槽式液体分布器预分布管的均匀性分析

为了提高槽式液体分布器预分布管流体分配的均匀性,把均匀开孔变成非均匀开孔Ⅰ、非均匀开孔(加卸压孔)Ⅱ两种开孔方式,借助计算流体力学软件FLUENT利用k-ε模型对其三维流场进行数值模拟求解。分析得出改变开孔直径,并加一卸压孔这种开孔方式下各孔的出流量、管内的静压和湍动能分布最均匀,适用于工程的操作。     

分流板结构对微通道平行流蒸发器性能的影响

试验研究了仅改变微通道平行流蒸发器内第一个分流板上的开孔数量和位置时,蒸发器的流动和换热性能的变化规律。结果表明：分流板的开孔数量和位置对蒸发器的流动和换热性能影响很大。合理布置分流板的结构,可以改善蒸发器内的流量分配,从而提高蒸发器的制冷能力,同时压降也会上升,且上升幅度大于制冷量的增加幅度。分流板上的总开孔面积一定时,开孔数量和位置的变化对蒸发器的内部阻力系数没有影响。分流板上的开孔数量太少及开孔位置偏离中心都不利于流量的均匀分配。分流相对均匀的第一个分流板的结构是：开孔数量是扁管数量的一半,开孔位置与相邻两扁管的投影等距。     

变孔径直管液体分布器的研究与设计

本文研究了均匀开孔与非均匀开孔直管液体分布器的流量分配。结果表明,改变孔径可有效地提高流量分配的均匀性。根据修正动量方程和实验数据计算并关联了动量摩擦修正系数。对小孔阻力系数进行了测定和关联。提出了变孔径直管液体分布器的设计方法,并给出设计示例。     

变孔径直管液体分布器的研究与设计

本文研究了均匀开孔与非均匀开孔直管液体分布器的流量分配。结果表明，改变孔径可有效地提高流量分配的均匀性。根据修正动量方程和实验数据计算并关联了动量摩擦修正系数。对小孔阻力系数进行了测定和关联。提出了变孔径直管液体分布器的设计方法，并给出设计示例。     

布风结构对埋管浅床内非均匀颗粒流化特性的影响

针对含内埋管的3维浅层流化床，以空气和非均匀铝矾土铸造砂颗粒为气相和固相开展冷态实验，采用压差变送器测量了5种不同开孔率布风板的床层压降，考察了开孔率、静床高度及流化仓室配风模式对非均匀颗粒流态化特征参数及流化质量的影响。结果表明，非均匀颗粒的床层压降特性曲线不存在明显的突变，流化过程分为固定床、半流态化和完全流态化三个阶段，各阶段分界点特征速度受开孔率影响不大。对于平均粒径为215μm的非均匀颗粒，床层压降标准差随开孔率的变化存在极小值，开孔率为0.79%的布风板流态化稳定性最高。配风模式对多仓室流化床局部床层压降有重要影响，采用等风速模式可有效降低仓室之间的压降差异，提高整体流化空间的均匀性。     

化工工艺管线斜角度带压开孔技术的应用

通常管道在不停输带压开孔时,其支管与被开孔主管中心线是处于同一平面上且垂直相交的,通过采用斜角度带压开孔定位技术,实现同一平面上支管与被开孔主管中心线斜交以及中心线互成空间异面直线的开孔,标志着石油化工管道不停输带压开孔技术水平又提高了一步。     

椭圆形管孔管板应力强度的有限元分析

为比较管板在不同形式管孔下的应力强度,分别在UG中建立了八分之一模型,即圆形开孔和椭圆形开孔的管板结构。在ANSYS中进行温度场和应力场的的分析。对计算结果进行分析,结果表明在本文计算工况下,圆形开孔的管板应力值与椭圆形开孔的管板应力值相比,其值很大且分布很不均匀,在管板中心布管区域的应力比较大,出现应力集中。而椭圆形开孔的管板,应力值普遍较低,应力的分布比较均匀。目前,所有的标准均是针对圆管的,这样的结果为工程实际应用提供了依据。     

偏心非均匀布管换热器结构应力分析

某项目中固定管板式换热器的管板仅局部偏心非均匀少量布管,未布管区域占比较大,且筒体中部有大开孔.本文采用ANSYS软件对该换热器结构进行建模,分析膨胀节、换热管的安全稳定性,对此类偏心非均匀布管换热器的设计提出合理建议.     

基于数值计算方法的换热器管板等效方法研究

换热器管板等效方法影响到管板受力变形计算的准确性。以管壳式换热器为例,分别建立了开孔管板结构、共用节点的实心管板结构和主从节点绑定的实心管板结构有限元模型。采用数值计算方法,对管板的应力和变形进行了分析。有限元计算结果表明:采用主从节点绑定的实心管板结构与开孔管板结构变形最大相对误差为8.4%、孔边应力相对误差超过60%,说明主从节点绑定的实心管板结构仅可准确描述管板的变形。通过对比分析主从节点绑定的实心管板结构与开孔管板结构开孔区域应力分布,得到开孔边缘的应力集中系数为约3,开孔中部的应力集中系数约为2。     

陶瓷膜过滤器管束末端板开孔数量对流场影响的数值模拟

使用Fluent软件，模拟陶瓷膜管管束末端板上是否开孔以及开孔数量对膜过滤器内流场的影响。结果表明：膜管管束末端板上开孔可以增加流体流动空间，使末端板上、下表面处的流动死区减小，流体流速更加均匀；随着开孔数量的增加，流体位于末端板周围的最大流动速度得到有效降低，膜过滤器进、出口压降降低，膜过滤器内部流场的流动阻力减小，当开孔数量为12个时，膜过滤器内的流动效果最佳。     

水平渐变管内油水两相流模拟研究

为优化油气集输管道局部管道结构,采用计算流体力学软件对水平渐变管内油水两相流进行数值模拟,对比不同含水率、不同入口流速条件下两相流流型,分析油水两相流在管道内的压力分布规律。结果表明,渐变管内油水两相流流型为水包油流型,管壁主要为油相润湿;渐缩管压力随流向位移持续下降,渐扩管先下降后上升再下降;整体压降速率与含水率成反比,与入口流速成正比。研究结果可以为优化稠油集输管网管道结构、降低管道流动能耗等油水混输问题提供参考。     

双螺旋电容传感器水平油水两相流液相持率测量特性(英文)

This paper presents the characteristics of a double helix capacitance sensor for measurement of the liquid holdup in horizontal oil–water two-phase flow. The finite element method is used to calculate the sensitivity field of the sensor in a pipe with 20 mm inner diameter and the effect of sensor geometry on the distribution of sensitivity field is presented. Then, a horizontal oil–water two-phase flow experiment is carried out to measure the response of the double helix capacitance sensor, in which a novel method is proposed to calibrate the liquid holdup based on three pairs of paral el-wire capacitance probes. The performance of the sensor is analyzed in terms of the flow structures detected by mini-conductance array probes.     

Study of the swirling flow field induced by guide vanes using electrical resistance tomography and numerical simulations

In this work, the swirling flow field induced by guide vanes was studied using electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and numerical simulations. The results show that the two-phase water and oil mixture moves in the same axial direction for this type of flow field, which is very unlike the flow behavior of a traditional hydrocyclone with a tangential inlet. In the pipe behind the guide vanes, the smallest axial velocity and tangential velocity are located at the center of the pipe. From the pipe center to the pipe wall, both pressure and velocity increase gradually. Downstream of guide vanes, the maximal oil volume fraction is observed at the center of the pipe. From the center of the pipe to the inner wall, the oil volume fraction gradually decreases. Moreover, ERT can precisely show the oil distribution in the pipe section. These studies prove the possibility of efficient oil and water mixture separation by guide vanes, and the results may be very important for guiding the optimal design of vane-type pipe separators.     

水平圆管内油水两相旋流分隔性能分析与评价

油水分离后的测量技术广泛应用于石油开发、污水处理及化学工程等领域.如何实现快速高效的油水分隔,是精密测量领域的关键技术之一.目前,油水分隔器的结构形式较为多样,有必要开展不同分隔器的性能对比和评价研究.采用粒子成像测速技术、分隔性能实验及数值模拟等方法,对三种不同结构水力旋流器的分隔性能进行对比分析,形成了一种用于水平...     

用于竖直油井测井的侵入式电阻层析成像图像重建(英文)

An invasive electrical resistance tomographic sensor was proposed for production logging in vertical oil well.The sensor consists of 24 electrodes that are fixed to the logging tool,which can move in the pipeline to acquire data on the conductivity distribution of oil/water mixture flow at different depths.A sensitivity-based algorithm was introduced to reconstruct the cross-sectional images.Analysis on the sensitivity of the sensor to the distribution of oil/water mixture flow was carried out to optimize the position of the imaging cross-section.The imaging results obtained using various boundary conditions at the pipe wall and the logging tool were compared.Eight typical models with various conductivity distributions were created and the measurement data were obtained by solving the forward problem of the sensor system.Image reconstruction was then implemented by using the simulation data for each model.Comparisons between the models and the reconstructed images show that the number and spatial distribution of the oil bubbles can be clearly identified.     

天然气水合物的生成对浆液流动稳定性影响综述

目前在海底混输管道的水合物风险控制策略中,允许水合物在管道内的生成,以液固浆液流动的形式对海底油气产物进行输送。其中主要通过控制浆液中水合物的生成量和聚集程度,来实现对海底集输管线的流动安全保障。液固浆液流动具有相当复杂的流动特性,固相颗粒的引入对于流体的流动特性影响很大。本文分别综述了拟单相流动体系和气液多相流动体系中水合物颗粒对于管输体系流动稳定性的影响以及水合物对混输管道堵管特性的影响。着重讨论了水合物在管道壁面的生长和沉积特性、水合物与气液流型的耦合关系以及不同体系中水合物的堵管机理。此外,对软件模拟在水合物生成及浆液流动特性研究中的应用做了简单介绍。最后,根据对相关研究结果的总结,指出水合物在壁面生长沉积的微观特性和定量表述、颗粒不同分散形式的临界流速、不同气液流型条件下的水合物生成特性和颗粒行为等是今后水合物相关研究中需要进一步深入探究和明确的问题。     

螺旋管内油水分离数值模拟

螺旋管具有结构简单等优点,在石油天然气领域获得了广泛的应用.因实验研究在对螺旋管的研究方面存在一定的缺陷,使数值研究方法开始应用于螺旋管的研究.利用CFD方法采用VOF模型对螺旋管内固定进口速度油水二相流进行数值模拟,得出螺旋管内流场特征:①靠近入口端水相分布较大,沿重力方向分布变化不大,峰值前后出现了油水再混合现象;...     

Drag reduction phenomenon in viscous oil‐water dispersed pipe flow: Experimental investigation and phenomenological modeling

An experimental study on drag‐reduction phenomenon in dispersed oil‐water flow has been performed in a 26‐mm‐i.d. Twelve meter long horizontal glass pipe. The flow was characterized using a novel wire‐mesh sensor based on capacitance measurements and high‐speed video recording. New two‐phase pressure gradient, volume fraction, and phase distribution data have been used in the analysis. Drag reduction and slip ratio were detected at oil volume fractions between 10 and 45% and high mixture Reynolds numbers, and with water as the dominant phase. Phase‐fraction distribution diagrams and cross‐sectional imaging of the flow suggested the presence of a higher amount of water near to the pipe wall. Based on that, a phenomenology for explaining drag reduction in dispersed flow in a flow situation where slip ratio is significant is proposed. A simple phenomenological model is developed and the agreement between model predictions and data, including data from the literature, is encouraging. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

稠油流动边界层水基泡沫减阻模拟

针对稠油水环输送的中心油流偏心问题,提出稠油流动边界层在AFS-2水基泡沫作用下的模拟实验方法,设计加工相应的管流模拟装置及泡沫发生、注入与泡沫层生成系统.用201甲基硅油模拟稠油,实验研究稠油在水基泡沫作用下的水平管流阻力特性,分析泡沫与硅油的流速与流量比对硅油流动流型和减阻效果的影响.基于上部泡沫-下部液膜复合边界层假设,建立硅油-泡沫-液膜中心环状水平管流的压降预测模型.结果表明:20℃室温下,当泡沫与硅油流量比为0.2～0.5时,硅油流动减阻率高于70%,其机理可归结为油壁间形成了上部泡沫-下部液膜的复合隔离润滑层;理论预测值与实验测量值吻合良好,相对误差为－17.55%～9.76%.     

Wax deposition modeling of oil/gas stratified smooth pipe flow

Wax deposition modeling is complicated under oil/gas two‐phase pipe flow and therefore remains poorly understood. One‐dimensional empirical heat and mass transfer correlations are unreliably for deposition modeling in stratified flow, due to non‐uniform deposit across the pipe circumference. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the deposit thickness and the wax fraction of deposit in oil/gas stratified pipe flow using a unidirectional flow analysis of non‐isothermal hydrodynamics and heat/mass transfer. The predictions for wax deposition are found to compare satisfactorily with experimental data with three different oils for single phase and oil/gas stratified pipe flow. In particular, the reason that the deposit forming a crescent shape at the cross section of pipe observed in different experiments is revealed, based on the non‐uniform circumferential distributions of two most important parameters for the wax deposition, diffusivity at oil–deposit interface, and the solubility gradient at the oil–deposit interface at different time. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2550–2562, 2016