢材料,如硼氢化物、铝氢化物、氨摹氢化物等,理论储氢容量均达到5%(质量分数)以上,这为固态储氢材料与技术的突破带来了希望.新型储氢材料未来研究的重点将集中于高储氢容量、近室温操作、可控吸/放氢、长寿命的轻金属基氢化物材料与体系. 相似文献
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Qingsheng Gao Wenbiao Zhang Zhangping Shi Lichun Yang Yi Tang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(2)
As the key of hydrogen economy, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) depend on the availability of cost‐efficient electrocatalysts. Over the past years, there is a rapid rise in noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts. Among them, transition metal carbides (TMCs) are highlighted due to their structural and electronic merits, e.g., high conductivity, metallic band states, tunable surface/bulk architectures, etc. Herein, representative efforts and progress made on TMCs are comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the noble‐metal‐like electronic configuration and the relevant structural/electronic modulation. Briefly, specific nanostructures and carbon‐based hybrids are introduced to increase active‐site abundance and to promote mass transportation, and heteroatom doping and heterointerface engineering are encouraged to optimize the chemical configurations of active sites toward intrinsically boosted HER kinetics. Finally, a perspective on the future development of TMC electrocatalysts is offered. The overall aim is to shed some light on the exploration of emerging materials in energy chemistry. 相似文献
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面向21世纪的稀土工业 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国拥有世界上最丰富的稀土资源。1998年中国稀土氧化物(REO)的生产能力已达到20000t,几乎为世界需求的2倍,严重依赖出口,出口量占生产量的2/3。文章论述了稀土在冶金、永磁、储氢合金、催化剂、固体氧化物燃料电池和激光材料等方面的应用进展;指出我国未来稀土工业的方向是开发高技术含量和高附加值的产品,拓宽国内和国际市场。 相似文献
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Tuan K. A. Hoang David M. Antonelli 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2009,21(18):1787-1800
Hydrogen adsorption and storage using solid‐state materials is an area of much current research interest, and one of the major stumbling blocks in realizing the hydrogen economy. However, no material yet researched comes close to reaching the DOE 2015 targets of 9 wt% and 80 kg m?3 at this time. To increase the physisorption capacities of these materials, the heats of adsorption must be increased to ~20 kJ mol?1. This can be accomplished by optimizing the material structure, creating more active species on the surface, or improving the interaction of the surface with hydrogen. The main focus of this progress report are recent advances in physisorption materials exhibiting higher heats of adsorption and better hydrogen adsorption at room temperature based on exploiting the Kubas model for hydrogen binding: (η2‐H2)–metal interaction. Both computational approaches and synthetic achievements will be discussed. Materials exploiting the Kubas interaction represent a median on the continuum between metal hydrides and physisorption materials, and are becoming increasingly important as researchers learn more about their applications to hydrogen storage problems. 相似文献