LNG装车撬系统的国产化开发应用

随着LNG接收站和液化厂项目大规模建设,LNG装车系统是LNG接收站或液化站内的一个关键设备。在缺少相关标准的情况下,通过不同项目装车系统配置及操作方法等经验总结,对目前国内LNG槽车装车撬系统及国外装车撬使用情况进行分析和总结,供相关人员在LNG槽车装车系统设计和选型时参考。     

分布式光纤测温系统在LNG储罐承台温度监控的应用

以国内首次应用项目为案例,介绍分布式光纤测温系统(DTS)在LNG储罐承台温度监控应用的总体设计方案,包括一整套工程设计与施工方案,并开发了一套LNG储罐承台温度监控软件。最后分析了本方案的经济效益和社会效益。     

国内要闻

<正>中国石油和壳牌加强长期合作。4月8日,中国石油与壳牌签署全球合作协议,将加强非常规、深海、LNG、上下游等领域长期互利合作。4月8日,中国石油广西石化含硫原油加工配套工程全面建成暨400万吨/年渣油加氢脱硫装置中交仪式举行。4月8日,埃克森美孚天津润滑油调配厂扩能项目竣工投产。4月9日,中国民营企业恒逸石化150万吨PX项目正式落户文莱。4月9日,重庆市政府命名涪陵页岩气田中国石化焦页1HF井为"页岩气开发功勋井",彰显其为页岩气大规模开发利用所做出的突出贡献。4月11日,中国石油兰州石化分公司一条管     

“双碳”背景下LNG冷能利用技术前景分析

随着我国双碳目标规划和“十四五”现代能源体系规划要求，要想按计划完成目标，需通过多方面共同努力。从清洁能源中脱颖而出的冷能资源，逐渐在实现双碳中占了主导地位，走进了人们的生产生活。LNG冷能可应用于诸多场景，随着技术的不断发展，开发和利用LNG冷能利用技术，在当前阶段尤其重要，并会在双碳领域做出突出贡献。系统综述了LNG冷能利用技术现状，分析了冷能利用技术节能减排的作用和意义，对未来冷能利用技术研发方向和产业的发展提出了具体建议。     

浅谈LNG接收站及液化站的空压制氮工艺设计

根据LNG接收站及液化站对其配套空压制氮系统的特殊要求,提出空压制氮系统主要设备的选型及适用的工艺流程设计。     

接收站高压LNG管道系统氦检漏尝试

接收站高压LNG管道采用液压进行强度试验,并经吹扫干燥露点检测合格且系统复位后需根据规范要求进行系统的泄漏试验。采用惰性敏感气体氦气作为试验介质,利用氦气的高灵敏度检验高压管道系统可大大降低试验压力,从而降低高压LNG管道泄漏试验的危险性,保障装置的整体安全。     

新型LNG储罐测温系统的优化

通过分析天津LNG储罐新型测温系统近两年的实际生产数据,提出优化分布式光纤测温系统(DTS)的工程设计方案,如安装方式、固定方式、数据处理与界面显示等。在此基础上,提出在后续大型储罐中进一步开展珍珠岩沉降监测的实施方案,在提高LNG储罐配套监控水平的同时,为DTS在国内LNG领域的推广应用奠定基础。     

火电机组节能减排综合评价研究与系统开发

对火电机组节能减排水平的合理评价是实施节能调度的依据,同时考虑火电机组的供电煤耗和二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)排放因素,将污染物排放对环境的损耗折合成煤耗,提出一种综合供电煤耗指标来实现对机组节能减排的综合评价,并给出具体的计算流程。利用该指标对天津地区不同电厂的4台机组进行评价和对比,验证了该指标的合理性。基于B/S架构,开发了关于该指标的综合评价程序模块,应用于对天津地区并网机组的实际考核之中。     

轴流式止回阀在LNG接收站中的应用

简述了轴流式止回阀的结构、性能特点,根据LNG接收站的功能定位和各管路系统特点提出了轴流式止回阀的选择原则,以某工程案例为依据提出了LNG接收站应用于轴流式止回阀的位置组合,简述了应用于LNG接收站的轴流式止回阀的性能要求和国内外生产现状,提出了国产化的必要性。     

LNG工厂紧急停车系统的设计

本论文主要论述采用带预冷氮膨胀制冷液化流程的LNG工厂紧急停车系统的设计,研究了紧急停车系统在LNG液4~-z-）一中的应用及保护方案。     

A novel conceptual design by integrating NGL recovery and LNG regasification processes for maximum energy savings

Natural gas liquids (NGL) recovery from shale gas needs large amounts of cold energy for cooling, while liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification requires tremendous hot energy for heating. Thus, recycling the cold energy from LNG regasification process at a receiving terminal to assist the NGL recovery process has great economic benefits on both energy saving and high‐value product recovery. A novel conceptual design by integrating NGL recovery from shale gas and LNG regasification at receiving terminals has been developed. It first generates a process superstructure. Then, a simulation‐assisted mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed and solved for the optimal process synthesis. Next, heat exchange network (HEN) design and analysis are performed to accomplish the maximum energy‐saving target. Finally, rigorous plant‐wide simulations are conducted to validate the feasibility and capability of the entire conceptual design coupling of separation and heat integration. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4673–4685, 2013     

DYNAMIC SIMULATION FOR IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF BOIL-OFF GAS RECONDENSATION SYSTEM AT LNG RECEIVING TERMINALS

The boil-off gas (BOG) recondensation system is one of the most important facilities at liquefied natural gas (LNG) storing and receiving terminals, whose failure may cause BOG loss and/or severe accidents. Operation of a BOG recondensation system requires sufficient care under various situations, especially when LNG load and BOG load fluctuate. This study improves the control algorithm for a BOG recondensation system at an LNG receiving terminal and employs dynamic simulations to examine its operation reliability and energy minimization. Key system parameters, such as recondenser pressure, liquid level, and high-pressure pump suction pressure are tracked during simulation. On the basis of process dynamic simulation by use of DYNSIM and analysis of tracked key system parameters, the developed control algorithm is verified as reliable and is expected to be applied to other LNG terminals.     

Operational strategy to minimize operating costs in liquefied natural gas receiving terminals using dynamic simulation

Although the operation of an LNG receiving terminal, especially for LNG unloading process, is important in terms of economics and safety, the systematic approach for this process is deficient with regard to operating variables and inherent terminal characteristics. Because the characteristics of each LNG terminal vary according to its individual condition, it is worth to investigate the operational method manipulating operating variables to reduce operating costs regarding terminal characteristics. In this study, we perform a rigorous and extensive dynamic simulation of LNG unloading process to demonstrate the effects of terminal characteristics, including the total length of the pipeline, the number of storage tanks, the ambient temperature, and the operation cycle. Based on simulation results and cost analyses, we can suggest an operational strategy to minimize the operating cost in LNG receiving terminals.     

LNG接收站及其工艺发展现状

液化天然气(LNG)作为一种清洁能源在国际能源贸易中占有重要地位,而接收站是LNG的重要基础设施,对于促进LNG贸易具有关键作用。总结国内外LNG接收站发展及现状,比较LNG接收站的两种主要处理工艺及流程,分析现有LNG接收站工艺中能耗偏高、操作困难等问题及相关优化方案,并对我国LNG接收站技术研究中需要关注的几个方面提出建议。     

SCV耦合传热特性实验研究与数值模拟

浸没燃烧式汽化器（SCV）是液化天然气（LNG）接收站中一种必不可少的换热设备,主要通过水浴系统作为中间介质实现烟气与LNG之间的热量传递。搭建一套完整的SCV流动换热实验平台,对其内部复杂的传热特性进行研究。可视化实验结果揭示了汽化器内部一些独特的流体动力学现象（局部水浴结冰等）,同时通过建立的气液两相混合物与跨临界LNG耦合传热计算模型得到了换热管束内外局部流体温度和局部传热系数分布曲线,并分析了LNG进口压力、LNG入口速度、初始水位高度以及烟气进气量对NG出口温度和水浴温度的影响规律。研究成果能够为SCV国产化设计提供重要参考。     

液化天然气接收站供氮系统设计方案比选

介绍目前国内接收站中采用的两种供氮系统设计方案,在对比和分析后,提出采用液氮气化和现场制氮组合的供氮模式。     

基于液化天然气接收站的冷能发电简析

介绍了液化天然气（LNG）冷能发电技术国内外发展状况,对国内外LNG冷能发电工艺进行了分类与总结,结合我国LNG接收站的技术特点,探讨了LNG冷能发电项目的经济性,并对发展LNG冷能发电项目给出了意见与建议。     

我国液化天然气卫星站冷能利用潜力分析

介绍液化天然气（LNG）卫星站及国内LNG卫星站现状,对LNG卫星气化站所提供的冷能特点进行了简要地分析,并借鉴大型LNG接收站冷能利用方式,对卫星站冷能利用可开展的项目进行了分析比较,得出LNG卫星站冷能利用势在必行并提出了发展建议.     

LNG接收站腐蚀情况分析

我国LNG接收站大多位于沿海地带,长期处于高湿、高盐雾环境,按照ISO12944大气腐蚀环境分类属于C4或C5-M等级。随着LNG接收站运营年限延长,其腐蚀问题逐渐凸显。本文介绍了LNG接收站工艺、用材、运行介质、原有防腐措施等,在此基础上分析了LNG接收站常见腐蚀问题,并对其原因进行了分析,为LNG接收站新站防腐设计和运营维护工作提供参考。     

Current trends for the floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) technologies

Natural gas (NG) and liquefied NG (LNG), which is one trade type of NG, have attracted great attention because their use may alleviate rising concerns about environmental pollution produced by classical fossil fuels and nuclear power plants. However, when gas reserves are located in stranded areas and a portion of the offshore reserves is a significant amount of the total gas reserves, LNG is not suitable because (i) installation of pipelines for the transfer of NG to onshore LNG facilities is expensive and difficult, and (ii) it still has environmental and security problems. As a result, there are many efforts to excavate and monetize these stranded and offshore reserves with floating facilities where offshore liquefaction of NG is possible. Therefore, the development of floating LNG (FLNG) technology is becoming important. Although the FLNG technologies have advantages over conventional LNG technologies, there are still several roadblocks. To overcome the challenges, modular designs related to the main and typical stages of the FLNG process — gas pretreatment, liquefaction and regasification topsides, hulls, mooring, and transfer systems should be enhanced. Regarding FLNG ongoing operations and future plans, there are six nations (Argentina, Brazil, Kuwait, UAE, UK, and USA) operating FLNG, and a variety of FLNG liquefaction projects will be finished soon. Shell and Petrobras are making rapid strides to build FLNG facilities, and Flex LNG, Hoegh LNG, SBM Linde, MODEC, and Saipem are also building their FLNGs. In this review paper, we initially review the LNG concept and compare it with FLNG. In turn, new and typical FLNG technologies are introduced and the main challenges are also explained with insight into how these challenges are overcome. The main market drivers for FLNG industry are also considered.