Performance management of manufacturing system networks

Performance management of communication networks is critical for speed, reliability, and flexibility of information exchange between different components, subsystems, and sectors (e.g., factory, engineering design, and administration) of production process organizations in the environment of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). Essential to this distributed total manufacturing system is the integrated communications network over which the information leading to process interactions and plant management and control is exchanged. Such a network must be capable of handling heterogeneous traffic resulting from intermachine communications at the factory floor, CAD drawings, design specifications, and administrative information. The objective is to improve the efficiency in handling various types of messages, e.g., control signals, sensor data, and production orders, by on-line adjustment of the parameters of the network protocol.This paper presents a conceptual design, development, and implementation of a network performance management scheme for CIM applications including flexible manufacturing. The performance management algorithm is formulated using the concepts of: (1) Perturbation analysis of discrete event dynamic systems; (2) stochastic approximation; and (3) learning automata. The proposed concept for performance management can also serve as a general framework to assist design, operation, and management of flexible manufacturing systems.The performance management procedure has been tested via emulation on a network test bed that is based on the manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) which has been widely used for CIM networking. The conceptual design presented in this paper offers a step forward to bridging the gap between management standards and users' demands for efficient network operations since most standards such as ISO and IEEE address only the architecture, services, and interfaces for network management.This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Research Grant No. DDM-90-15173.     

Performance management of token bus networks for computer integrated manufacturing

This paper focuses on performance management of computer communication networks serving computer integrated manufacturing systems. The performance management aims to improve the network performance in handling various types of messages by on-line adjustment of protocol parameters. The principle of fuzzy logic has been used in formulating the performance management rules and in deriving management decisions. Three types of the fuzzy performance management have been developed for IEEE 802.4 protocol standard and have been evaluated via discrete event simulation.     

制造过程集成管理系统的研究与实现

为有效整合区域制造资源,实现制造过程各环节的协同,对基于制造资源优化配置的制造过程管理系统进行了深入研究,提出了集成系统的组织形式和体系结构,并重点解决了各异构系统的信息集成问题。集成系统包括可重构制造资源优化配置平台、基于知识的网络化协同工艺规划系统、集成化数控制造与仿真、基于构件的可重构制造执行系统、可视化制造过程项目管理与监控等5个子系统;在对各应用系统功能及数据交换进行需求分析的基础上,具体阐述了基于可扩展标记语言的信息集成的实现过程,包括基于可扩展标记语言的数据接口规范、接口处理工具和基于文档管理平台的集成方案。最后以模具企业中的实际生产过程验证了系统的集成应用。     

An integrated bevel gears manufacturing system

Wholly automated forging systems are still comparatively rare. This paper summarizes the principles of integrated manufacturing systems and reviews the state-of-the-art. The problems associated with the application of automatic loading equipment to the handling of forgings to insure continuous operation of the integrated manufacturing system, object of this research study, are examined by arguments and various types of handling devices are considered. The manufacturing system is under direct numerical control (DNC) and is centered on chipless forming which, as a final product, yield bevel gears and similar parts with ready-to-mount teeth. However, the ultimate solution to automation in such systems seems to lie neither in copying of human skills nor in applying sophisticated industrial robots. Therefore, the synthesis technique of a simple manipulator which is adaptable to transfer/handling tasks in this billet stock metering, forming, cutting, and measuring integrated system aimed at the production of ready-to-mount parts is discussed. The manipulator can be adjusted to handle forgings from the last engraving stage of the installed multistage forging press, attended by a multi-positions inter press transfer manipulator for hot components, to the cutting machine, and then to the conveyor of the automatic measuring line. A hot machining technique is considered as an interesting possibility to increase the cutting operation rates.     

集成激光制造系统的开放式控制研究

针对激光制造系统的发展要求,提出了一种开放式集成激光制造系统,该系统将激光器控制模块、测量模块、机器人模块和计算机控制模块等进行集成,采用模块化设计方法,各模块功能独立,实现了主控计算机对各控制模块的协调控制.其中激光器由PROFIBUS-DP现场总线控制,机器人由运动控制器控制.解决了传统激光制造系统结构封闭,专用性强,难于实现柔性化制造的难题.通过实际应用,进一步证明了该系统的开放性和可控性.     

虚拟计算机集成制造系统(V-CMIS)的研究

介绍虚拟计算机集成制造系统的主要组成部分，阐述智能管理子系统、虚拟设计子系统和虚拟制造子系统的体系结构、构成框架和相互关系，以及基于C-S和B-S模式的分布式数据处理模式及网络构建方式。     

Performance management in flexible manufacturing systems

This article treats several performance management decision problems in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). This work differs from a number of other studies in that we allow the processing rates at the machines to be varied, and the system has to meet a given throughput goal per unit time. The managerial decision options modeled here include part routing and allocation of tasks to machines, work-in-progress (WIP) levels, capacity expansions, tool-type selection, the setting of throughput goals, and multiperiod production planning. We discuss and explain the insights and implications, partly nonintuitive, gained from our investigations. Finally, extensive numerical evaluations are included to illustrate the economic and performance impact of the various performance management alternatives. These results demonstrate that substantial economic benefits can be achieved by careful tuning of the FMS operational parameters.     

计算机集成制造系统的发展与思考

介绍了计算机集成制造系统的概念、发展背景、特征，针对我国情况，提出发展方向和作的思考。     

集成制造环境下设备的网络化管理

集成的制造环境和先进的生产制造模式离不开对设备管理的集成,某些关键性的设备还必须进行实时网络监测管理。网络软硬件的发展,为网络化设备管理提供了技术保障。使用分布式网络数据库服务器SQL Server 作为后台数据库服务支持,采用ASP 编程技术,将设备的状态管理、台帐管理、维护管理、经济管理编成动态网页,利用智能代理组件实现集成制造环境下对设备的动态网络维护,保证了产品的制造质量。     

Vision-based automated inspection system in computer integrated manufacturing

The industrial application of an automated inspection system that aims to enhance the efficiency and flexibility of a computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) is proposed in this paper. A machine-vision-based approach is adopted to utilise its advantages of measurement flexibility, high resolution, and non-destruction. With a closed-loop feedback control architecture, the inspection procedures are fully integrated with the production process to detect and to recover abnormal operations in a real-time mode. Implementation of such a system at a physical shop floor for socket inspection is presented as an example.     

基于单一企业物料清单的飞机制造过程管理体系

针对航空制造企业制造过程管理复杂、信息共享困难的问题,通过对飞机制造过程和信息传递过程的深入分析,从全局角度出发,提出了支持飞机制造全过程的基于单一企业物料清单的飞机制造过程管理体系.飞机制造过程管理体系为满足飞机制造全过程的信息需求,应用单一产品数据源思想,通过对物料清单数据的统一组织,建立了以物料清单数据为主线的单一企业数据物料清单.在此基础上构建了单一企业物料清单统一数据管理平台,并对单一企业物料清单的动态数据映射管理和动态数据一致性管理等关键技术进行了详细的探讨.该研究为从根本上解决飞机制造过程管理问题提出了切实可行的方案.     

An integrated manufacturing network management framework by using mobile agent

The growth in the development of distributed manufacturing systems necessitates increases in efficient technologies in order to facilitate management of the networked resources. Systems such as manufacturing automation protocol (MAP) already exist which were specifically designed for managing networked manufacturing devices. However, MAP has been criticised for being over-complex and expensive for small–medium sized enterprises. The simple network management protocol (SNMP) was designed for managing TCP/IP networks, and we argue that it can also be used for managing networked manufacturing devices. However, SNMP, like MAP, is based upon a client/server architecture, and both have scalability issues. We also investigate the use of mobile agent (MA) technology as a means of managing a domain of manufacturing devices. An integrated network management framework based on MA technology is developed to direct the research into the investigation of aligning network management paradigm to the strategic management decision.     

Simulation based energy-resource efficient manufacturing integrated with in-process virtual management

As energy efficiency is one of the key essentials towards sustainability, the development of an energy-resource efficient manufacturing system is among the great challenges facing the current industry. Meanwhile, the availability of advanced technological innovation has created more complex manufacturing systems that involve a large variety of processes and machines serving different functions. To extend the limited knowledge on energy-efficient scheduling, the research presented in this paper attempts to model the production schedule at an operation process by considering the balance of energy consumption reduction in production, production work flow (productivity) and quality. An innovative systematic approach to manufacturing energy-resource efficiency is proposed with the virtual simulation as a predictive modelling enabler, which provides real-time manufacturing monitoring, virtual displays and decision-makings and consequentially an analytical and multidimensional correlation analysis on interdependent relationships among energy consumption, work flow and quality errors. The regression analysis results demonstrate positive relationships between the work flow and quality errors and the work flow and energy consumption. When production scheduling is controlled through optimization of work flow, quality errors and overall energy consumption, the energy-resource efficiency can be achieved in the production. Together, this proposed multidimensional modelling and analysis approach provides optimal conditions for the production scheduling at the manufacturing system by taking account of production quality, energy consumption and resource efficiency, which can lead to the key competitive advantages and sustainability of the system operations in the industry.     

单元化制造系统及其生产管理系统研究

制造系统单元化和扁平化是制造企业实现敏捷制造的关键之一。本文通过对单元化制造系统的分析,提出了基于ＭＲＰⅡ系统的扩展的单元生产管理系统,这样的系统能够较好的体现了单元化制造的需求和特点。     

基于制造资源优化配置的网络化制造管理系统

网络经济时代的到来使得网络化制造成为最具潜力的制造模式,本文讨论了基于制造资源优化配置的网络化制造管理系统,将系统分为生产任务管理及产品分解、工艺路线分工、协作企业优选、工艺及调度方案制定、网络化生产调度及协调监控、以及产品装配与交付等模块,之后分析了各主要模块的功能,建立了基于Web服务的系统体系结构,最后讨论了系统的工作流程.     

基于网络化制造模式的制造资源管理系统研究

着眼于网络化制造资源利用充分化的特点，提出现代企业制造资源全生命周期的管理系统。从设备管理和工装管理两大方面对制造资源管理系统进行分析和设计，同时根据系统功能设计的结果阐述了制造资源为适应网络化制造的全新的工作管理流程，最后给出了制造资源管理系统的接口设计以及信息模型。     

The application of dependency management in an integrated manufacturing network framework

Research into the effectiveness and performance of the mobile agent (MA) technology as a means of managing a domain of manufacturing devices has been conducted. However, it has been shown that MAs are not without their scalability issues. A strategic agent travelling algorithm will bring performance improvement as it allows agents to identify the best migration path in order to minimise the total expected time of searching for the desired information. The applications of process-driven dependency management along with MA techology are examined as methods for optimising the efficiency of retrieving critical information in the manufacturing environment. An integrated framework is developed to investigate the alignment of network management paradigm to the strategic management decision.     

网络化集成化柔性化的BMEI—AMS—1先进制造系统

BMEI－AMS－1先进制造系统利用计算机网络技术,采用TCP/IP协议组成局域网,方便地实现多台机床联网。它将CAD/CAM集成在该网络环境下,完成了实体仿真、后置处理、自动传送、直接加工等全过程,很容易和INTERNET网相连,实现远程诊断、远程服务和实时图像监控。可根据加工对象的工艺需求,配备相应的工装夹具、刀具、物流系统,实现加工对象的柔性化,适应各种批量及多品种规格零件的混流生产,是敏捷制造的一种有效手段。     

网络化集成优柔性化的BMEI-AMS—1先进制造系统

ＢＭＥＩ—ＡＭＳ－１先进制造系统利用计算机网络技术,采用ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ协议组成局域网,方便地实现多台机床联网。它将ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ集成在该网络环境下,完成了实体仿真、后置处理、自动传送、直接加工等全过程,很容易和ＩＮ－ＴＥＲＮＥＴ网相连,实现远程诊断、远程服务和实时图像监控。可根据加工对象的工艺需求,配备相应的工装夹具、刀具、物流系统,实现加工对象的柔性化,适应各种批量及多品种规格零件的环流生产,是敏捷制造的一种有效手段。     

RP/RT集成制造系统的精度控制

在RP／RT集成制造系统中,每一个环节都存在误差。我们把整个系统的制造误差链作为一个闭环系统来考虑,在控制每一环节的误差的基础上,引入BP神经网络,得出使RP／RT集成制造系统产生标准输出的最佳控制输入。以这个最佳控制输入作为输入加工系统的三维CAD的尺寸数据,即可控制最终的加工误差,得到近乎理想的加工结果。