AISI304不锈钢表面Fe3Si型硅化物渗层制备及其力学性能

采用NaCl∶ KCl∶NaF=2∶2∶1(摩尔比)的中性熔融盐作为载体,Na2SiF6∶ Si=8∶2粉末作为渗硅剂,以SiO2为助渗剂,800℃下渗硅5h可实现在AISI 304不锈钢表面形成厚约600 μm的富含Cr,Ni合金元素的Fe3Si型硅化物渗层.采用万能材料试验机进行了轴向拉伸试验,并对应力-应变曲线进行了分析.结果表明,硅化物渗层为脆性断裂,基体部分为塑性断裂;AISI 304不锈钢渗硅后的名义屈服应力有明显提高.     

AISI304表面硅化物渗层的制备及其900℃循环氧化性能研究

采用NaCl:KCl:NaF=2:2∶1(摩尔比)的中性熔融盐作为载体,Na2SiF6∶ Si=8:2粉末做为渗硅剂,以SiO2为助渗剂,800℃下渗硅5h可实现在AISI 304不锈钢表面形成厚约600 μm的富含Cr、Ni合金元素的Fe3Si型硅化物渗层,研究了渗层在900℃下的循环氧化行为.采用X射线衍射仪分析了渗层和氧化膜的物相组成,用附带能量色散谱仪附件的扫描电子显微镜研究了渗层和氧化膜截面的形貌和成分.结果表明,渗层为以Fe3Si相为主,Cr在渗层中含量低于其在304不锈钢基体中含量,而Fe和Ni在基体和渗层中的含量大致相当.氧化动力学遵从二次抛物线规律;Cr和Si元素发生上坡扩散形成以SiO2和Cr2O3为主的内层氧化膜,外层氧化膜以Fe2O3为主,这种复合氧化膜是渗层具有优异抗氧化性能的原因.     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面渗Si层制备及抗氧化性能研究

通过熔盐非电解沉积法在0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面进行渗硅处理.试验表明,当温度达到800℃渗硅时间为10 h时,在不锈钢基体上产生约500 μm的富含Cr、Ni合金元素的Fe3Si型硅化物渗层.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了渗硅层的物相组成,用附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)附件的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了渗层截面的形貌和成分.通过氧化质量增加的方法,比较了渗硅试样和0Cr18Ni9不锈钢在800℃下的循环氧化行为.结果表明,经过渗硅处理后不锈钢的氧化质量增加明显小于不经过硅化处理的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的氧化质量增加,其原因是在循环氧化的时,发生了Si、Cr原子从基体到渗层的上坡扩散,并且在内外氧化层中产生了偏聚的SiO2、Cr2O3,等氧化产物,从而对基体起到很好的保护作用.     

0Cr18Ni9钢表面熔盐法渗硅层的组织与性能

利用摩尔比为NaCl:KCl:NaF=2:2:1的碱金属卤化物混合体系做载体,等摩尔比的Na2SiF6和Si粉作渗硅剂,在900 ℃下利用熔融盐法对0Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行了渗硅处理.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)附件的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了渗层截面的物相组成、成分,显微形貌及渗硅层的形成机理.结果表明,900 ℃下保温3 h渗层厚度在250 μm以上,渗层物相为富含Cr、Ni合金元素的Fe,Si型金属间化合物,渗层中Si的含量为6.75 wt%,Cr的含量仅为其在基体中含量的50%左右,Ni在基体和渗层中的含量相当,渗层表面致密,硬度在700 HV左右,远高于基体硬度200 HV.     

渗硅奥氏体不锈钢的组织和性能研究

采用硅粉作渗剂,在850℃、900℃和950oC对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了不同时间的渗硅处理。通过金相试验、XRD和硬度试验等研究了渗硅层的组织、渗层深度、硬度和抗氧化性能。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti钢均获得了致密的渗硅层,渗层主要由Fe3Si相以及少量的FeSi相组成,其中夹杂着黑色粒状物。渗层深度随着渗硅温度的提高而增厚,并与渗硅时间的平方根成正比;稀土催渗剂可以明显提高渗硅层深度。渗硅显著提高了不锈钢的表面硬度及抗氧化性能。     

AISI304不锈钢表面Fe3Si型硅化物渗层的制备及渗硅机理

以n(NaCl)∶n(KCl)∶n(NaF)=2∶2∶1碱金属卤化物混合体系做载体,采用不同摩尔比的Na2SiF6和Si粉作渗硅剂,在800℃下利用熔融盐法分别对AISI 304不锈钢进行渗硅处理.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析渗硅层的物相组成,用附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)附件的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究渗层截面的形貌和成分,分析熔盐法渗硅层的形成机理.结果表明:融盐中SiF62-的浓度决定渗层中Si元素的含量,由于SiO2在融盐体系中的溶解,融盐中SiF62-得到补充,渗层中Si元素的含最进一步提高.     

铌基超高温合金包埋渗铝改性硅化物涂层结构

利用包埋渗法在新型铌基超高温合金表面制备了铝改性的硅化物抗氧化涂层,分析了涂层的相组成、结构及其组织形成过程。涂层制备采用先在1150℃包埋渗硅4h,然后再于800-1000℃包埋渗铝4h的方法。结果表明：渗硅后涂层的相组成为（Nb,X）Si2（X代表Ti,Cr和Hf元素）;再于各温度包埋渗铝后,（Nb,X）Si2层中的平均铝含量随包埋渗铝温度的升高而增加,最高可达10.84at%;当包埋渗铝温度为860-1000℃时会在渗硅层与基体间形成新的铌铝金属间化合物层,且渗入（Nb,X）Si2层中的铝会在局部形成Nb3Si5Al2相。     

纯镍渗硼硅处理工艺及组织性能研究

采用粒状渗剂分别在渗硼硅温度为850、900、950℃,保温时间为2、8 h的工艺参数下对纯镍表面进行固体渗硼硅处理。用光学显微镜(OM)对渗层横断面进行了显微组织观察,用显微硬度计测试渗层的硬度分布,用M200型磨损试验机研究未渗硼硅和渗硼硅纯镍的耐磨性,采用循环氧化试验研究未渗硼硅和渗硼硅纯镍的抗高温氧化性。结果表明,纯镍渗硼硅后,渗层为硅化物层和硼化物层,且硅化物和硼化物的显微硬度都大于基体硬度,渗层厚度随着渗硼硅时间和温度的增加而增加,其范围约为36~237?m,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析出渗层为硼化物层(Ni2B)和硅化物层(Ni3Si、Ni5Si2和Ni2Si)。磨损试验结果表明渗硼硅后试样的耐磨性得到提高。抗高温氧化试验结果显示未渗硼硅纯镍试样抗高温氧化性优于渗硼硅后纯镍试样。     

Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢表面粉末渗硅层精细

采用固体粉末渗硅法在Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢表面获得了致密的渗层,应用SEM和EDS等方法分析了渗硅层及其精细结构。结果表明。用w（Si）=70％的硅铁粉末为基体,二氧化硅为松散剂,氟化钠为活化剂,在1050℃密封扩散处理4-6h,可在Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢表面获得厚度在50μm以上的渗硅层,渗层结构致密,其精细结构为调幅分解产物,由表及里的精细程度与硅原子的梯度分布有关。     

AISI304不锈钢渗铜后的微观组织及抗菌性能

以CuO＋NH4Cl为渗剂对AISI 304不锈钢表面进行化学渗铜处理,获得了具有优良抗菌性能的渗铜层。用扫描电镜及小掠射X射线衍射仪分析了渗层深度、微观组织及相组成。试验结果表明,当渗铜处理温度大于900℃后,渗铜层深度及渗层中富铜相Cu9.9Fe0.1及Cu3.8Ni的生成量快速增加。渗层中富铜相生成量越多,不锈钢的抗菌效果越佳,尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌。AISI304不锈钢经950℃保温4h渗铜处理后得到了较深的渗铜层,铜以富铜相形式均匀分布于渗层,具有优良的抗大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的效果。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.