高能锂离子电池的研究进展

近年来,锂离子电池因其优异的性能,发展十分迅速,锂离子电池的优异性能与电极材料的制备工艺及选择等密切相关,本文系统介绍了锂离子电池的工作原理,正负极材料及电解质的研究进展,并对锂离子电池研究中出现的问题提解决的途径。     

高电压尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料的研究进展

尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4锂离子电池正极材料具有高的放电电压,高的能量密度,优异的倍率性能和循环性能的优势,极有可能成为下一代的锂离子电池正极材料。阐述了锂离子电池正极材料5V尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的结构、主要制备方法,介绍了离子掺杂、表面包覆等提高材料结构稳定性,改善高温高倍率循环性能的改进手段,并简述了此材料的产业化现状,展望了发展前景。     

锂离子电池聚阴离子型硅酸盐正极材料的研究进展

综述了硅酸盐正极材料的设计、特性、制备及电化学性能,介绍了基于密度泛函理论的量子化学计算在锂离子电池材料设计中的方法和理论,认为进一步开展Li2MSiO4及其复合材料的理论和实验研究可以获得性能优异的高容量正极材料.     

MXenes二维纳米材料及其在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展

锂离子电池被认为是富有前途的能源储存器件,寻找高性能锂电池新材料已成为全世界的研究热点。MXenes材料是一种新型过渡金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物二维纳米材料的统称,具有比表面积大、导电性能好、储锂容量较高、循环和倍率性能优异等特点,是一种具有光明应用前景的锂离子电池材料。本文对MXenes材料在锂离子电池应用研究中的重大突破进行了综述,介绍了其制备方法、结构性能、储锂机理,归纳了其在锂离子电池中的具体应用及机制,分析了当前存在问题。综述指出MXenes材料研究,应利用其自身亲水性和导电性优势,在复合电极材料、自支撑电极材料等方面重点部署,为高性能锂子电池关键技术带来突破。     

二维纳米材料MXene及其在锂离子电池中的应用研究进展

自20世纪90年代可充电锂离子电池商业化以来,其研究与开发迅速发展.然而研究表明,在锂离子电池中,高速率充电/放电过程会降低锂离子电池的电化学性能.因此,众多研究者致力于开发具有优异的电化学性能、高能量密度和高功率密度的先进电极材料,以进行更好的能量存储和转换.二维(2D)材料由于其独特的性能而表现出巨大的储能潜力.近年来,衍生自MAX相前驱体的2D过渡金属碳化物/氮化物新系列MXene引起了广泛关注.MXene具有化学和结构多样性,因此与其他2D材料相比,在高功率锂离子电池应用中具有竞争力.研究发现,MXene具有优异的物理及化学性质,其中包括非凡的机械强度、出色的导电性、多种可能的表面终止、优异的比表面积以及容纳嵌入剂的能力.当用作锂基电池的电极材料时,MXene已表现出卓越的电化学性能.文中对MXene材料制备路线、结构类型及性质进行介绍,并进一步介绍了MXene材料的储锂机理,归纳总结了MXene在锂离子电池中应用研究的最新进展,最后概述了用于锂基能量存储设备的MXene和MXene基复合材料的挑战和前景,并提出杂原子掺杂、插层以及与其他电极材料复合正成为改善MXene材料在LIB中电化学性能的新方向.     

石墨烯及其复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

石墨烯作为一种锂离子电池负极材料表现出优异的电化学性能。本文介绍了石墨烯负极材料、金属/石墨烯复合材料、金属氧化物/石墨烯复合材料和其他石墨烯复合材料的研究现状,阐述了石墨烯作为负极材料的优越性,展望了石墨烯及其复合复合材料在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池正极材料研究进展

随着社会的迅速发展，能源短缺和环境恶化两大问题严重制约了全球社会文明发展以及经济发展。锂离子电池具有能量密度高、自放电率小、无记忆效应、循环性能好等诸多优点，广泛应用于各种电子设备、新能源汽车、储能系统等领域。锂离子电池的正极材料直接决定了电池的性能，研究正极材料的制备方法至关重要。综述了溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展以及溶胶-凝胶法改性正极材料的制备，并对溶胶-凝胶法制备锂离子电池正极材料未来的研究方向进行展望。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的研究进展

综述了近几年锂离子电池正极材料层状三元过渡金属氧化物LiCoxNiyMn1-x-yO2的研究进展，重点讨论了综合性能优异的LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的电化学性能、结构、制备方法以及存在的不足，LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2与其它商业化正极材料相比具有高容量、热稳定性好、高倍率放电等诸多优异的性能，若能解决循环、存放等问题，将有望成为新一代锂离子电池正极材料。     

用于锂离子电池的石墨烯及其复合负极材料的研究进展

石墨烯复合材料因具有高比表面积、高比容量、优异的导电性、显著的化学稳定性,在锂离子电池领域具有巨大的应用前景。在负极复合材料中,石墨烯不仅可以形成导电网络提升复合材料的导电性能,而且还可以缓冲材料在充放电过程中的体积效应,提高了材料的倍率性能和循环寿命,为设计大容量高稳定性的锂离子电池提供了理论保证。因此制备不同组成和结构的石墨烯复合材料是一个非常有价值的课题。对近年来国内外运用不同方法制备不同组成和结构的石墨烯复合材料的研究结果做了综合评述和展望。     

核壳型锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

简述了核壳结构材料的特点、性能和制备方法,阐述了核壳结构锂离子电池正极材料对其放电比容量、循环性能的改善,综述了锂离子电池核壳正极材料的制备方法、结构特征和电化学性能等方面的最新研究进展,探讨了该类材料的优缺点并展望了其应用前景.     

柔性储能电池电极的设计、制备与应用EI北大核心CSCD

随着便携式、可穿戴电子器件的迅速发展,柔性储能器件的研究逐渐转向微型化、轻柔化和智能化等方向。同时人们对器件的能量密度、功率密度和力学性能有了更高的要求。电极材料作为柔性储能器件的核心部分,是决定器件性能的关键。柔性储能电子器件的发展,又迫切需要新型电池技术和快速、低成本且可精准控制其微结构的制备方法。因此,柔性锂/钠离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锌空电池等新型储能器件的研发成为目前学术界研究的热点。本文论述了近年来柔性储能电池电极的研究现状,着重对柔性电极材料的设计(独立柔性电极和柔性基底电极)、不同维度柔性电极材料的制备工艺(一维材料、二维材料和三维材料)和柔性储能电极的应用(柔性锂/钠离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锌空电池)进行对比分析,并对电极材料的结构特性和电化学性能进行了讨论。最后,指出了柔性储能器件目前所面临的问题,并针对此类问题展望了柔性储能器件未来的重点在于新型固态电解质的研发、器件结构的合理设计及封装技术的不断优化。     

层状结构正极材料的改性与研究

层状锂锰氧化物作为锂离子电池的正极材料，具有无毒、低成本、能量密度高等优点。综述了近年来锂离子电池层状正极材料的研究进展，主要讨论了层状锂锰氧化物掺杂改性对其结构和电化学性能的影响，以及多元复合材料LiMnxCoyNi1-x-yO2的结构特性、制备方法、各金属元素含量的变化对其电性能的影响。     

Beyond Intercalation‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions (Adv. Mater. 35/2010)

Despite the imminent commercial introduction of Li‐ion batteries in electric drive vehicles and their proposed use as enablers of smart grids based on renewable energy technologies, an intensive quest for new electrode materials that bring about improvements in energy density, cycle life, cost, and safety is still underway. This Progress Report highlights the recent developments and the future prospects of the use of phases that react through conversion reactions as both positive and negative electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries. By moving beyond classical intercalation reactions, a variety of low cost compounds with gravimetric specific capacities that are two‐to‐five times larger than those attained with currently used materials, such as graphite and LiCoO₂, can be achieved. Nonetheless, several factors currently handicap the applicability of electrode materials entailing conversion reactions. These factors, together with the scientific breakthroughs that are necessary to fully assess the practicality of this concept, are reviewed in this report.     

Beyond Intercalation‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions

Despite the imminent commercial introduction of Li‐ion batteries in electric drive vehicles and their proposed use as enablers of smart grids based on renewable energy technologies, an intensive quest for new electrode materials that bring about improvements in energy density, cycle life, cost, and safety is still underway. This Progress Report highlights the recent developments and the future prospects of the use of phases that react through conversion reactions as both positive and negative electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries. By moving beyond classical intercalation reactions, a variety of low cost compounds with gravimetric specific capacities that are two‐to‐five times larger than those attained with currently used materials, such as graphite and LiCoO₂, can be achieved. Nonetheless, several factors currently handicap the applicability of electrode materials entailing conversion reactions. These factors, together with the scientific breakthroughs that are necessary to fully assess the practicality of this concept, are reviewed in this report.     

Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide-Based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

The rapid development of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems requires novel electrode materials with high performance. A typical 2D nanomaterial, layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as promising materials used for EES systems due to their large specific surface areas and layer structures benefiting fast ion transport. The typical methods for the preparation of TMDs and TMD-based nanohybrids are first summarized. Then, in order to improve the electrochemical performance of various kinds of rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and other types of emerging batteries, the strategies for the design and fabrication of layered TMD-based electrode materials are discussed. Furthermore, the applications of layered TMD-based nanomaterials in supercapacitors, especially in untraditional supercapacitors, are presented. Finally, the existing challenges and promising future research directions in this field are proposed.     

Advances and Prospects of Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries via One‐to‐One Comparison with Conventional Liquid Lithium Ion Batteries

Owing to the safety issue of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) under the harsh operating conditions of electric vehicles and mobile devices, all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) that utilize inorganic solid electrolytes are regarded as a secure next‐generation battery system. Significant efforts are devoted to developing each component of ASSLBs, such as the solid electrolyte and the active materials, which have led to considerable improvements in their electrochemical properties. Among the various solid electrolytes such as sulfide, polymer, and oxide, the sulfide solid electrolyte is considered as the most promising candidate for commercialization because of its high lithium ion conductivity and mechanical properties. However, the disparity in energy and power density between the current sulfide ASSLBs and conventional LIBs is still wide, owing to a lack of understanding of the battery electrode system. Representative developments of ASSLBs in terms of the sulfide solid electrolyte, active materials, and electrode engineering are presented with emphasis on the current status of their electrochemical performances, compared to those of LIBs. As a rational method to realizing high energy sulfide ASSLBs, the requirements for the sulfide solid electrolytes and active materials are provided along through simple experimental demonstrations. Potential future research directions in the development of commercially viable sulfide ASSLBs are suggested.     

锂离子电池用多孔电极结构设计及制备技术进展

随着人们对锂离子电池需求的日益增加, 高能量密度和高功率密度锂离子电池技术成为研究热点之一。材料改性及新材料开发能有效提高电池的能量密度, 除此以外, 孔隙率、孔径大小与分布、曲折度及电极组分分布等电极的微观结构参数也是决定电极及电池性能的关键因素。通过优化电极结构设计提升高比能电池的性能逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。本文综述了锂离子电池多孔电极结构设计优化的研究进展, 总结了多孔电极结构设计要素及制备方法, 最后对电极结构设计优化以及推动新型制备技术的规模化应用在高比能锂离子电池领域的未来发展前景进行展望。     

Advanced Nanostructured Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sodium–ion batteries (NIBs), due to the advantages of low cost and relatively high safety, have attracted widespread attention all over the world, making them a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the inherent lower energy density to lithium–ion batteries is the issue that should be further investigated and optimized. Toward the grid‐level energy storage applications, designing and discovering appropriate anode materials for NIBs are of great concern. Although many efforts on the improvements and innovations are achieved, several challenges still limit the current requirements of the large‐scale application, including low energy/power densities, moderate cycle performance, and the low initial Coulombic efficiency. Advanced nanostructured strategies for anode materials can significantly improve ion or electron transport kinetic performance enhancing the electrochemical properties of battery systems. Herein, this Review intends to provide a comprehensive summary on the progress of nanostructured anode materials for NIBs, where representative examples and corresponding storage mechanisms are discussed. Meanwhile, the potential directions to obtain high‐performance anode materials of NIBs are also proposed, which provide references for the further development of advanced anode materials for NIBs.     

生物模板法合成锂离子电池电极材料研究进展

锂离子电池是一类极具潜力的新型二次化学储能器件,被广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动交通工具和智能电网等领域。高性能电极材料的设计和合成是获得高能量密度、长循环寿命、高安全性锂离子电池的关键。文章针对锂离子电池电极材料存在制备工艺复杂、结构难以控制、活性物质利用率低、循环稳定性和倍率性能差等问题,从生物资源高效利用角度出发,结合生物材料尺寸均匀、形态多变、结构精密、环境友好等优点,综述了生物模板法合成锂离子电池电极材料的研究进展,并对该领域的发展方向进行了展望。     

水系锌离子电池的研究进展

锌离子电池是近年来发展起来的一种新型二次水系电池, 具有高能量密度、高功率密度、放电过程高效安全、电池材料无毒廉价、制备工艺简单等优点, 在大型储能等领域具有很高应用价值和发展前景。本文综述了水系锌离子电池的研究进展, 对金属锌作负极的优点和面临的处理问题进行总结, 对已报导的正极材料中锌离子电池的电化学性能和反应机制进行分析, 并通过分析目前多价离子的脱嵌特性对锌离子电池正极材料的发展进行预测。