有关因素对热障涂层抗热震性能的影响

等离子喷涂热障涂层，对研制新型航空发动机具有重要意义。喷涂热障除层的关键，是如何提高涂层的抗热震性能。本文介绍了涂层结构、基体温度、涂层气孔率、不同粘结底层等因素，对涂层抗热震性能的影响。并简要介绍了涂层的抗高温氧化、抗热盐腐蚀性能及涂层的隔热效果。     

等离子喷涂ZrO2热障涂层的抗热震性能研究

采用等离子喷涂方法在304不锈钢表面喷涂NiCoCrAIY2O3+(ZrO2+7%Y2O3)陶瓷热障涂层,模拟航空发动机涡轮叶片工作环境,研究涂层在加热和空气冷却条件下的抗热震性能.结果表明:喷涂后的涂层内部产生大量微观裂纹,随着热震次数的增加,陶瓷层内部的纵向微观裂纹通过大孔隙的连通方式逐渐在涂层内部扩展.ZrO2陶瓷喷涂后涂层主要以四方相和部分立方相组成,当涂层在热震40次时,陶瓷中的部分四方相向单斜相转变,并伴随着体积的变化,易在涂层中形成新的裂纹并加快原有裂纹的扩展.     

激光重熔纳米氧化锆热障涂层的抗热冲击性能

采用纳米氧化锆团聚粉末和等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米氧化锆涂层,试验研究了激光重熔工艺参数（激光比能量）对纳米氧化锆涂层抗热冲击性能的影响.试验结果表明,激光重熔工艺参数对重熔涂层的抗热冲击性能影响显著,采用合适的工艺参数（激光比能量）,可以使重熔涂层获得最佳的抗热冲击性能.不同激光重熔工艺参数处理的涂层形成的组织结构不同,使得涂层的抗热冲击性能不同.合适的激光重熔工艺参数下涂层表现出高的抗热冲击性能,主要是因为重熔后的涂层组织结构有利于热应力的释放以及其相结构在高温冲击下具有良好的稳定性.     

等离子喷涂梯度热障涂层的抗热震性能

对比研究了等离子喷涂梯度热障涂层与双层热障涂层,试验中梯度热障涂层选用不同比例的NiCoCrAlY与ZrO₂-8%Y₂O₃复合粉末作为梯度过渡层材料,并对两种结构的热障涂层进行了抗热震性能试验。抗热震试验结果表明,梯度热障涂层的抗热震寿命明显高于双层热障涂层的抗热震寿命。     

激光重熔对等离子喷涂ZrO_2-NiCoCrAlY梯度涂层组织与性能的影响

在保证梯度涂层的成分分布方式不被影响的前提下，对其ZrO2表面层进行了激光重熔处理．经重熔处理后，ZrO2熔化区形成了致密的结晶组织，其硬度得以大幅度提高，涂层的抗氧化性能得到较大的改善．同时，由于涂层经受了严重的不均匀受热－冷却过程，在涂层中形成了较大的残余热应力，使ZrO2晶粒发生强烈畸变，并致使熔化区表面形成网状裂纹和少量纵向裂纹贯穿熔化区，降低了熔化区与未熔涂层间的结合强度，对涂层的抗热震性能造成不良影响．     

等离子喷涂纳米Al_2O_3-TiO_2-SiO_2-SiC涂层抗热震性能

将纳米结构Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC粉体经液相喷雾造粒的方法,制备出适合等离子喷涂的球形复合粉体,采用等离子喷涂技术制备出含纳米结构的陶瓷涂层.通过水淬法,将涂层试样分别经500、700、900和1 100 ℃加热并保温10 min,然后投入冷水中以测量其抗热震能力,通过宏观和SEM照片加以观察,分析其失效的机理.试验结果表明,该纳米结构涂层在较低温度( ＜700 ℃)具有优良的抗热震性能.     

等离子喷涂YPSZ陶瓷梯度涂层的组织与抗热震性能

利用等离子喷涂工艺在汽车铝活塞表面制备了氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YPSZ)陶瓷梯度涂层,用电子扫描显微镜、金相显微镜等手段对涂层从组织形貌、物相、显微硬度和热震性能进行了分析.结果表明:基体与涂层结合紧密;涂层在冷却过程中发生了t-ZrO2→m-ZrO2的相变过程;涂层的热震性能良好,可满足活塞的使用要求.     

CeO2添加剂对等离子喷涂ZrO2涂层抗热震性的影响

采用SEM,EPMA和热震方法,研究了CeO2添加剂对等离子喷涂ZrO2i涂层抗热震性能的影响。结果表明：当CeO2由0增加到9.0%（质量分数,下同）时,涂层的抗热震起裂次数和失效次数分别由32次和46次增加到76次和105次;继续增加CeO2,涂层的抗热震性能急剧下降。ZrO2 9.0?O2涂层在热循环中形成的网状微裂纹,不仅可降低涂层中的应力,也可提高涂层开裂的临界温差,从而可改善其抗热震性能。     

激光重熔对TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂热障涂层耐热腐蚀性能的影响

分别采用等离子喷涂和等离子喷涂一激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了热障涂层,研究了两种涂层在850℃：下75％Na2SO4＋25％NaCl（质量分数）熔融盐中的热腐蚀行为,进而分析激光重熔工艺对等离子喷涂热障涂层耐热腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：激光重熔热障涂层可以有效地阻止熔融盐腐蚀介质进入涂层发生腐蚀,具有更优的抗热腐蚀性能和使用寿命。     

激光重熔等离子喷涂Al2O3–13 %TiO2涂层的组织结构

采用等离子喷涂方法制备Al2O3–13%TiO2涂层,对涂层进行激光重熔处理。利用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察涂层断口组织,金相截面组织和金相表面组织形貌,分析激光重熔处理后涂层的凝固过程。结果表明:激光重熔处理,使涂层由块状结构转变为平行排列,垂直于基体方向生长的柱状晶和柱状枝晶结构。由于金属基体温度低、散热快,使得陶瓷涂层上下温差大,诱发了陶瓷晶粒的定向生长,这是使陶瓷晶粒垂直于基体生长的主要原因。     

激光表面重熔对热喷涂铝涂层微观结构及其阻氢性能的影响

采用Ｘ射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及热充氢等方法,研究了激光重熔对不锈钢表面热喷涂铝涂层的微观结构及其阻氢性能的影响。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织均匀、致密,主要由ＡｌＦ３（Ｎｉ,Ｃｒ）固溶体、ＣｒＦｅＮｉ奥氏体等相组成,而且涂层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合。此外,激光表面重熔后涂层的阻氢性能亦得到改善。     

激光重熔对等离子喷涂热障涂层冲蚀行为影响

研究了等离子喷涂和激光重熔ZrO<,2>-7%Y<,2>O<,3>热障涂层的微观结构,同时考察了两种涂层的抗冲蚀性能,并探讨了其冲蚀破坏机理.试验发现,等离子喷涂热障陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征;经过激光重熔处理后,涂层表面形成了沿热流方向生长的柱状品重熔区;相对于等离子喷涂试样,激光重熔涂层有较好的抗冲蚀性能;不管等...     

纳米氧化锆热障涂层组织结构和抗热冲击性能分析

采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了纳米氧化锆热障涂层和常规热障涂层.利用FESEM和XRD对纳米氧化锆热障涂层的组织结构和物相组成进行分析.系统研究了两种热障涂层的抗热冲击性能.微观组织分析结果表明,纳米氧化锆热障涂层展现出独特的纳米—微米复合结构,包括柱状晶和未熔融或部分熔融纳米颗粒.非平衡四方相是涂层的主要物相.抗热冲击性能试验结果表明,纳米氧化锆热障涂层拥有更为优越的抗热冲击性能,这主要得益于其相对致密的结构以及微裂纹、纳米晶粒、小孔径孔隙的应力缓释作用.热应力失效是涂层失效的主要原因.     

奥氏体不透钢堆焊层激光表面重熔组织及耐腐蚀性能

激光重熔表面热处理技术可提高零件表面获得高的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性等,在化工和核电等行业有较好的应用前景,但国内对不锈钢堆焊层焊后表面热处理的研究较少.针对这一现状,对奥氏体不锈钢堆焊层表面进行激光重熔处理,观察其显微组织,并检测重熔表面显微硬度及耐腐蚀性.结果表明,激光重熔后表面显微组织呈细小的树枝-胞状晶奥氏体;激光重熔试样显微硬度大幅提高,较焊态试样提高87.6％;在9.8％的H2SO4溶液中,激光重熔表面处理后的堆焊层金属较易形成钝化膜,耐腐蚀性较好;10％草酸溶液电解试验中,焊态堆焊层金属晶间腐蚀敏感性较高,激光重熔区域为细小的奥氏体晶粒,不易形成连续的“贫铬区”,激光重熔堆焊层金属的晶间腐蚀敏感性较小.     

An investigation on the microstructure and oxidation behavior of laser remelted air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

NiCrAlY bond-coat was coated on Inconel 718 substrate by air plasma spraying (APS) followed by APS ZrO₂-8 wt.%Y₂O₃ as top-coat. Using CO₂ laser of different energy densities, ceramic top-coat surface was remelted. Laser remelting with high energy density (4 J/mm²) produced a dense microstructure over the whole thickness of top-coat, while low energy density (0.67 J/mm²) laser remelting produced a ~ 50 μm thick dense layer on the top-coat surface. It was found that the volume fraction of monoclinic phase decreased from 9% in as-sprayed coating to 4% and 3% after laser remelting with high and low energy density respectively. After isothermal oxidation at 1200 °C for 200 h, the thickness of oxide layer (TGO) in the sample produced by low energy density laser remelting was ~ 5.6 μm, which was thinner than that of oxide layer in as-sprayed (~ 7.6 μm) and high energy density laser remelted (~ 7.5 μm) samples. A uniform and continuous oxide layer was found to develop on the bond-coat surface after low energy density laser remelting. Thicker oxide layer containing Cr₂O₃, NiO and spinel oxides was observed in both as-sprayed and high energy density laser remelted coatings. After cyclic oxidation at 1200 °C for 240 h, the weight gain per unit area of as-sprayed coating was similar to that of high energy density laser remelted coating while a significantly smaller weight gain was found in low energy density laser remelted coating.     

Study of microstructure and thermal shock behavior of two types of thermal barrier coatings

Gas turbines provide one of the most severe environments challenging material systems nowadays. Only an appropriate coating system can supply protection particularly for turbine blades. This study was made by comparison of properties of two different types of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in order to improve the surface characteristics of high temperature components. These TBCs consisted of a duplex TBC and a five layered functionally graded TBC. In duplex TBCs, 0.35 mm thick yittria partially stabilized zirconia top coat (YSZ) was deposited by air plasma spraying and ～0.15 mm thick NiCrAlY bond coat was deposited by high velocity oxyfuel spraying. ～0.5 mm thick functionally graded TBC was sprayed by varying the feeding ratio of YSZ/NiCrAlY powders. Both coatings were deposited on IN 738LC alloy as a substrate. Microstructural characterization was performed by SEM and optical microscopy whereas phase analysis and chemical composition changes of the coatings and oxides formed during the tests were studied by XRD and EDX. The performance of the coatings fabricated with the optimum processing conditions was evaluated as a function of intense thermal cycling test at 1100 °C. During thermal shock test, FGM coating failed after 150 and duplex coating failed after 85 cycles. The adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrate was also measured. Finally, it is found that FGM coating has a larger lifetime than the duplex TBC, especially with regard to the adhesion strength of the coatings.     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔MCrAlY涂层热腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在TiAl合金表面制备了MCrAlY涂层,并用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了TiAl合金、等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层及激光重熔MCrAlY涂层850℃下75%Na₂SO₄+25%NaCl(质量分数)混合盐浸泡热腐蚀性能,分析了不同试样的热腐蚀破坏机理,并讨论了激光重熔处理对涂层热腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层能显著提高TiAl合金的耐热腐蚀性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其耐热腐蚀性能.MCrAlY涂层在高温熔盐中的热腐蚀发生的是表面氧化反应和内部硫化反应,主要生成Al₂O₃,Cr₂O₃,NiO,NiCr₂O₄,Ni₃S₂及CrS等腐蚀产物.     

热喷涂NiCr/Cr3C2、NiCrCoAlY、涂层的微观组织结构及抗震性能

研究分析了等离子喷涂NiCr／Cr3C2、NiCrCoAlY涂层的微观组织结构，并对2种涂层进行了显微硬度及抗热震性能实验。结果表明：NiCr／Cr3C2涂层的硬度高于NiCrCoAlY涂层．而NiCrCoAlY涂层的抗热震性能优于NiCr／Cr3C2涂层。