薄板坯连铸连轧30CrMo带钢的组织与力学性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机、硬度计等设备分析了CSP工艺生产的30CrMo带钢热处理前后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,30CrMo带钢连铸连轧组织由铁索体+珠光体组成,淬火后的显微组织为板条马氏体+针状马氏体,淬火和低温回火后显微组织为回火马氏体.30CrMo带钢连铸连轧态的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度分别为25.6 HRC、1074 MPa、1032 MPa;淬火后硬度升高至52 HRC;在淬火+低温回火后,30CrMo带钢硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度分别为50.5 HRC、1402 MPa、1320MPa.     

TSCR工艺生产30CrMo热轧带钢的实践

针对薄板坯连铸连轧流程的工艺特点,通过合理的成分设计和生产工艺优化,有效解决了脱碳和铸坯裂纹等关键技术问题,开发出了高品质的合金结构钢30CrMo热轧带钢,产品组织为细小均匀的铁素体＋珠光体,夹杂物尺寸在5μm以下的占98％以上,且球化较好;带钢抗拉强度为795-950MPa,伸长率为15％～21％;带钢厚度公差控制在±25μm以内,平直度控制在士10I以内。     

热轧工艺对65Mn钢显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究了热轧工艺对65Mn钢组织与性能的影响。采用电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)和透射电镜(TEM)对热轧组织进行了表征。结果表明:通过控制热轧工艺,可获得珠光体和贝氏体两种初始组织。随着终轧温度和终冷温度的降低,先共析铁素体含量和珠光体体片层间距逐渐减小,强度、硬度逐渐升高。相比珠光体组织,热轧贝氏体组织具有更高的强度,抗拉和屈服强度分别为943 MPa 和648 MPa。     

FTSR与传统工艺生产热轧低碳钢板的组织与性能

分析了薄板坯连铸连轧（FTSR）及传统热连轧工艺生产低碳钢板的微观组织,对两种不同工艺生产低碳钢板的力学性能和成形性进行了研究。结果表明,FTSR工艺生产低碳钢板的组织为比较细小、均匀的铁素体晶粒及少量的珠光体组织;铁素体的平均晶粒尺寸约7．0μm,而传统热轧工艺生产低碳钢板的铁索体晶粒较为粗大,约14．0μm;FTSR工艺生产的低碳钢板具有良好的综合力学性能和优良的成形性,钢中存在较高密度位错和少量的第二相析出粒子对钢板性能的提高起到有利的作用。     

含铌钛耐候建筑钢热轧态组织与性能研究

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对热轧态含铌钛耐候建筑钢的组织和断口形貌进行了观察,并对夹杂物进行了评级。通过控制热轧工艺得到的试验钢组织主要是铁素体+片层珠光体,第二相多为细小方形或矩形的Ti,Nb(CN),少量球形夹杂物为Al_2O_3;钢的抗拉强度高于510 MPa,屈服强度大于390 MPa,屈强比低于0.85,断面收缩率大于20%,0℃纵向冲击功大于47 J。     

工程机械耐磨钢NM50 CrVA的热处理与组织性能

研究了淬回火对薄板坯连铸连轧和传统热轧工程机械NM50CrVA耐磨钢板显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对比分析了连铸连轧NM50CrVA与传统热轧Q355、30CrMoA和1045钢板的耐磨性能。结果表明,连铸连轧NM50CrVA钢的组织为铁素体+层片状珠光体,回火后组织为回火马氏体+少量铁素体,而传统热轧态NM50CrVA钢的组织为粒状珠光体+铁素体,回火后组织为回火马氏体;在相同淬火与回火工艺下,连铸连轧态NM50CrVA钢的强度增加幅度更大,且相同状态下连铸连轧NM50CrVA钢的强度更高而塑性相当。在相同磨料磨损条件下,磨损质量损失从大至小顺序为Q355 30CrMoA 1045 NM50CrVA钢,NM50CrVA、1045和30CrMoA钢的相对耐磨性分别为1.99、1.21和1.14,NM50CrVA钢具有最佳的耐磨性; 1045、30CrMoA和Q355钢的主要磨损机制为犁沟和显微切削,NM50CrVA钢的主要磨损机制为疲劳剥落磨损。     

正火处理对95CrMo钢钎杆组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、硬度计、拉伸等测试方法,研究了95CrMo钢钎杆热轧态和正火态的组织和力学性能。结果表明:95CrMo正火态比热轧态抗拉强度降低136 MPa,硬度降低2 HRC,冲击功提高1倍,伸长率提高6.5%。正火态组织为细片状和粒状珠光体,提高了钎杆的强韧性,这是正火处理后95CrMo钢钎杆凿岩寿命提高的原因。     

热处理工艺对小圆棒42CrMo钢组织及硬度的影响

42CrMo钢广泛应用于制造起重机承重轮、机车齿轮、曲轴、连杆等重要零件。小规格热轧态的42CrMo极易出现贝氏体组织,如果热轧后热处理工艺选择不适当,则钢材出现的非平衡组织将会导致经机械加工的零件后续淬火处理时变形严重,而且材料的硬度较高也不利于机械加工。本文对42CrMo小圆棒材经过正火、去应力退火、完全退火和等温退火处理后棒材的组织和硬度进行了研究。结果表明:小圆棒42CrMo在热轧状态下主要组织为贝氏体,经过完全退火及等温退火可获得铁素体和珠光体的平衡组织,得到硬度适中的钢材;经过正火和去应力退火处理后钢材的晶粒变细,但组织仍为贝氏体,其中正火处理后硬度未得到改善。     

35CrMo钢亚温淬火强韧化组织与性能研究

选用常规热处理、调质处理加亚温热处理两种工艺对35CrMo钢进行强韧化.结果表明:35CrMo钢经850℃淬火后获得马氏体组织,其硬度值较高,通过600℃回火后测其ak为117 J/cm2,σs为560 MPa,σb为765 MPa,硬度为32HRC,ψ=75%;35CrMo钢经850℃淬火+600℃回火+790℃淬火,其显微组织为铁素体+马氏体+弥散分布的细小残余奥氏体,硬度较高,再经600℃回火后组织为回火索氏体+铁素体,其ak为123 J/cm2,σs达到550 MPa、σb为755MPa,ψ达到76%,硬度为30 HRC.35CrMo钢经850℃淬火+600℃回火+790℃淬火+600℃回火工艺处理后.材料的强度和韧性具有良好的配合.     

退火工艺路径对980 MPa级高强钢组织及性能的影响

为了提升980 MPa级高强钢局部成形性能,采用万能试验机、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及综合成形试验机等研究了不同退火工艺路径的980 MPa高强钢微观组织和力学性能,并评价了其扩孔及局部成形性能。结果表明,除了有铁素体和马氏体两相外,新型Q&T工艺的组织结构还存在回火马氏体中间相,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为3.14μm和2.62μm,马氏体面积分数为61.0%,而传统工艺下为典型的铁素体及马氏体双相组织,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为4.77μm和2.77μm,马氏体面积分数为35.8%。两种工艺伸长率相差不大,但屈服强度和扩孔率具有明显差异,新型Q&T工艺下获得了更高的屈强比及扩孔性能,得益于其更小铁素体晶粒尺寸及铁素体和马氏体硬度差。传统工艺下真实断裂应变(TFS)与真实均匀应变ε_u比值为7.0,而新型Q&T工艺下比值为15.2,因此新型Q&T工艺下具有更优异的局部成形特性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。