Adjustable Luminescence of SrAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ Assembled in Zeolite

Capsulating guest into the nanometer yoids of zeolites is a effective way to form novel host-guest material. In our work, stoichiometric SrAl2O4: Eu^2 , Dy^3 sol guest was prepared by sol-gel method and assembled into the nanometer channels of zeolite ZSM-5 host through mechanical mixing, hydrothermal reaction and microwave heating reaction, respectively. After being reduced and diffused in a microwave muffle, the fluorescence spectra of the host-guest materials exhibit remarkable blue shifts in comparison of that of SrAl2O4 : Eu^2 , Dy^3 . Some interesting phenomena in the assembled hostguest materials are that the after-glow emission spectra exist two bands at about 400 nm and 517 nm and the relative strengths of these two bands can be adjusted by changing the assembly methods and the assembly concentration. These are attributed to the fact that the phosphor was capsulated into the voids of zeolite ZSM-5 and generated the quantum size effect and the host-guest effect.     

Luminescence Properties of Eu^2 ＋ and Mn^2 ＋ Co-Doped CasMg（SiO4）4Cl2

The green phosphor for white LED, Ca8Mg(SiO4)4C12:Eu^2 , Mn^2 , was synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction under reducing atmosphere. During the process of the phosphor prepared, the excess CaC12 can improve the intensity of emission. The experimental results indicate that there is an effective energy transfer from Eu^2 to Mn^2 in Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2 host. This kind of energy transfer may be due to resonance transfer, and this energy transfer is limited     

Study on UV Excitation Properties of Eu^3＋ at S6 Site in Bulk and Nanocrystalline Cubic Y2O3

Increases of emission intensities for Eu^3 at the S6 site relative to that at the C2 site were observed as UV excitation wavelength decreases from 300 nm to 200 nm in both bulk and nanocrystalline cubic Y2O3:Eu^3 . Decomposition of excitation spectra shows that the charge transfer band of Eu^3 at the S6 site lies in the high-energy side of that at the C2 site, resulting in that the energy transfer from the host prefers to the S6 site. Detailed emission and excitation spectral characteristics were analyzed and discussed. In addition, spectral red-shift were found in both charge transfer bands in nanocrystalline Y2O3: Eu^3 compared to the bulk material. The number ratio of S6 sites to C2 sites is also smaller in nanocrystalline Y2O3:Eu^3 than that in the bulk one.     

Luminescence enhancement of BaMgSiO4：Eu^2＋ by adding borate as flux

The luminescence of EU^2＋ in BaMgSiO4 with BaB2O4 as flux was studied. The emission spectrum of the phosphor consisted of two bands, peaking at about 398 nm and 515 nm, which were attributed to the emissions from different Eu^2＋ sites in the lattice. When the BaB2O4 flux was applied, the intensity of the 398 nm emission was not clearly affected, but the intensity of the 515 nm emission was enhanced by about ten times. Gaussian fitting showed that the emission band at around 515 nm could actually be resolved into two bands with peak wavelengths of 499 nm and 521 nm, respectively. The assignments of the emission bands to the cation sites were carried out according to the values of bond valence. The overlapping of the 398 nm emission band on the excitation band of 515 nm emission implied that energy transfer could occur from the luminescent center related to the 398 nm emission to the center related to the 515 nm emission, and the energy transfer process remarkably enhanced the intensity of the 515 nm emission band. The phosphor had strong excitation at around 350-400 nm and emitted a bright green luminescence. Thus it could have applications as a green component in solid-state lighting devices assembled by near-UV Light Emitting Diodes （LED） combined with tricolor phosphors.     

A blue luminescence glass-ceramics of Eu^2＋ ions activated Li2O-BaO-B2O3

New blue luminescence glass-ceramic samples were prepared in air by annealing of the Eu^3＋-doped Li2O-BaO-B2O3 glass. The as-made glass samples only showed the sharp emission peaks assigned to the transitions of 5^D0-7^Fj （J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4） of Eu^3＋ ions. The glass-ceramic samples gave a strong and broad emission band peaking at about 382 nm ascribed to the 5d-4f transition of Eu^2＋ ions. The optical properties such as excitation and emission spectra, and the decay time of the Eu^2＋ ions were investigated in the glasses or the glass-ceramics samples. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that LiBan9O15 might be demonstrated to be the crystallites in the glass-ceramic, which contributed to the blue luminescence. SEM micrograph was investigated on the glass-ceramic samples obtained by crystallization of the glass matrix resulting in a mixture of poly-crystals.     

Effects of Doping Trace Sm^3＋ and Gd^3＋ on Luminescent Character of Y2O2S：Eu^3＋

After trace Sm^3＋ ions and Gd^3＋ ions doping, the emission intensity of red phosphors Y2O2S： Eu^3 ＋ was enhanced and the voltage character （relation between emission intensity and excitation voltage） was improved while the other properties of physics and chemistry were not changed. The origins of enhancement and improvement are discussed. Probably the distortion and the defect of crystals are decreased by the substitution of Gd^3＋ for Y^3＋ instead of Eu^3＋ for Y^3＋ , and thus the Eu^3＋ crystal field is improved, and radiationless process and energy loss resulted from crystal defect are weakened, which leads to increased luminescence intensity and voltage character improvement. The overlapping fluorescent spectra of Y2O2S： Sm^3＋ emission and Y2O2S：Eu^3＋ excitation as well as Eu^3 ＋ excitation spectra transitions spectra lead to energy transfer from Sm^3 ＋ sensitization of Sm^3＋ ions fectively. containing Sm^3＋ excitation the possibility of resonance ions to Eu^3＋ ions, and the to Eu^3＋ ions is achieved effectively.     

Synthesis of Long Afterglow Phosphors MAI204：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ （M=Ca, Sr, Ba） by Microemulsion Method and Their Luminescent Properties

Long afterglow phosphors MAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ （M = Ca, Sr, Ba） were synthesized by microemulsion method, and their crystal structure and luminescent properties were compared and investigated. XRD patterns of samples indicate that phosphors CaAl2O4：Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ and SrAl2O4 ： Eu^2＋, Dy^3＋ are with monoelinie crystal structure and phosphor BaAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ is with hexagonal crystal structure. The wide range of excitation spectrum of phosphors MAl2O4： Eu^2 ＋ , Dy^3＋ （M = Ca,Sr, Ba） indicates that the luminescent materials can he excited by light from ultraviolet ray to visible light and the maximum emission wavelength of phosphors MAl2O4：Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋ （M = Ca, Sr, Ba） is found mainly at λem of 440 nm （M = Ca）, 520 nm （M = Sr） and 496 nm （M = Ba） respectively, the corresponding colors of emission light are blue, green and eyna-green respectively. The afterglow decay tendency of phosphors can he summarized as three processes： initial rapid decay, intermediate transitional decay and very long slow decay. Afterglow decay curves coincide with formula I = At^ - n, and the sequence of afterglow intensity and time is Sr 〉 Ca 〉 Ba.     

Luminescent properties of Ca2SiO4：Eu^3＋ red phosphor for trichromatic white light emitting diodes

The luminescent properties of Eu^3＋doped Ca2SiO4 red phosphors synthesized by the flux fusion reaction method were investigated. It was found that the excitation spectrum included two regions： the weak excitation band below 325 nm and strong narrow peaks above 325 nm. The main peak of the excitation band was located at 400 nm. The peaks located at 290 nm were assigned to the combination of the charge transfer transition of O-Eu, peaks above 325 nm （325, 385, 400, 470, 511, and 539 nm） were assigned to the f-f transitions of Eu^3＋. The emission spectrum was dominated by the red peak located at 612 nm due to the electric dipole transition of ^5D0-^7F2. In addition, the effects of the Eu^3＋ content and charge compensators of Li^＋, Na^＋, K^＋, and Cl^- ions on the emission intensity were investigated. The experiment results suggested that the strongest emission was obtained when the concentration of the Eu^3＋ ions was 0.3 mol^-1, and Li^＋ ions gave the best improvement to enhance the emission intensity. Ca2SiO4：Eu^3＋, Li^＋ was thus suitable for low-cost trichromatic white light emitting diodes （WLED） based on UV InGaN chip.     

A green-yellow emitting β-SreSiO4：Eu^2＋ phosphor for near ultraviolet chip white-light-emitting diode

Sr2SiO4：xEu^2＋ phosphors were synthesized through the solid-state reaction technique. The crystal phase of Sr2SiO4：xEu^2＋ phosphor manipulated by Eu^2＋ concentration was studied. The phase transited from β to α＇ in Sr2SiO4：xEu^2＋ phosphor with increasing europium concentration. The single β phase was formed as x≤005 and changed α＇ phase when x〉0.01. The emission spectrum of the β-Sr2SiO4：Eu^2＋ phosphor consisted of a green-yellow broadband peaking at around 540 nm and a blue band at 470 nm under near ultraviolet excitation. The white LEDs by combining near ultraviolet chips with β-Sr2SiO4：Eu^2＋ phosphors were fabricated. The luminous efficiency （15.7lm/W） was higher than α＇-Sr2SiO4：Eu^2＋ phosphor white LED.     

VUV Spectroscopy of GdPO4： Eu^3＋ and GdBO3： Eu^3＋

The emission and the excitation spectra of GdPO4 ： Eu^3＋ and GdBO3： Eu^3 ＋ prepared by solid state reaction method were investigated using the synchrotron radiation source of SUPERLUMI station of HASYLAB. The energy transfer between Gd^3＋ and Eu^3＋ was discussed with the probability of quantum cutting process. In the excitation spectra monitoring the red emission from Eu^3＋ , the distinct lines corresponding to the intraconfigurational 4f-4f transitions from Gd^3＋ were observed for both samples, indicating an efficient energy transfer from host Gd^3＋ ions to the doped Eu^3＋ ions. The efficient energy transfer is necessary for the quantum cutting process based on the two-step energy transfer from Gd^3＋ to Eu^3＋ . However, the overlapping of the lines corresponding to Gd^3＋ ：^8S7/2→^6GJ and the broad excitation band （180 - 270 nm） due to Eu^3＋- O^2- charge transfer states （CTS） around 200 nm cause excitation energy on ^6GJ levels to dissipate into CTS by direct energy transfer, unfavorable to the cross relaxation energy transfer between Gd^3＋ and Eu^3＋, thus unfavorable to the quantum cutting process. With the help of the general rules governing the energy positions of Eu^3＋-O^2- ：CTS, the suggestions concerning searching suitable oxide hosts for Gd^3＋-Eu^3＋ quantum cutting were made.     

Effect of Ho^3＋ Ion on Luminescent Property of CaGaeS4：Eu^2＋

The afterglow luminescent property and thermo-luminescence (TL) of CaGa2S4：Eu^2 , Ho^3 were systemateally investigated. The afterglow of Eu and Ho Co-doped CaGa2S4 shows a broadband emission at 552 nm, which is the same as that of Eu doped CaGa2S4 only. And the decay behavior of CaGa2S4 Eu^2 , Ho^3 was investigated, which shows that CaGa2S4: Eu^2 , Ho^3 is a phosphor with long after-glow, whereas the CaGazS4:Eu^2 is a phosphor with-out long afterglow. Comparison of TL curves and 3D-TL emission spectra of CaGa2S4:Eu^2 ,Ho^3 and Ca-C, a2S4:Eu^2 show that a new trap center is produced at about 80℃, which is the basic reason of CaGazS4:Eu^2 ,Ho^3 with long afterglow.     

Citrate-Gel Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of α-Zn3 （PO4）2 Doped with Eu^3＋

By using inorganic salts as raw materials and citric acid as complexing agent, α-Zn3(PO4)2 and Eu^3 doped α-Zn3( PO4)2 phosphor powders were prepared by a citrate-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG - DTA, FF - IR and luminescence excitation and emission spectra were used to characterize the resulting products. The results of XRD reveal that the powders begin to crystallize at 500℃ and pure α-Zn3(PO4)2 phase is obtained at 800℃. And the results of XRD reveal that Eu^3 exists as EuPO4 in the powder. In the phosphor powders, the Eu^3 shows its characteristic red-orange(592 nm, ^5D0 -^7F1) emission and has no quenching concentration.     

Luminescence Properties of （ Y, Gd） Al3 （BO3） 4 ： Eu^3＋ under VUV excitation

(Y, Gd)Al3 (BO3)4:Eu^3 samples were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The XRD results indicate that the crystal symmetry is low. The excitation spectrum is composed of two broad bands centered at about 170 and 250 nm respectively. In the emission spectra, the peak wavelength is about 616 nm under 147 nm VUV excitation. The luminescent chromaticity coordinate and the relative intensity change along with Gd^3 mole concentration in the range of 0.15 to 0.85 mol (and Eu^3 mole concentration, 0.02 to 0. 1 mol). The correlative data show that the concentration quenching occurs when the Eu^3 mole concentration ranges from 0.02 to 0.1 mol, and the Gd^3 →Gd^3 , Gd^3 →Eu^3 and host→Eu^3 , Gd^3 energy transfers exist, and Gd^3 mole concentration influences Eu^3 emission.     

Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of Sr2Si5N8：Eu^2＋red phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Highly efficient Sr2Si5N8：Eu^2＋red emitting phosphor was successfully synthesized by a cost-effective direct silicon nitrida-tion and gas-reduction method. The effects of synthesis parameters, including reaction temperature, heating rate and gas species, on the crystal structure and photoluminescence of the prepared phosphors were studied. Single-phase Sr2Si5N8：Eu^2＋phosphor was ob-tained at 1500℃ with a heating rate of 300℃/h under NH3-1 vol.%CH4 atmosphere using starting silicon and oxide powders. Silicon powder and high heating rate favored the achievement of the pure Sr2Si5N8 phase. Under near-UV to blue light excitation, the obtained Sr2Si5N8：Eu2＋phosphor showed a board red emission band centered at about 625 nm, which agreed well with the phosphors prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. The possible reaction mechanism was also proposed based on the experimental observations.     

Flux and concentration effect on Eu^3＋ doped Gd2（MoO4）3 phosphor

A novel red emitting phosphor Gd2（MoO4）3：Eu^3＋ was prepared by solid reaction, using Gd2O3, Eu2O3 and WO3 as starting matedals and NH4F as flux. The effects of flux content and Eu^3＋ concentration on the crystal structure, morphology and luminescent properties were investigated using XRD, SEM and fluorescent spectrum measurement. The XRD patterns showed that the resultants had the monoclinic structure. With the increase in flux amount, their crystallization significantly improved. The SEM images indicated that the mean size of the phosphor particles was around 2 μm, and agglomeration of the phosphor particles appeared while introducing higher flux amount. The excitation spectra exhibited more intense f-f transitions originating from ground state 7^F0 to upper states 5^L6 and 5^D2 than the charge transfer band. The concentration quenching of Eu^3＋ emission indicated that energy transfer from Eu^3＋ to molybdate host existed even at lower Eu^3＋ concentration.     

Luminescent characteristics of Ba3Y2（BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor for white LED

The Ba3Y2（BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor was synthesized using a high temperature solid-state reaction method and the luminescent characteristics were investigated. The emission spectrum exhibited one strong red emission at 613 nm, corresponding to the electric dipole 5D0-TF2 transition of Eu^3＋, under 365 nm excitation. The excitation spectrum of 613 nm indicated that the Ba3Y2（BO3）n：Eu^3＋ phosphor was effectively excited by ultraviolet （UV） （254, 365 and 400 nm） and blue （470 nm） light. The effect of Eu^3＋ concentration on the 613 nm emission of the Ba3Y2（BO3）n：Eu^3＋ phosphor was measured. The results showed that the emission intensity increased with increasing Eu^3＋ concentration, and then decreased. The CIE color coordinates of Ba3Y2（BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor were x=0.641 and y=0.359 at 15 mol.% Eu^3＋.     

Vacuum ultraviolet excited photoluminescence properties of Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor

The Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋ with type-Ⅱ structure phosphor was successfully synthesized via flux method at 400 ℃ and their photoluminescence properties in vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） region were examined. The broad and strong excitation bands in the range of 153-205 nm owing to the CO3^2- host absorption and charge transfer （CT） of Gd^3＋-O2^- were observed for Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋. Under 172 nm excitation, Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋ exhibited strong red emission with good color purity, indicating Eu^3＋ ions located at low symmetry sites and the chromaticity coordination of luminescence for Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋ was （x=0.652, y=0.345）. The photoluminescence quenching concentration of Eu^3＋ excited by 172 nm for Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋ was about 5%. Gd2O2CO3：Eu^3＋ would be a potential VUV-excited red phosphor applied in mercury-free fluorescent lamps.     

Synthesis of Long Afterglow Photoluminescent Materials Sr2MgSi2O7：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋ by Sol-Gel Method

Long afterglow photoluminescent materials Sr2MgSi2O7 dopeo With Eu^2 ,Dy^3 were prepared by sol-gel method. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The excitation spectrum, emission spectrum and long decay curve were measured and analyzed. XRD pattern indicates that phosphor is with Sr2MgSi2O7 crystal structure. The wide range of excitation wavelength indicates that luminescent material can be excited by light from ultraviolet ray to visible light. The main peak of emission spectrum is located at 466nm. Sample excited by visible light can emit bright blue light, and the afterglow time lasts more than 8h.     

Luminescence properties of YAl3（BO3）4 phosphors doped with Eu^3＋ ions

YAl3 （BO3）4： Eu^3＋ phosphors were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The phase structure and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Doping YAl3（BO3）4： Eu^3＋ phosphors with concentration of Eu^3＋ ions of 0, 2, 5, 8 and 10 mol% were studied and their luminescent properties at room temperature were discussed. The excitation spectrum of Y0.95Eu0.05Al3（BO3）4 was composed of a broad band centered at about 252 nm and a group of lines in the longer wavelength region. In the emission spectra, the peak wavelength was about 614 nm under a 252 nm UV excitation. The optimal doping concentration of Eu^3＋ ions in YAl3（BO3）4： Eu^3＋ phosphors was 8 mol%.     

Preparation and Luminescence Properties of the New Long Phosphorescent Phosphors Ba1-x Cax Al2O4 ： Eu^2＋ , Dy^3＋

New long phosphorescent phosphors Ba1-x CaxAl2O4:Eu^2 , Dy^3 with tunable color emission were prepared and studied. The emission spectra show that the tuning range of the color emission of the phosphors is between 498 and 440 nm, which is dependent on x, under the excitation of UV. The wavelength of the afterglow increases with the increasing of x until x equals 0.6. The XRD patterns show that the single phase limit in the phosphors is below x value of 0.4.The Thermolumineseence spectra were measured to investigate the traps created by the doping of Dy^3 .