10种杀菌剂防治水稻纹枯病的田间药效比较

为筛选防治水稻纹枯病的高效、低毒及安全药剂,采用GB/T17980.20-2000的方法,对10种杀菌剂防治水稻纹枯病的田间药效进行了试验比较,并增加调查了病株率防效,以供比较参考。结果表明,250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂防治水稻纹枯病防效为87.53%,20%丁香菌酯悬浮剂、25%丙环唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、80%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、15%三唑醇可湿性粉剂防效为71.97%～79.59%,70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、10%井冈霉素水剂、240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂防效为63.92%～66.78%,15%咪鲜胺微乳剂防效为46.73%。病株率防效与病情指数防效趋势一致。试验条件下10个供试药剂对水稻无药害。防治水稻纹枯病可以选用嘧菌酯、丁香菌酯、丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、三唑醇等新型高效杀菌剂,优先推荐丁香菌酯。为减缓抗性,建议采用药剂复配或轮用技术。     

10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的高效液相色谱分析方法

1引言 10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂是一种内吸传导、耐雨水冲刷、药效持久,具有保护、治疗、铲除作用的广谱杀菌剂。水分散粒剂剂型不含化学溶剂、安全无副作用。10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂主要用于梨、桃的黑星病和香蕉的叶斑病、黑星病。10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂用苯醚甲环唑原药的分析条件．以甲醇：水=85：15（V／V）为流动相,     

硝苯菌酯等防治黄瓜白粉病试验

选用4种药剂对棚栽黄瓜上白粉病进行防治试验。结果表明:在黄瓜白粉病发病初期和发病峰期2次用药处理的防效显著好于同种药剂于黄瓜白粉病发病峰期1次用药处理的防效。2次药后5 d,36%硝苯菌酯乳油的防效为83.6%,好于10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、40%腈菌唑可湿性粉剂和50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂。     

烯唑醇等5种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的田间防效

为筛选防治小麦白粉病的高效杀菌剂,研究了12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂、25%丙环唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、5%己唑醇乳油高、中、低3种剂量处理对小麦白粉病的田间防效。结果表明,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果最好,且增产效果显著。其他4种三唑类杀菌剂对小麦白粉病也有一定的防治效果,能够有效提高小麦产量。     

50%氟吗啉+乙膦铝防治温室黄瓜霜霉病药效试验

田间试验结果表明：50％氟吗啉 乙膦铝可湿性粉剂和60％氟吗啉 代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜霜霉病比水分散粒剂效果好,50%氟吗啉 乙膦铝833mg／L防效81．4％,60％氟吗啉 代森锰锌1000mg／L防效79.8％,均高于52．5％恶唑菌酮 霜脲氰水分散粒剂3938mg／L防效64．6％。     

桑褐斑病化学防治药剂筛选及综合防治对策探讨

应用10种杀菌剂防治桑树褐斑病,田间小区试验结果表明:25%丙环唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对桑褐斑病有比较优异的防治效果,与其他药剂相比效果极显著且药效稳定,并对家蚕安全无毒,值得在大面积推广应用.使用25%丙环唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂防治桑褐斑病,推荐使用浓度25%丙环唑乳油500μg/ml(有效成分,下同)、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂22.22μg/ml,施药3～4次.在化学药剂防治同时,结合清除病源、栽植抗病强的桑品种、加强桑园管理、改善桑园通风透光条件等综合措施,可获得理想的防治效果.     

4种除草剂对麦田看麦娘防效和安全性

[目的]比较4种除草剂30 g/L甲基二磺隆油悬浮剂、3.6％二磺·甲碘隆水分散粒剂、69 g/L精(噁)唑禾草灵水乳剂和15％炔草酸可湿性粉剂防除看麦娘效果和对小麦安全性.[方法]小麦返青后、拔节前一次性喷药后于不同时期调查杂草防效和对小麦影响.[结果]4种除草剂均能不同程度抑制看麦娘生长,除15％炔草酸可湿性粉剂外,其他除草剂高用量对小麦均有不良影响.[结论]在小麦返青后可使用15％炔草酸可湿性粉剂,使用其他药剂时要注意用量.     

5种内吸性杀菌剂对小宗作物绿豆和红小豆种子萌发的影响

为获得适宜绿豆和红小豆种子萌发的药剂及其适用浓度,采用室内培养皿法研究430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、400 g/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂、250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂5种内吸性杀菌剂对小宗作物绿豆和红小豆种子萌发的影响。结果表明,400 g/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂适合绿豆种子萌发,且最佳质量浓度分别为100.0mg/L和80.0 mg/L。50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂适合红小豆种子萌发,其最佳质量浓度为400.0 mg/L。250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂对绿豆种子萌发,430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂对红小豆种子萌发存在抑制作用。     

苯醚甲环唑对水生生物急性毒性评价

[目的]评价苯醚甲环唑对水生生物的毒性影响。[方法]采用藻类生长抑制试验法、静态水溞类急性活动抑制试验法、半静态水鱼类毒性试验法,分别研究苯醚甲环唑常用剂型对斜生栅藻、大型溞和斑马鱼的急性毒性效应。[结果]10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、20%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂、15%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂、30 g/L苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂对斜生栅藻生长抑制EC50(72 h)值分别为1.58、1.13、0.353、1.18 mg a.i./L,对大型溞急性活动抑制的EC50(48 h)值分别为4.07×10-2、0.219、0.461、0.717 mg a.i./L,对斑马鱼急性毒性的LC50(96 h)值分别为2.64、4.75、0.777、7.05×10-2mg a.i./L。[结论]10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、20%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂、15%苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂、30 g/L苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂对斜生栅藻均为中等毒性,对大型溞的毒性等级依次为剧毒、高毒、高毒、高毒,对斑马鱼的毒性等级依次为中毒、中毒、高毒、剧毒。     

100g/kg苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的研制

水分散粒剂是一种先进环保型的农药剂型：对10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的生产加工工艺以及表面活性剂的选择和配比进行研究、阐述,确定聚丙烯酸类和高分子类萘磺酸盐为较理想的润湿分散剂,确定挤压造粒法为合适的生产工艺,通过对产品的热贮及田间药效测定,结果显示10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的性能和药效与国外产品基本一致。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。