四辊板带轧机工作稳定性分析

现代化的四辊板带轧机由于在线换辊的需要,轴承座与机架间存在换辊间隙.虽然为了保证轧制稳定设置了工作辊相对支承辊的偏心距,但偏心距派生出的水平力仍使辊系处于不稳定的工作状态.本文在充分考虑附加弯矩和摩擦弯矩的影响后,通过对板带轧机轴承座与机架间有效间隙的分析,并结合辊系最佳偏移距的确定,提出了保证轧制稳定的措施,给出了相应的理论计算.     

2200铝箔四辊轧机主传动系统附加力矩对轴承座稳定性的影响分析

四辊轧机的主传动系统万向接轴除了带动轧辊旋转的转矩,还产生附加力矩。对于在线换辊的轧机,机架与轴承座存在必需的换辊间隙,虽然传统理论中设置有工作辊与支承辊的偏心距,但在附加力矩的激励作用下,整个带间隙的开放辊系处于不稳定的状态。对万向接轴附加力矩的消除仅仅靠偏心距是不够的,本文对此进行了分析。     

四辊轧机辊系偏移距机理的不确定性和微尺度静定性

生产板带的四辊轧机辊系,普遍设置偏移距求得轧辊间平行定位及其稳定以防止辊间交叉,成为四辊轧机辊系平行定位机理编入轧机教科书及参考书中。近代相继出现的现代四辊轧机辊系都设置偏移距,但未能保证其机理的确定性,辊间动态交叉现象的发生屡禁不止,引发超大轴向力损坏推力滚动轴承或生成轧制支反力偏差破坏板形控制的稳定性。设置偏移距3mm的高速铝箔四辊轧机轴向力在线检测试验,揭示轧制过程中工作辊与支承辊之间发生规律性动态交叉现象。轧制中轧辊之间的动态交叉行为,与轴承座和机架窗口立柱间微小间隙大小相对应,只限于轧机的交叉角β≤0.05°区间,远小于交叉(Paircross,PC)轧机的交叉角(β=1°～1.5°),但派生的轴向力超出额定值的3倍以上。四辊轧机模拟辊系偏移距静态零调试验,探明轧辊间初始安装位置不变没有轧辊的水平位移。辊间动态交叉现象和静态水平位移为零的两种结果,揭示出设置偏移距机理的不确定性,不能用于四辊轧机辊系平行定位及稳定性设计。     

新型冷轧板带轧机工作辊面轴承座

介绍一种新型冷轧板带轧机工作辊轴承座的结构设计,此设计可得到较大的传动轴直径,整体装卸工作辊轴承座,减少安装时间,提高轧机的生产效率。     

降低无缝连轧机辊耗实践

宝钢无缝钢管连轧机辊耗占轧管区域总辊耗的45%-50%。经过分析发现,轧辊耐磨性差、轧辊偏磨是造成辊耗上升的主要原因。通过优化配辊模式,改进轧辊材质,提高连轧机牌坊和轧辊轴承座精度等改进措施实施,连轧辊辊耗由6.09元/吨降低到5.20元/吨,效果显著。     

3000T热矫直机辊系更换的优化与提升

分析辊系更换现状，查找影响辊系更换效率的因素，通过系统性优化辊系更换方案，提升辊系更换效率，大幅缩短换辊时间。     

某铝热连轧工作辊轴承座变形原因分析

本文分析了某铝热连轧粗轧机工作辊轴承座变形原因,由于AGC缸的误操作,导致轴承座承受大的载荷而导致变形。     

新型冷轧机工作辊面轴承座

介绍一种新型冷轧板带轧机工作辊轴承座的结核设计,此设计可得至较大的传动轴直径。整体装卸工作辊轴承座,减少安装时间,提高轧机的生效率。     

UCM工作辊弯辊系统结构及辊系强度校核

简要介绍UCM轧机工作辊弯辊系统的结构及工作原理,详细分析工作辊辊系的结构,使用有限元对工作辊辊系重要部件轴承座和工作辊扁头进行强度分析和校核,以此指导实际设计工作。     

磨粉机快辊轴承座加工工艺设计

设计了磨粉机快辊轴承座的加工工艺和具体的工装夹具.利用卧式加工中心加工磨粉机快辊轴承座,辅以能够高效快速夹紧的夹具,既可以保证加工精度,又能够提高加工效率.     

计算机辅助设计凸轮及其数控加工

介绍了如何利用计算机对于形状复杂和高精度的凸轮进行辅助设计,以及将设计结果直接在数控机床上加工的方法,分析了图解法设计的局限性和计算机辅助设计的优越性,指出了利用计算机辅助解析法设计是实现数控加工的基础,也是未来机械设计的发展方向。     

Automated fixture configuration using projective geometry approach

The geometric and topological specification of a workpiece boundary is usually represented in a specific data format in a CAD database. To retrieve a set of workpiece data, to analyse its shape in addition to the machining requirements, and to determine the proper fixture configuration accordingly, are not trivial tasks when a part has a complicated shape. The real challenge is to recognise and synthesise the shape of a workpiece from its data representation. Consequently, the decision for fixturing can be made when the shape of a workpiece and the relationship of the shape and the fixturing configuration can be derived by a systematic methodology. In this paper, a projective spatial occupancy enumeration (PSOE) approach is applied as a representational and manipulating scheme for developing algorithms in automatic fixture configuration. The workpiece is projected onto the working plane of the fixture baseplate. A 2D projection is defined as a matrix of cells which can represent a workpiece with an arbitrary shape. Using a discrete search based upon the matrix of cells, the fixture types and their locations are generated according to a set of heuristic algorithms. This work is a generalisation and extension of previous works for prismatic parts. The same methodology is equally applicable in general robot grasping.     

A re-configurable cross-sectional imaging system for reverse engineering based on a CNC milling machine

This paper presents a novel reverse engineering digitizing system for full part geometry, which is based on a cross-sectional imaging device built in a NC milling machine. The system successively captures a picture for each planar cross-section contour of the part by end-milling and CCD imaging, and builds the geometry for both external and internal surfaces of the complex 3D part based on a set of the vectored cross-sectional contours. The system mainly consists of three components: a NC milling machine, a cross-sectional imaging device and a computer control unit. Some issues involving the principle and process flow of the system, encasing materials, cross-sectional imaging and NC code generation, etc. are described in detail. Built on an existing NC milling machine, a portable device for capturing the cross-sectional images is designed, which includes an isolated light source, a digital camera, a protective case, a rigid arm and a robust tripod. The device, connected to a computer control unit, serves as a highly flexible accessory for the NC milling machine, constructing the cross-sectional imaging system for reverse engineering. Furthermore, the error analysis and accuracy assessment of the system are also addressed. A typical case is discussed in detail to illustrate the applications of the system. Such a re-configurable digitizing system for reverse engineering offers a number of advantages, such as the functional extension of an existing NC milling machine, low costs, and rapid construction. As a result, this system provides a feasible and useful scheme for many enterprises to construct their own reverse measuring system based on existing equipment to aid in rapid product development and extend the function of existing equipment.     

智能气体识别仪的研究

智能气体识别仪用以识别气体种类,它具有学习识别多种气体的功能。本文介绍了仪器的工作原理、特点及仪器的硬件和软件构成。     

A CO2 tracer-gas method for local air leakage detection and characterization

A method for local measurement of air leakage rate is presented that can be used to accurately and quickly assess leakage rates across a surface, such as around a valve or hatch in a pressurized gas tank or a window in a building. The method uses a small local enclosure with constant volume placed about a region on the structure under investigation (e.g., a window), which is depressurized and injected with a small concentration of carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. The time variation of the pressure and carbon dioxide concentration inside the enclosure are monitored and used to quantify the leakage flow rate as a function of pressure difference. This method uses a small enclosure with internal mixing so that a quasi-steady-state condition is quickly achieved. Because of the small size of the enclosure, advanced data processing techniques are necessary to reduce uncertainty in determination of the rate of change of the carbon dioxide concentration that arises from sensor variability. Results of a laboratory demonstration of the proposed leakage detection and characterization device are reported for the problem of leakage through a circular hole in a plate with prescribed pressure differences. Experimental results from the laboratory tests are found to be in excellent agreement with results of a numerical simulation of leakage flow through a hole, as well as predictions from a number of empirical equations for this problem found in the literature.     

CMM Probing Accessibility in a Single Slot

This study presents a novel mathematical method for resolving the accessibility of a through slot when using coordinate measuring machines. The proposed method considers the actual shape of a probe consisting of a motor column, a stylus, and a probe tip. Also derived herein is a mathematical method to derive the feasible probe orientation of the measurement point in the bottom of a slot using a geometrical relationship between the probe and the slot.     

基于柔性解耦梁和显微视觉的精密同轴定位系统

针对偶件装配对同轴度的要求,提出了一种基于柔性解耦梁和显微视觉技术的同轴定位调整系统.为满足同轴度在线调整和轴套的位姿保持,设计了一种“田”字型两自由度柔性解耦梁机构,并结合微动平台和夹具来实现同轴度调整时零件轴的精确定位.根据力学原理,建立了柔性梁的刚度模型,结合有限元法进行仿真分析,确定出梁的结构参数尺寸.对同轴定...     

基于柔性可控气液界面的微尺度执行器

为了在微尺度范围内实现对目标对象进行柔性施力、推拉等一系列微纳操作,提出一种通过生成控制单个微尺度气泡直接与目标对象进行微纳操作的方法。当用气泡作为执行器对目标对象施力时,由于气体的可压缩性,气泡会被挤压变形,实现了柔性施力的过程。首先通过毛细管连接气泵的方式在液体环境下生成单个微尺度气泡,并定性分析气压法生成控制气泡变化的过程;随后,为了验证气泡可以作为执行器对研究对象进行施力,实验以一个微型悬臂梁作为参照物,气泡作为执行器对悬臂梁的末端施力,通过悬臂梁的形变来估算气泡的施力值。对实验数据进行分析,得出气泡作为执行器特性以及气泡的形变与其输出力之间的线性关系。     

Massless links with external forces and bushing effect for multibody dynamic analysis

When the contribution of lightweight components to the total energy of a system is small, the inertia effects are sometimes ignored by replacing them to massless links. For example, a revolute-spherical massless link generates two kinematic constraint equations between adjacent bodies and allows four relative degrees of freedom. In this paper, to implement a massless link systematically in a computer program using the velocity transformation technique, the velocity transformation matrix of massless links is derived and numerically implemented. The velocity transformation matrix for a revolute-spherical massless link and a revolute-universal massless link are appeared as a 6X4 matrix and a 6X3 matrix, respectively. A massless link model in a suspension composite joint transmitting external forces is also developed and the numerical efficiency of the proposed model is compared to a conventional multibody model. For a massless link transmitting external forces, forces acting on links are resolved and transmitted to the attached points with a quasi-static assumption. Numerical examples are presented to verify the formulation.     

Robust scene recognition using a GA and real-world raw-image

This paper presents a new concept of scene recognition by a genetic algorithm (GA), using the 2-D gray-scale image of a working space, termed here as raw-image, and a model shaping the 2-D top-surface of a target object. In fact here, the problem of object recognition in the raw-image is changed into an optimization problem of a model-based evaluation function. We make use in this research of a GA, as a search and optimization method. This GA employs a model-based fitness function as its objective function to perform the search of a target in the raw-image. In this research, three object models, namely a frame model, a surface model, and a surface-strips model are investigated in order to determine which one is the best for scene recognition in a noisy environment. Also, in order to appraise the recognition performance of each model, a comparative study is performed by analyzing the answers to the following criteria questions: sensitivity, reliability, and speed. The effectiveness of the method has been verified through experiments using real-world raw-images, and the method has shown its robustness of object recognition with the surface-strips model, in spite of the noises in the scene.