Lnear Phase FIR Filter on Measuring 3—D Surface

An optical technology for 3-D surface measurement is se up.The technology,based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries the 3-D information of the measured object,can automatically and accurately obtain the phase map of a measured object by using a linear-phase FIR filter.In contrast to the 2-D fast Fourier transform technique,it‘s more than fast.Only one image pattern is sufficient for measuring .The phase map can be processed without assigning fringe orders and making distinction between a depression and an elevation.Theoretical analysis and experimental result are presented.     

Low-cost optoelectronic system for three-dimensional artwork texture measurement

A new optoelectronic system based on a projection unit in which light, coming from a laser diode coupled to an optic fiber impinges on a diffractive optical element (DOE) to produce sinusoidal fringes is proposed for three-dimensional (3-D) texture measurement. If the projected fringe pattern is viewed at an angle different from the projection angle, the fringe profile is phase-modulated by the 3-D object shape. The 3-D map information is obtained with the aid of a fringe analyzer based on phase-shifting synthetic moiré pattern, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), signal demodulation techniques and a robust and fast phase unwrapping performed by a specially developed software. The proposed system is based on a simple and low cost equipment; furthermore, it is suitable for in situ measurements also by nonskilled operators. Some experimental examples illustrate its performance.     

基于线性相位FIR滤波的三维曲面的光学检测

利用一组规则机线投影到物体表面的畸变光珊，采用线性相位ＦＩＲ滤波技术解调出含有物体表面高度信息的相位。建立了一种较二维ＦＦＴ法更快，精度较高的光不检测技术。该技术只需采集一幅图象，不需要确定条纹级次，不存在“凹凸模糊”的问题。本文给出了一个典型试件的实验结果及分析。     

Profilometry with Grating Projection Based on One—step Phase Shift

An optical technique for 3-Dshape measurement is presented.This technique,based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries 3-D information of the measured object,can automatically and accurately obtain the phase map of a measured object by using one-step phase shift algorithm.In comparison with traditional phase-shift technique,the echnique is much faster,with the equivalent accuracy.Only one frame image is sufficient for measuring.Experimental result of typical object is presented.     

实时全息图的自动计算

用Ａｒ激光器作光源，光导热塑料作记录介质ＣＣＤ－－微机系统作探测器，从理论和实验上研究了三个干涉图法的实时全息图的自动计算。该工作不但可以再现被测物体变形的二维等高线，也可以现现其三维变形表面，从而实现变形物体的三维测量，作为实例，测量了压力鼓的变形。     

颜色编码正弦条纹实现孤立动态物体3维测量

采用常规条纹投影与相位分析方法,对动态物体,尤其是空间存在孤立区域、分布不连续的动态物体进行3维面形测量时,很难得到可靠的展开相位。为了解决这一问题,提出一种用颜色编码正弦条纹光栅投影测量的新方法。该方法使用二级编码的颜色信息来标记待投影的正弦条纹,从另一角度拍摄记录带有颜色信息的变形条纹图,根据编码特征进行解码获取颜色级次来确定条纹级次,并指导截断相位的展开,重建空间孤立动态物体的3维面形数据。结果表明,该算法的编码稳定、解码方式可靠,只需要拍摄1幅图就可以较好地重建空间孤立物体的3维面形。     

基于FFT的散斑干涉术测物体变形

在SPI测量变形物体三维位相的原理上,提出了用一个干涉图法,基于二维FFT实现了散斑干涉图三维位相测试的新方法。选用马赫-泽德干涉系统,用CCD分别接收物体变形前后的散斑图,将两幅散斑图相减可以得到变形物体的散斑干涉条纹图。应用MAT LAB软件编程对散斑干涉图进行二维FFT运算,获得变形物体的三维位相。由三维位相分布可以判读物体的三维变形,进而为后续分析物体的三维应力奠定基础。实验表明,该方法简单、速度快,精度可达到λ/10。     

基于相位映射的三维主动视觉标定

通过在结构光发射单元和成像单元间施加几何约束条件,建立统一的坐标系.利用条纹投影和相位映射技术,构造了将编码相位图映射为物体的三维空间坐标的数学模型,进而获得深度图像空间坐标的计算值,然后将其与物体空间的三维标定数据基准进行比较,建立目标函数为误差平方和最小的非线性优化方程.两步法迭代求解这个优化方程,最终获得三维系统的结构参数.实验结果证明了本文提出的三维成像系统标定理论和方法的有效性.     

New approach to extract phase feature of 3-D objects by wavelength-scanning digital holography

Phaseinformationisoneofkeyfeaturesfor3Dob jectsespeciallyforalmosttransparentobject,suchas somebiologicaltissues.Thus,phasefeaturesaremost widelyappliedinrecognization,opticalmetrologyandsoon.Somemethodshavebeenproposedtoobtainthe phaseinformation[14]ofa3…     

Fast nonlinear image reconstruction for scanning impedance imaging

Scanning (electrical) impedance imaging (SII) is a novel high-resolution imaging modality that has the potential of imaging the electrical properties of thin biological tissues. In this paper, we apply the reciprocity principle to the modeling of the SII system and develop a fast nonlinear inverse method for image reconstruction. The method is fast because it uses convolution to eliminate the requirement of a numerical solver for the 3-D electrostatic field in the SII system. Numerical results show that our approach can accurately reveal the exact conductivity distribution from the measured current map for different 2-D simulation phantoms. Experiments were also performed using our SII system for a piece of butterfly wing and breast cancer cells. Two-dimensional current images were measured and corresponding quantitative conductivity images were restored using our approach. The reconstructed images are quantitative and reveal details not present in the measured images.     

Pattern tracking and 3-D motion reconstruction of a rigid body from a 2-D image sequence

This paper presents an integrated method to identify an object pattern from an image, and track its movement over a sequence of images. The sequence of images comes from a single perspective video source, which is capturing data from a precalibrated scene. This information is used to reconstruct the scene in three-dimension (3-D) within a virtual environment where a user can interact and manipulate the system. The steps that are performed include the following: i) Identify an object pattern from a two-dimensional perspective video source. The user outlines the region of interest (ROI) in the initial frame; the procedure builds a refined mask of the dominant object within the ROI using the morphological watershed algorithm. ii) The object pattern is tracked between frames using object matching within the mask provided by the previous and next frame, computing the motion parameters. iii) The identified object pattern is matched with a library of shapes to identify a corresponding 3-D object. iv) A virtual environment is created to reconstruct the scene in 3-D using the 3-D object and the motion parameters. This method can be applied to real-life application problems, such as traffic management and material flow congestion analysis.     

基于最大色差彩色组合编码的三维面形测量方法

为了克服光学三维传感中相位恢复困难的问题,提出了一种基于最大色差彩色组合编码的三维面形测量方法.这种方法的特点之一是使得垂直于条纹方向特定长度的颜色序列是唯一的,从而建立了空间位置与颜色的对应关系.特点之二是相邻条纹之间具有最大色差,因而具有最大可区分性.将得到的彩色组合条纹投影到物体表面得到变形条纹,通过计算各种颜色条纹相对参考平面上条纹移动的距离,可以恢复出物体的高度.实验证明,该方法需要获取的图像少、计算时间少、精度较高,具有很强的抗干扰能力.     

应用散斑照相法测量三维非对称温度场

提出一种光线偏折角放大方法用于提高散斑照相测量灵敏度。应用散斑照相法测定了三维非对称温度场，通过卷积背投影公式得到了ｚ为常数的某个层面的温度分布。实验表明此方法适用于几何尺度较小或温度梯度较小的三维位相物体温度场的散斑照相测量。     

采用新投影技术的三维轮廓术

提出一种基于新的投影方式的三维面形测量技术。这项技术解决了传统投影方式在测量较大物体时带来的视场不够、亮度不均匀，从而影响测量范围及测量精度的问题。测试结果表明，该技术是简单、可行的。     

几种小波在3维面形测量中的应用研究

为了从频域角度分析复Morlet小波、Fan小波和实Mexican hat小波等常用的小波频域特点,采用小波变换和基于结构光投影的3维面形测量方法重建被测物体,并进行了理论分析和实际实验。通过对比1维Morlet小波、1维Mexican hat小波、2维Morlet小波、2维Fan小波、2维Mexican hat小波抑制条纹非线性和噪声的能力,以及对具有不同形变特征的条纹图的相位解调精度,最终得到不同小波处理相同条纹时的重建精度。结果表明,2维小波比1维小波抑噪能力强;Mexican hat小波在恢复存在相位突变的条纹时精度较高。该研究工作为小波变换轮廓术的应用提供了理论参考。     

数字全息中利用图像拼接测量大物体的三维形貌

为扩大数字全息的测量视场,使数字全息可以应用于大物体三维形貌的测量,利用菲涅耳离轴数字全息,让照明光依次照明物体的各个区域并分别记录全息图,利用精密电控旋转台精确控制参考光的入射角以保证每次记录时物参角不变,通过参考光入射角的变化量确定物体不同被照明区域之间的位置关系,对获得的物体去包裹的相位图进行拼接,进而得到整个物体的三维形貌.利用该方法测量了大小为11 cm×19 cm的石膏嘴的三维形貌,图像拼接的绝对拼接误差远小于1.14 mm,高度测量误差约为0.5 mm,实验结果说明这种测量方法能够有效地扩大数字全息测量物体三维形貌的视场并且具有和横向分辨率相当的拼接精度.     

基于锁相循环投影的三维曲面光学检测

由一组规则栅线投影到物体表面的变化光栅,采用锁相循环解调算法解调出含有物体表面高度信息的相位。该技术的最大优势是不需传统的相位去包裹,利用该算法对二维栅线图扫描确定相位,给出了一个典型试件的实验结果和分析。     

Subpixel Target Location Techniques for 3—D Coordinate Measuring System

The close photogrammetric 3-D coordinate meaurement is a new measuring technology in the fields of the coordinate measurement machine (CMM) in recent yearsl.In this method,we usually place some targets on the measured object and take image of targets to determine the object coordinate.The subpixel location of target image plays an important role in high accuracy 3-D coordinate measuring procedure,In this paper,some subpixel location methods are reviewed and some factors which affect location precision are analyzed. Then we propose bilinear interpolation centroid algorithm.The experiments have shown this algorithm can improve accuracy of target centroid by increasing available pixels.     

钛合金叶片三维测量中背景去除的两步法研究

基于双频栅线法的三维测量系统因其相位的过程不易受到噪声干扰而被广泛应用于三维轮廓测量领域。针对当测量对象为钛合金叶片时,因叶片主体颜色和参考平面颜色对比度太低而引起的叶片连续相位图与背景图像难以区分的问题,提出两步去除背景法:首先将参考平面预置为黑色背景,以增大参考平面与钛合金叶片的颜色对比度,实现有效区分二者的目的;然后结合Matlab软件中的imcrop图像切割函数,进行有效包裹叶片的变形光栅条纹图像的自动截取,进而运用双频栅线法进行相位展开,最终得到完整的叶片连续相位图。实验结果证明,所述方法不仅可以有效地区分开叶片连续相位图与背景图像,从而将背景图像完整去除,同时也提高了整个三维测量系统解相位的精度。     

基于傅里叶变换去隔行图像的动态3维面形测量

为了解决动态面形测量中隔行扫描CCD相机记录动态物体表面变形条纹图像存在缺陷的问题,提出了傅里叶变换去隔行算法,即把隔行扫描CCD获取动态物体的错位模糊帧图像分成两个单场图像,分别对每一单场图像进行傅里叶变换去隔行处理,再利用条纹分析法重建对应时刻的3维面形。理论分析得出单场傅里叶变换去隔行图像与对应的准确满帧图像相同的结论。结果表明,该方法可以很好地恢复条纹和重建物体,且简单实用,可用于基于空间相位检测、相位测量轮廓术、傅里叶变换轮廓术等条纹分析方法的动态物体3维测量中。