刍议远程视频传输技术在道路交通监控中的运用要点

本文首先介绍了了道路交通监控远程视频传输的一般技术性要求,从传输距离、传输质量、传输容量等方面进行了详细的分析,并从性能和成本两个方面,对远程视频传输的技术方案做了权衡比较。     

应用大容量光纤配线架的思考

在综合布线的众多产品中,如果按照信息传输继续划分,可以分为传输部件和支撑部件。所谓传输部件是指直接参与信息传输的部件,例如:双绞线、光缆、     

铁路通信传输安全问题及应对研究

通信信号传输情况影响着列车运行效率、可靠性,其是实现对信息智能化处理与传输的重要基础。论文阐述了通信传输的主要特征,分析影响铁路通信传输安全的因素,包括设备、人为及自然灾害因素等,并以提升信号传输安全性为目标,探究以上问题的应对方法。     

谈广播电视传输覆盖网的建设

广播电视传输覆盖网,由广播电视发射台、转播台、广播电视卫星、卫星上行站、卫星收转站、微波站、监测台(站)及有线广播电视传输覆盖网等构成。广播电视传输覆盖网是国家信息化建设的重要组成部分,也是广播电视宣传工作的重要组成部分,是广播电视节目传输的重要技术手段,本文对广播电视传输覆盖网的建设与发展进行简要的分析。     

地铁无线视频传输系统设计

摘要地铁无线视频传输系统是提供车辆与车站、控制中心之间的视频传输通道的系统是负责提供电视监控系统、旅客信息系统的车地之间的无线传输通道。本文主要以无线视频传输系统在某地铁的实际应用为例,对该系统的系统架构,传输系统网络、车地无线双向实时传输系统、车载局域网、车辆段和停车场等部分的设计进行了介绍。     

传输资源管理系统实际应用与问题讨论

由于中国移动网络的飞速发展,传输设备、线路、电路等资源的规模不断扩大,传输资源管理是传输维护的重中之重,维护管理任务量越来越大,维护管理工作的准确性要求也越来越高。为了更好保障整个传输网络的正常运行,提高传输网络资源的综合维护管理水平,提高传输网络资源的准确性,切实提高传输维护的工作效率,资源管理系统的优劣显得尤为重要。     

道路监控图像窄带传输方式探讨

随着宽带接入技术的发展,网络传输带宽速度越来越快、可靠性越来越好,道路监控图像的窄带传输似乎不合时宜。然而由于种种原因,在很多场景下可用带宽并不乐观,无法满足大量监控图像信息的传输。尤其是道路监控图像的传输,往往兼具跨网络传输、高传输成本与高实时性要求,特别容易产生带宽不足的问题。因而道路监控图像的窄带传输方式仍然是非常值得研究的主题。     

铁路通信传输安全问题探析

铁路系统中通信与信号传输是保证铁路系统正常运行的关键环节,近年来铁路系统的发展使通信与信号传输向指挥、控制、通信、及信息处理全面化功能性转换。然而其自身带来的不稳定因素,也为铁路通信安全带来一定威胁。本文首先说明了铁路通信传输特点,然后分析铁路通信传输安全的影响因素,最后详细阐述强化铁路通信传输安全的对策。     

超高层建筑视频监控系统传输方式探讨

重点阐述视频监控系统的几种传输方式：同轴线缆传输、点对点光纤传输、基于局域网的DVR传输、基于局域网及EPON专网的IPC/DVS传输。根据各传输方式的特点和应用范围,并结合超高层建筑的特点,对超高层建筑视频监控系统传输方式进行合理选择。     

磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统改进

在三线圈磁耦合谐振无线电能传输系统的基础上,改进了系统线圈结构。根据电路互感耦合理论,推导出改进三线圈磁耦合谐振无线电能传输系统传输功率和传输效率的数学理论表达式,阐述了耦合因数对传输功率与传输效率的影响。应用Or CAD与MATLAB软件对传输系统各个影响因素进行仿真分析,设计并制作了试验平台。仿真与试验结果表明:系统存在最佳功率传输和最佳效率传输,并提高了系统整体的传输距离。     

Analysis of an energy efficient building design through data mining approach

Incorporating energy efficiency and sustainable green design features into new/existing buildings has become a top priority in recent years for building owners, designers, contractors, and facility managers. This paper intends to address why delivery of an energy efficient building is not just the result of applying one or more isolated technologies. Rather, it can best be obtained using an integrated whole building process throughout the entire project development process, which leads building designers to generate a large amount of data during energy simulations. The authors observed that even a simple energy modeling run generated pages of data with many different variables. The volumes of energy modeling data clearly overwhelm traditional data analysis methods such as spreadsheets and ad-hoc queries with so many factors to be considered. An integrated or whole building design process involves studies of the energy-related impacts and interactions of all building components, including the building location, envelope (walls, windows, doors, and roof), heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, lighting, controls, and equipment, which shows why it is so difficult to find the correlation between different systems. The objective of this research is to develop an energy efficient building design process using data mining technology which can help project teams discover important patterns to improve the building design. This paper utilizes the data mining technology to extract interrelationships and patterns of interest from a large dataset. Case study revealed that data mining based energy modeling help project teams discover useful patterns to improve the energy efficiency of building design during the design phase. The method developed during this research could be used to guide designers and engineers through the process of completing an early design energy analysis based on energy simulation models.     

Shared conceptual model for the building envelope design process

The lack of communication and co-ordination among designers during the building envelope design process results in sub-optimal solutions leading to inadequate performance. To reverse this trend and to achieve better performance of the building envelope, professionals must be provided with computer integrated design tools which facilitate communication between participants and improve the transfer of data throughout the design process. This article presents a shared conceptual model that would enable integration in the building envelope design process. The wealth of data is organized into major envelope entities which are then decomposed into cohesive sets of data called primitives to form the conceptual model. Such a conceptual model should facilitate data exchange between design tasks, improve communications among designers and support the growth of data as the design process unfolds. The resulting conceptual model is implemented as a shared central database in an object-oriented database management system to experiment with integration.     

Design processes in collective innovation communities: a study of communication

Despite the growing importance of collective intelligence, little is known about the design processes that lead to effective social innovation. A study of communication describes design process visualisations from three sites for collective innovation, in terms of their ability to structure and present design tasks and to situate design communication within the context of these tasks. Empirical data on design communication provide the basis for protocol studies on three project forums from a website for social product design. Mechanisms were identified which describe ways in which collective innovation produces successful solutions shaped by community input: (1) structuring design as a hybrid process, which combines online communities for design development and appointed experts or inbuilt system features for technical and organisational aspects; (2) providing distinct roles for users to assume and manageable tasks for them to perform; (3) clarifying task requirements; and (4) supporting social communication to strengthen the impact of ideas, with particular focus on the social processes of ideation and evaluation. A framework is defined for structuring and understanding the management of collective innovation processes and the roles of participants. These findings have significant practical and theoretical implications for social innovation.     

Making an engine: performativities of building information standards

ABSTRACT

Digitization of buildings requires the systematic handling of a variety and volumes of data. It is a common vision to aim for coordinated homogenization of data structures, enabled by the classification of information. This paper studies the role of building information standards for classification in digitization of the building life cycle. It draws on science and technology studies of information technology standards, big data and building information modelling (BIM) in building research. The approach is based on performativity of standards for information systems, viewing performativity as potentially non-linear and multiple. The five-year design process of a large hospital in Denmark is examined as episodes of performance of the building information standard, particularly one recent standard, the Cuneco Classification System (CCS). The study shows that despite client demands, several building information standards are active over time: an ‘expansive’ design brief process adds user demands and uses room classification. Another process diminishes the design brief more than 50%, with several standards in use. The client’s facilities management system, which performs the structuring of data ‘backwards’ into the design process, makes architects and engineers (but not contractors) use CCS. This fragmentation of performing standards is denoted ‘multiple performativities’ and includes temporal and compartmental performativity.     

An interoperability workbench for design analysis integration

Past design analysis integration efforts have addressed the need to achieve seamless data integration between design and analysis software applications. These efforts have been dominated by an interoperability focus. Recently, it has been recognized that these solutions suffer from several limitations. For one, they assume a ‘perfect world’ in which all information is structured and all mappings between design and analysis representations exist on a generic level. Secondly, most interoperability solutions have a data focus, whereas true design analysis integration requires a “language” to express both analysis requests and the answers that are generated by experts responding to these requests. An intrinsic part of this language is the logic of the design analysis process. Hence, the integration effort requires a strong process rather than data focus. The Design Analysis Integration (DAI)-Initiative aims to steer towards new solutions for design analysis integration that may overcome the limitations of current data-centric interoperability approaches. This paper reports on the first phase of the development, which has produced a first-generation ‘workbench’ prototype for managing a process driven design analysis dialogue. The workbench is meant to enable a more robust use of existing building models such as IFC for the mapping to simulation tools. The paper presents the underlying theories, prototype development, and findings from the research and concludes with a discussion of future work, targeting extension and benchmarking of the current prototype.     

Automated performance measurement for 3D building modeling decisions

Building information modeling (BIM) is instrumental in documenting design, enhancing customer experience, and improving product functionality in capital projects. However, high-quality building models do not happen by accident, but rather because of a managed process that involves several participants from different disciplines and backgrounds. Throughout this process, the different priorities of design modelers often result in conflicts that can negatively impact project outcomes. To prevent such unwanted outcomes from occurring, the modeling process needs to be effectively managed. This effective management requires an ability to closely monitor the modeling process and correctly measure the modelers' performance. Nevertheless, existing methods of performance monitoring in building design practices lack an objective measurement system to quantify modeling progress. The widespread utilization of BIM tools presents a unique opportunity to retrieve granular design process data and conduct accurate performance measurements. This research improves upon previous efforts by presenting a novel application programming interface (API)-enabled approach to (a) automatically collect detailed model development data directly from BIM software packages in real-time, and (b) efficiently calculate several modeling performance measures during schematic and design development phases of building projects. These indicators can be used to properly arrange modeling teams in the quest for high-quality building models. The specific objectives of this study to examine the feasibility of a proposed automated design performance measurement framework, and to identify optimal modeling team configurations using empirical performance information. A passive data recording approach allows for the real-time capture of comprehensive user interface (UI) interaction and model element modification events. The proposed framework is implemented as an Autodesk Revit plugin. Next, an experiment is conducted to capture data using the developed Revit plugin. Experiment participants' individual production rates are estimated to establish the validity of the proposed approach to identify the optimal design team configuration. The presented approach uses the earliest due date (EDD) sequencing rule in combination with the critical path method (CPM) to calculate the maximum lateness for different design team arrangements.     

Data evaluation of full-scale wastewater treatment plants by mass balance

Measured data of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often contains errors. These errors can prohibit the use of WWTP data for process evaluation, process design, benchmarking or modelling purposes. In this paper a practical stepwise methodology is presented to check WWTP data using mass balances. The presented results show that poor WWTP data quality leads to large errors when calculating key operational conditions such as the solids retention time (SRT), oxygen consumption (OC) and the different internal conversions rates. By improving WWTP data quality using mass balance calculations useful new information becomes available for process evaluation, WWTPs design and benchmarking.     

PassivBIM: Enhancing interoperability between BIM and low energy design software

The process of building design is currently undergoing some major changes. In an attempt to mitigate climate change, the design of more sustainable buildings is advocated by the UK government. Furthermore, standalone design methods are being replaced with the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The adoption of BIM has been documented to result in many benefits, which range from time to cost savings. During the initial planning stages, building performance simulation (BPS) can be used to inform design decisions. Data can be exchanged between BIM and BPS tools using data transfer schemas such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The IFC schema lacks an energy domain, and as a result, an extension is proposed in this paper. This contains energy concepts from a BPS tool called Passive House Planning Package (PHPP). The extended schema was developed by way of an externally coupled Java tool, which facilitates the transfer of data, and informs the building design decision-making process. The process of geometry extraction has been validated with several case studies, which are based on certified Passivhaus buildings in Hannover Kronsberg, Germany and Ebbw Vale, Wales. The amount of error is acceptable, and it is mostly due to differences in the initial BIM model setup, not due to the processing of IFC files.     

ISICAD: Interactive System for Integrating CAD and Computer-Based Construction Systems

Abstract: The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry is extremely fragmented. Professionals from various organizations are involved in different project phases requiring constant transfer of data among participants. Islands of automation exist throughout the project life cycle. However, methods for sharing data across discipline boundaries are still precarious. Improved methods for generating, sharing, and maintaining project data not only reduce fragmentation but also increase competitiveness by bridging gaps between and within project phases.
The primary objective of this research is to develop ISICAD (interactive system for integrating CAD and computer-based construction systems) which captures selected design data and represents these data in an object-oriented project model during the design stage of AEC projects. In the heirarchy of object-oriented classes and subclasses, the design data get inherited; hence all functional, geometric, structural, construction, and design evolution data from the different design domains—architectural, engineering, contractual, estimation, management, scheduling, etc.—are shared across class boundaries. This design data can be used as input to various computer-based construction systems (e.g., knowledge-based planning system) and to support reasoning about geometric, topologic, spatial, and temporal issues in the project life cycle. Consequently, the decoding of drawings is abolished from the AEC project process. More important, industry integration is increased.