Feature-based representation for manufacturing planning

Improved integration using product models in a computer aided design and manufacture environment implies that there is an enhanced need to provide information support across a wide range of applications. In a typical situation concerned with mechanical products, these applications are likely to include detail design, process planning and assembly planning. Features have frequently been used to support these and other applications individually, but single feature representations that simultaneously meet the information needs of a number of applications are unusual. Assembly and process planning are two important aspects of an integrated design and manufacture system, and a formal structure for their representation in a feature-based design system is presented. Features are considered to be machined volumes and are described in a hierarchical taxonomy that is designed to be useful across a range of machined components. The assembly structure is also defined hierarchically with the (machining) features forming the basic entities in the assembly. Assembly relationships among features are defined in the form of mating relationships that are carried by the features. A set of mating relationships between pairs of features has been defined after having studied the literature and a number of engineering products. An integrated data structure containing process planning information from earlier research work and the assembly mating relationships is presented and forms the basis of class definitions for each level in the assembly hierarchy. Object-oriented programming techniques have been used to implement a prototype system using the ACIS solid modelling kernel. The research has illustrated the feasibility of using a single feature representation to support a number of activities within a computer integrated manufacturing environment.     

从语境到设计对象的生活方式研究

目的 了解不同学科、学者对生活方式的研究角度和观点,找出生活方式作为设计对象需要关注的角度和可能的路径。方法 主要通过文献研究法,梳理哲学、社会学、经济学等科学对生活方式的研究角度和观点;将戏剧、文学、诗歌等学科对生活的描述与设计思维进行结合,来思考生活体验的构成方式。结论 生活方式无论在社会学还是经济学,都是以承载人类行为活动的场景或语境而存在。从体验角度提出具有哲学意义的生活体验构成PCI模型,认为人的过去经历和理想同时存在和影响了现实生活的体验,针对生活方式的设计需要考虑人的过去经历和对未来的期许。     

Topological properties that model feature-based representation conversions within concurrent engineering

One of the fundamental axioms of concurrent engineering is that undertaking functional design without foreseeing the manufacturing process leads to production delays and increased costs. This widely accepted concurrent engineering principle is given a formal basis by development of a mathematical model for the conversion of a feature-based design representation to a manufacturing representation. Within the domain of thin-walled components, it is shown that the conversion to tooling cost representations can result in a discontinuous function when the sets of design and manufacturing representations have been formulated as topological spaces. This discontinuity formally reflects the folklore that a small design change can significantly increase product cost. The mathematical sophistication required within this model is suggestive of why manufacturability evaluations can be quite difficult.     

Feature-based metal stamping part and process design. Part I: stampability evaluation

It is essential to devise a representation scheme for the metal stamping part design which allows the designer to capture and reason the design information, and ultimately, to take various considerations into account and make evaluation decisions. In our research, the feature-based approach is used to represent the metal stamping part, and feature-based metal stamping part and process design has been studied and presented in a two-part paper. This is the first of a two-part paper focusing on stampability evaluation. In Part II a feature-based stamping process planning approach is investigated. This paper presents a feature- and knowledge-based stampability evaluation system. Tasks of this research include identification of the aims, criteria, and procedure of stampability evaluation, as well as the formalization of the stampability evaluation knowledge. Stampability evaluation is classified into stampability verification and stampability measurement. Stampability verification is used to determine whether a part design is stampable or not. Stampability measurement can be employed to select a best design from stampable candidate designs. Based on the stamping design feature definition, a stampability-coding scheme with incorporated knowledge has been developed to enable comprehensive stampability evaluation. Finally, a case study demonstrates the feasibility of such stampability evaluation system.     

Feature-based design for process planning of machining processes with optimization using genetic algorithms

The development of a feature-based design environment that can be applied in the concept-to-manufacturing stages of the machining process is explained. It is broadly divided into four modules, namely, feature-based design (FBD) environment, virtual factory environment (VFE), operation-based feature mapping (OBFM) and optimization using genetic algorithms (GA). The feature-based design environment module is used for the design, modelling, synthesis, representation and validation of the components for machining application. It uses integrated features, which are predefined as feature templates in the feature library. While instancing these integrated features, they get/derive the information required for the design, modelling, process planning and manufacturing stages of the components as their attributes, from the user/knowledge base. After creating the component, integrated features present in it are validated with respect to its application, namely machining process. The VFE module defines the mathematical model of the factory in the computer, which provides the database for operations, machines, cutting tools, work pieces, etc. The knowledge base maps validated features of the component into operation sets in the first phase of the OBFM stage. Each operation in the operation sets can be carried out using different machines and cutting tools in the factory. All these possible choices are obtained in the second phase of OBFM. GA is used to find the optimal sequence of operations, machines and cutting tools for different criteria. Provisions are also available to generate NC codes for operations, which are to be carried out with NC or CNC machines, if selected. Thus, the optimal process plan for the selected criteria with respect to the given factory environment is found for the modelled component. The feature-based design system developed is built on existing CAD, programming and spread-sheet software tools, namely CATIA®, MS-Visual Basic® and MS-Excel®, which not only save developmental effort, but also make full use of the functionalities of these commercial softwares. This paper explains the developed system with a case study.     

基于群智能与案例推理的民宿酒店服务设计探究

目的 为了提高设计师对以往知识与用户评价的服务设计管理,通过人工智能与管理学科的技术辅助实现群智能服务设计系统。方法 使用CBR(Case-Based Reasoning)与感性工学服务设计原理为前期研究框架,采用网络爬虫技术收集用户评语,使用人工智能知识图谱作为评价词汇数据库,实现对于服务设计知识的管理。通过TRIZ推理与原理整理作为设计创意输出依据主体。利用KANO研究方法确定用户需求并对输出设计功能进行实验验证。结果 KANO实验结果较为理想,本研究方法具有一定的参考意义。结论 知识图谱对于领域服务设计知识管理有可观的效果,通过一定可溯源推理方式让创意输出具有依据性,符合未来服务设计快速发展的需求。     

Improving product based on affordance with fuzzy theory for product development strategy

This paper presents a design strategy which combines both conceptual and mental design information to quantitative degrees of affordance using a fuzzy scale that provides user-to-designer information. The traditional communication channel has been hidden. In the past, design concepts were not a result of direct communication between designers and users. This study found that, based on users’ mental models, users can reflectively modify product characteristics to improve the convenience of usage. These insights offer a hidden communication channel for designers and are defined as generalised affordance within the context of this research. This study proposed a novel method to semi-quantify affordance using a fuzzy linguistic modelling technique to establish a fuzzy scale table that quantifies degrees of affordance. An affordance fuzzy matrix (AFM) was created to assess the effects of affordance of each task necessary to utilise each product component. The overall results of the AFM indicate the generalised affordance of a particular product. Hidden messages are the characteristic of a product improved by the user itself because of his habit, which incurs additional product features, symbols and words, and will help product designers for further design strategy and improvements. In this study, generalised affordance is applied to an electric oven as an example.     

设计思维视角下的设计问题复杂性探究

目的 提出一种视角来梳理设计问题的复杂性的理论来源和设计思维的内涵与外延,以此为基础来诠释复杂设计问题与设计思维之间的关系.方法 运用文献研究、案例研究、类比分析作为主要的研究方法.首先通过文献研究从历史语境梳理了复杂设计问题和设计思维的理论发展脉络;然后通过案例研究来解释了面对超出任何单一学科认知和资源限制的复杂问题时,设计思维的整合特性和创新特性可以提供更多可能性的解决方案,而这种系统性的解决方案不是某些局部的技术突破所能取代的;最后,通过类比分析,在现实语境中辨析作为人类创造性思维的主要构成形式的科学思维、艺术思维、工程思维和设计思维之间的差异性和关联性,以多维的视角阐述设计思维的跨学科整合和创新特性.结论 综合多视角的观点证明:设计问题的复杂性体现在多学科交叉性和人的行为和感性因素的不确定性两个方面;面对设计问题的复杂性,设计创新实践是一个运用设计思维解决复杂问题的系统过程;设计思维的整合特性为消除学科之间的鸿沟、促进跨学科融合以及定义人的因素的不确定性提供了一种新的路径和方法.     

Packaging Design: General Framework and Research Agenda

Traditionally, packaging design has had a subordinate role with respect to product design and production systems design; however, its impact on supply chain costs and performances can be devastating. Only in the past few years its strategic role has been recognized both in theory and in practice. Although packaging design research attracted considerable attention in the recent past, the purpose of this article is to broaden the field even further in two main directions. First, an attempt is made to review the status of literature on packaging design: a total of 89 articles published between 1990 and 2011 are reviewed and classified by content. In this contest, related International Standards are also presented and discussed, and a conceptual framework for packaging design is presented. Second, an agenda for future research in this area is provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Review of Analysis of Dynamic Response in Design of Experiments

Systems with dynamic characteristics have gained increasing attention of both researchers and engineers in industry in recent years. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of investigations on what might be called dynamic response in experimental design, so as to facilitate further research in this area. We briefly review the development of research on dynamic problems in diverse fields such as statistical quality control, biostatistics, experimental design and repeated measurements. Discussions in the past are specially sorted out on the definition and classification of dynamic response problems as encountered in general experimental design and robust design, and various perspectives of system types and response types. Four categories of modelling techniques in classical experimental design are summarized from the literature according to distinct application conditions; this would provide a useful basis for future investigations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于情境分类的3D打印交互信息模型构建

目的基于复杂情境中交互信息的属性与表征,为平台化编辑型软件设计提供一种复杂信息的分类与组织方法。方法从交互设计角度,运用文献研究、比较分析法以及案例推理法,对复杂情境中的交互信息进行属性与表征分析,比较不同角度中情境建模思路的差异性,并构建以交互设计角度为切入点的情境模型,最后通过笔者参与的设计实践进行实例验证。结果通过情境建模,可以看出复杂情境信息一般分为内容与流程两种属性,同时也存在属性的交叉,其中内容层面的非结构化信息为设计的重点。结论通过实例验证来看,基于复杂情境的交互信息模型可以将设计信息进行有效分类组织,为基于3D打印的平台化编辑型软件的设计与开发提供了一种辅助设计思路。     

Manufacturing features: Verification interaction accessibility and machinability

A major problem in CAD/CAM integration lies in the difficulty in representing the component definition adequately for all applications. Features are considered as a main factor in the CAD and CAM link because various design, engineering and manufacturing data can be associated with a feature. However, tagging feature labels onto geometry does not guarantee the geometric correctness of the resultant feature; knowledge of the topology and analysis of the geometry is needed to correctly identify the validity of the resultant feature. This paper discusses a feature-based design system capable of representing 2.5D components in terms of manufacturing features such as holes, slots and pockets, which are associated with distinctive manufacturing processes. The system is capable of verifying all the defined features by comparing the definition of the resultant features against those of the applied features. Feature interactions are considered to investigate the effect of the interaction on the validity, accessibility and machinability of each feature. Individual features can be extracted from the product model, where all the information about the product is held, for analyses. Each volumetric feature corresponds to a solid that can be removed by one or more machining operations; as a consequence of applying volumetric features, surface features are generated. These surface features provide enough information to enable the validity and machinability of the individual features to be determined and to establish the possible routes in which the feature can be accessed, if any. The proposed approach has been explored in a rapid prototyping test bed consisting of product modelling environment coupled with a solid modeller.     

劝导设计的研究热点与发展趋势

目的 使用文献计量学对近二十年的劝导设计研究进行可视化分析,旨在探索劝导设计的当前研究现状与未来发展趋势,为我国的劝导设计研究起到参考与启示性作用。方法 以Web of Science核心合集数据库作为数据来源,用R bibliometrix和VOSviewer文献计量工具生成科学知识图谱,R bibliometrix包用于对文献年发表量、国家、机构、作者、期刊进行定量分析,VOSviewer用于构建文献共被引、     

基于文献计量学的非物质文化遗产设计研究进展可视化分析

目的 系统了解国内非物质文化遗产设计的研究领域,分析目前非遗设计的理论基础与研究热点,并根据当前研究热点探讨其发展趋势。方法 数据源为中国知网(CNKI)收录的非遗设计相关文献,使用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件将文献的年份产出分布、研究机构与高产作者、研究热点演变及未来趋势、参考文献高被引情况等进行科学知识图谱绘制,最终以可视化分析形式梳理研究脉络。结论 结果表明,非遗设计在文献产出方面基本呈上升趋势,但2022年有下降的发展趋势,文献产出的峰值产生于2021年,反映了该领域已于2021年到达了研究阶段的成熟期。研究热点着重于非遗设计教育、非遗设计应用、非遗跨学科设计方法;未来研究发展趋势为互联网+、数字化发展及文化传承可持续;然而目前的研究仍存在研究合作较少、高产量作者数量较少的问题。     

符号修辞视角下的普陀山地区文创产品设计研究

目的 以普陀山景区文创产品为研究对象,从符号修辞视角研究普陀山文创产品中文化和信息的传达,促进普陀山文旅产业发展。方法 首先,介绍普陀山文创产品设计现状;其次,在对符号修辞概念阐释的基础上,说明符号修辞理论如何为产品设计所用,并从积极和消极两方面提出符号修辞理论在普陀山文创设计中的应用范围;最终,依据产品语用条件产生的消极修辞构建普陀山文创的设计构思路径,依据修辞格使用产生的积极修辞构建普陀山文创的设计实践路径,并用实例验证所构建设计路径的可行性。结论 普陀山文创设计涉及的符号修辞活动包括积极和消极两方面,积极修辞指设计过程中设计师对修辞格的主动使用,包括符号明喻、隐喻、转喻、提喻、象征5种修辞格的使用;而消极修辞指语境对产品表意的影响,包括文化、历史、场合和用户心理语境综合产生的设计解释和评价两个维度的修辞。符号修辞视角下普陀山文创设计路径的构建,包含设计构思和设计实践两个阶段性路径构建,设计构思路径立足于消极修辞,在普陀山的山海渔文化语境、佛教文化语境、文创产品自身的设计文化语境,以及用户休闲度假和朝圣旅游的心理语境中进行文化研究、产品研究和用户研究;设计实践路径立足于积极修辞,在设计构思路径基础上将文化概念和产品特征以修辞格的喻体—谕旨思维联系起来,最终完成普陀山文创产品设计内涵的表达。     

Unexpected discoveries and S-invention of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process

Designers, during a conceptual design process, do not just synthesize solutions that satisfy initially given requirements, but also invent design issues or requirements that capture important aspects of the given problem. How do they do this? What becomes the impetus for the invention of important issues or requirements? So-called ‘unexpected discoveries', the acts of attending to visuo-spatial features in sketches which were not intended when they were drawn, are believed to contribute to it. The purpose of the present research is to verify this hypothesis. Analysing the cognitive processes of a practising architect in a design session, we found that in about a half of his entire design process there were bi-directional relations between unexpected discoveries and the invention of issues or requirements. Not only did unexpected discoveries become the driving force for the invention of issues or requirements, but also the occurrence of invention, in turn, tended to cause new unexpected discoveries. This has provided empirical evidence for two anecdotal views of designing. First, designing is a situated act; designers invent design issues or requirements in a way situated in the environment in which they design. We call inventions of this sort situated-invention (S-invention). Secondly, a design process progresses in such a way that the problem-space and the solution-space co-evolve. Further, this has brought a pedagogical implication as well as an insight about an important aspect of learning by experience in design.     

现代设计技术的最新进展─—“现代制造技术”系列之二

论述了现代设计技术的最新进展中最具代表性的三个方面，即并行设计、绿色产品设计和智能设计技术。围绕着设计现念和方法的彻底转变与更新，按照设计模式、设计观念和设计自动化等三个方面对以上研究领域的研究动态即发展方向进行了综述，并指出：并行、绿色与智能将是未来设计系统的主要特征。     

Virtual prototyping to design better corporate buildings

For new generations of decision-makers virtual worlds will be a normal part of their lives due to the gaming and filming industries. Their future needs for visualisation, serious gaming, and decision-making in support of new technologies will emerge and grow, and will finally be fulfilled. This development will be especially useful in the context of social architecture for organizations. Virtual reality (VR) allows examination of such models holistically as well as on the decomposed lower levels. With virtual worlds hard calculable facts and algorithms are as important as soft complex systems and the meaning of spaces. VR gives science a reliable escape from the scientific flatlands that are generally presented on paper or screen. Building 3D of social architecture for organizations, as well as 4D for a profound debate about possible future states of these organizations will advance our understanding of the decisions that are successful in this specific context.