离子注入AZ91镁合金表面结构和耐蚀性能研究

为改善AZ91镁合金的耐蚀性能,对AZ91镁合金表面进行不同种类离子注入(N、Cr、N+Cr)。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学腐蚀系统和显微硬度仪分析了离子注入前后表面结构、耐蚀性能和显微硬度的变化。结果表明:基体由Mg和Al12Mg17相组成,注入后的试样形成了注入元素与基体元素间的金属间化合物和以固溶形式存在的注入元素。扫描电镜清晰地观察到双离子注入后试样的晶界和不同的相组织结构,说明离子注入对基体产生了明显的溅射作用。注入后自腐蚀电位和显微硬度都得到一定程度的提高,N离子注入试样的显微硬度提高达38.8%。     

热处理对浇铸和压铸AZ91D-RE镁合金组织与性能的影响

分别采用金属模浇铸和压铸方法制备了相同成分的AZ91D-RE合金,应用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和硬度计分析和测试了热处理对合金组织和性能的影响,并对其耐腐蚀性能进行了探讨.结果表明,铸态下AZ91D-RE压铸合金组织由α-Mg和Mg17Al12相组成,而浇注合金中还出现了MgY相;经固溶处理后,压铸合金中的Mg17Al12相全部消失,而浇注合金中尚有部分Mg17Al12相未溶解;随着时效时间的延长,压铸镁合金的硬度先升高后下降,并在11 h达到最大值,而浇注镁合金的的硬度一直升高,表现为时效未完成;在相同条件下,压铸AZ91D-RE合金的组织比浇铸合金的细小,并且,压铸AZ91D-RE合金的耐腐蚀性能也均优于浇铸合金的.     

热处理工艺对AZ91镁合金组织与性能的影响

通过对AZ91镁合金进行不同工艺的固溶处理和时效处理,研究了热处理工艺对AZ91镁合金显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,固溶和时效处理可以明显提高AZ91镁合金的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。分级固溶处理可使AZ91镁合金的抗拉强度提高27 MPa,-20℃冲击吸收功增加10 J,腐蚀电位正移196 mV。     

Y微合金化对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

本文以压铸AZ91D镁合金为研究对象,利用扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉伸试验和盐雾试验等方法研究了不同含量稀土Y的添加对镁合金力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响。试验结果表明,Y元素在AZ91D镁合金中的微量添加能有效细化合金初生相尺寸,并在合金中形成Al_2Y和Al_3Y相。Y微合金化能显著改善合金的抗拉强度和耐蚀性,但当Y元素含量过高时,Al-Y相的过量形成不利于材料综合性能的提高。     

混合稀土对AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

在ZA91镁合金基础上添加不同含量的混合稀土（MM），对其铸态和固溶时效的组织及性能进行了研究。结果表明，MM显著改变AZ91合金的铸态组织，使Mg17Al12相细化，并出现针状相，从而使硬度，强度提高，但冲击韧度值及伸长率下降，进一步的固溶时效证明该针状相并不固溶于基体中，MM的加入，推迟了AZ91的时效硬化过程。     

载波处理对AZ91D镁合金耐蚀性能的影响 Ⅰ-载波处理对AZ91D镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

对AZ91D镁合金进行载波钝化,利用正交试验确定载波钝化工艺的最佳工艺参数。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察载波钝化后的AZ91D镁合金表面形貌;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)、Mott-Schottky曲线等电化学方法研究了载波钝化对合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:载波钝化后,AZ91D镁合金表面生成了一层非常致密的膜,其耐蚀性能显著提高。     

模具结构对AZ91镁合金挤压成形性能的影响

AZ91镁合金由于强度高、流动性好等特点,通常用作铸造合金。研究该合金合理的挤压温度、挤压速度及模具结构,对提高其塑性成形性能、开发高强度变形镁合金有重要的理论和实际意义。文章通过热模拟试验研究了AZ91镁合金应力应变关系,确定了最佳变形温度。在此基础上,采用三维有限元法模拟分析了不同挤压速度、模具结构对挤压过程温度场、速度场及应力场的影响。结果表明,采用锥模和流线模时,当定径带长度为15mm~20mm时,可在挤压速度达到5mm/s的条件下成形出表面光滑无裂纹的镁合金棒材;而采用平模挤压时,当定径带长度为10mm~20mm时,获得良好表面质量的挤压速度达到2.5mm/s。在650t的卧式挤压机上,进行了该合金的挤压实验,实验结果与模拟结果相吻合。     

磁场作用下AZ91镁合金焊接接头固溶时效后的组织与性能

在外加纵向交流磁场作用下,对AZ91镁合金板进行钨极氩弧焊(TIG),并对焊接接头固溶时效处理后的组织性能进行了分析。结果表明,固溶时效后,AZ91镁合金焊接接头组织由基体α-Mg和β-Al12Mg17两相组成,大量β-Mg17Al12相弥散析出。随磁场电流增加,焊接接头晶粒先细小后粗大;磁场电流为1.5 A时,晶粒最为细小,大量β-Mg17Al12相在晶界晶内弥散析出,接头显微硬度、抗拉强度和塑性最好,耐蚀性最差。     

热处理对AZ91D镁合金显微组织的影响

研究了铸态、同溶及时效AZ91D镁合金的微观组织,分析了热处理对合金组织和显微硬度的影响.结果表明.薄片状共晶α相和粗大块状B相的热稳定性都不高,但可分别经过380和410℃同溶处理加以消除;Al-Mn相主要呈颗粒状或针状,尺寸为10～50 μm.经410℃×24 h固溶处理未发生明显改变.固溶样品经200℃×12h时效后有大量长10μm、直径1～2μm的杆状相析出.且主要垂直或斜交于基体,但当时效温度继续升高时析出相将转变为大部分平行于基体分布,使第二相的强化效果减弱.     

氮钛双离子注入AZ31镁合金的抗腐蚀和力学性能

利用金属蒸汽真空弧（MEVVA）离子源在AZ31镁合金表面进行了氮钛（N/Ti）双离子共注入。通过俄歇电子能谱（AES）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、电化学测试系统和显微硬度计,分析比较了双离子共注入前后试样表面的相组成、原子浓度-深度分布、抗腐蚀性能和显微硬度。结果表明：基体合金表面改性层主要由Mg、MgO、Ti、TiO2、TiN等相组成;改性层厚约180 nm;处理后试样显微硬度较基体提高了50%;在3.5%饱和NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位提高600 mV,腐蚀电流密度下降110μA.cm2,极化电阻增加了67.9倍。     

钛离子注入对AZ31镁合金表面力学性能及耐蚀性的影响

对AZ31镁合金表面进行了钛离子注入试验,研究了钛离子注入对于镁合金表面改性层的影响。通过XRD、XPS研究了改性层的相结构和元素分布,通过硬度和摩擦磨损试验研究了改性层的力学性能。结果表明,经过钛离子注入之后,改性层中并无新相生成;当注入剂量为2.5×1017ion/cm2时,改性层深度可以达到160 nm,改性层中Ti呈高斯分布,存在形式从外到内为TiO2向Ti过渡。经过钛离子注入之后,镁合金表面硬度大大提高;改性层的摩擦因数并没有降低,但是耐磨性有所提高。随钛离子注入剂量的增加,改性层的耐腐蚀性能呈先上升后下降趋势。     

Corrosion resistance properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy after Ti ion implantation

Magnesium alloys have a wide range of applications in industry; however, their corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and hardness are rather poor, which limit their applications. Ti ion was implanted into the AZ31 magnesium alloy surface by metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) implanter. This metal arc ion source has a broad beam and high current capabilities. The implantation energy was fixed at 45 keV and the dose was at 9 × 1017 cm?2. Through ion implantation, Ti ion implantation layer with approximately 900 nm in thickness was directly formed on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy, by which its surface property greatly improved. The chemical states of some typical elements of the ion implantation layer were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the cross sectional morphology of the ion im-plantation layer and the phase structure were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The property of corrosion resistance of the Ti ion implanted layer was studied by the CS300P electrochemistry corrosion workstation in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that the property of corrosion resistance was enhanced remarkably, while the corrosion velocity was obviously slowed down.     

微弧表面处理对AZ31B镁合金耐腐蚀及耐腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

采用微弧表面处理技术(微弧氧化MAO和微弧复合MCC)在AZ31B镁合金基体上制备出不同断面结构的防护涂层。通过电化学腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳测试方法,研究了MAO、MCC涂层的电化学腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳性能。结果表明,生长10 min的MAO涂层具有较好的耐电化学腐蚀性能。MAO涂层表面存在微孔和微裂纹,在应力条件下微孔和微裂纹作为疲劳断裂的裂纹萌生点,可加速裂纹的萌生与扩展,使其腐蚀疲劳寿命相较AZ31B合金基体降低了55%。而具有MCC涂层的AZ31B合金试样腐蚀疲劳极限为(64.0±5.4) MPa,比AZ31B合金基体提高了59%。在低应力载荷下(＜80 MPa),微弧复合涂层试样的腐蚀疲劳强度得到明显提高。     

Effects of Ce addition on microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy

In this study, Ce was introduced into the AZ80 alloy and the effects of Ce addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the addition of Ce into the AZ80 alloy can not only refine the microstructure, but also result in the formation of the needle-like Al4Ce phase. These tiny Al4Ce phases are homogeneously distributed at grain boundaries and within grains. An appropriate Ce addition can also change the β-Mg17Al12 phase at the grain boundaries from continuous network to small island-like. At the same time, with the increase of Ce content from 0 to 2.0wt.%, the macro-hardness of the as-cast alloy is enhanced linearly, while impact toughness, tensile strength and elongation all firstly increase and then decrease. The AZ80 alloy containing 1.0wt.% Ce exhibits the optimal properties. Its macro-hardness, impact toughness, tensile strength and elongation are 61.90 HB, 15.50 J·cm^-2, 171.80 MPa and 3.35%, increase by 9.95%, 63%, 13.3% and 36.7%, respectively compared with the base alloy. In addition, Ce can enhance the corrosion resistance of the AZ80 magnesium alloy.     

Influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistanceof AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots

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AZ91D镁合金电火花堆焊组织及腐蚀性能

采用与母材同质的电极材料,在AZ91D镁合金母材上进行电火花堆焊,研究了焊缝的组织、界面特征及腐蚀性能.结果表明,通过优化的工艺参数可以获得组织均匀、致密的电火花堆焊焊缝.焊缝组织晶粒尺寸在1~5μm之间,由过饱和的α-Mg相、Mg₁₇Al₁₂相以及亚稳态Al Mg相所组成;焊缝与母材之间为冶金结合,形成超薄层熔化互扩散结晶型结合界面,母材一侧没有形成明显热影响区,焊缝保持电极原有的成分;焊缝耐蚀性能优于母材,细化的晶粒组织提高腐蚀的均匀性,过饱和的α-Mg相和晶界上网状连续分布的β相降低腐蚀速率,是其耐蚀性能提高的主要因素.     

Preparation and corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloys, the superhydrophobic coatings on AZ31 Mg alloy were prepared by a two-step process of micro-arc oxidation treatment and superhydrophobic treatment in stearic acid ethanol solution. The effects of voltages, frequencies and treatment time on the contact angle of the superhydrophobic treated sample were investigated. The results showed that with increasing the voltage, frequency and treatment time, all of the contact angles of the superhydrophobic treated sample increased first, and then decreased, reaching the maximum values at 350 V, 1000 Hz and 5 min, respectively. The optimal superhydrophobic coating was mainly composed of MgO and Mg₂SiO₄ phases, with the pore diameter of ～900 nm, the thickness of ～6.86 μm and the contact angle of 156.96°. The corrosion current density of the superhydrophobic AZ31 sample decreased by three orders of magnitude, and the amount of hydrogen evolution decreased by 94.77% compared with that of the AZ31 substrate sample.     

Improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by gadolinium addition

Based on the previous investigation on beneficial introduction of holmium into magnesium alloy, the effect of gadolinium, an adjacent rare earth element, on corrosion resistance was examined. The corrosion behavior of two Mg-9Al-Gd alloys （Mg-9Al-0.45Gd and Mg-9Al-l.43Gd） was evaluated and compared with that of Mg-9Al alloy without Gd by means of specimen mass loss and hydrogen evolution in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg（OH）2. The Gd-containing alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance with respect to the plain Mg-9Al alloy. The microstructures of Mg-9Al alloy and Mg-9Al-0.45 Gd alloy were observed by electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS）. The alloys with Gd addition show a microstructure characterized by a phase solid solution, surrounded by minor amount of β phase and more grain-like Gd-containing phase. To illustrate the involved mechanism their polarization curves were recorded. The electrochemical investigations reveal that Gd addition shifts the corrosion potential of the alloy towards active, as Gd containing phase is more active and hence less cathodic. As a result, the micro-galvanic corrosion is suppressed. Moreover corrosion product films formed on the Gd containing alloys are more compact and provide a better protective effectiveness than that on the alloy without Gd against corrosion. Repassivation measurements in mixture solution of 0.21 mol/L K2CrO4＋0.6 mol/L NaCI also verify the beneficial role of Gd addition. Based on the present preliminary analysis, both the deposited Gd-containing phases and corrosion product films are believed to be responsible for the improved corrosion behaviour due to Gd addition.     

稀土Y对AZ80镁合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响

通过静态失重法、电化学测试法、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等测试手段对添加不同含量稀土元素Y的AZ80镁合金的微观组织和腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:稀土Y的加入使实验合金中β-Mg17Al12相的数量明显减少,并且由连续网状分布变为断续状、均匀分布。同时,Y与合金中Al结合形成块状或颗粒状的稀土相Al2Y。本实验条件下,添加0.5%Y合金的耐腐蚀性能最佳,腐蚀速率为0.2585 mg.cm-2.d-1,仅为原始合金腐蚀速率的48.07%,此外加入适量Y可提高合金的平衡电位和腐蚀电位,降低腐蚀电流密度,提高了合金的耐蚀性能。