铁碳微电解处理含食用油废水实验研究

研究了不同条件下铁碳微电解对食用油废水的处理效果。通过单因素条件试验研究Fe/C面积比、溶液中H_2O_2浓度、反应时间和pH值等操作条件对铁碳微电解处理食用油废水效果的影响,从而得到铁碳微电解处理食用油废水的最优条件及和各操作条件对处理效果的影响规律。结果表明:在所研究范围内,铁碳微电解处理食用油废水的最优条件:铁碳表面积比为2:750000,反应时间t为60min,溶液初始pH值为4,溶液初始H2O2浓度为5mg/L。在该最优条件下进行实验,所得COD去除率高达98%。研究结果表明铁碳微电解法能有效处理食用油废水。     

铟置换含铝废液制备聚合氯化铝的工艺和应用研究

以铟生产厂含Al2O3为3.69%的AlCl3废液为原料,采用直接中和法制备含钠的聚合氯化铝(PAC)溶液,研究了制备PAC的优化工艺条件、各因素对PAC性能和在处理蔗渣造纸中段废水时混凝效果的影响规律.结果表明,pH和熟化时间足主要影响因素,制备PAC时优化的工艺条件为:pH为3.0,反应温度为70℃,搅拌反应时间为...     

微电解处理酞菁绿废水中铜的研究

利用铁屑微电解法处理酞菁绿生产过程中高浓度的含铜废水,通过试验,考察了废水pH值、铁屑用量、铁屑粒径及反应时间等因素对铜去除率的影响。试验结果表明:在废水pH值为1.5、铁屑用量为1%、铁屑粒径为60目、反应时间为40min的条件下,铜的去除率可达99.9%左右,可使出水铜的质量浓度在1mg/L以下。     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理医药废水

通过二氧化氯催化氧化法处理医药苯酚废水氧化降解的实验研究,以废水COD变化作为评价氧化效率的重要指标,处理浓度为1 450mg/L的医药苯酚废液,考察了常压下,温度、溶液pH值、催化剂使用量、二氧化氯用量、氧化反应时间等因素对医药苯酚废水处理效果的影响.得到了二氧化氯处理医药苯酚废水适宜的反应条件:温度为室温条件;溶液pH值调整在5～8之间:催化剂使用量为2 g/100 mL废水;浓度为1.76%的稳定二氧化氯溶液5 mL:降解反应时间为1 h.最终降解率达到70%.     

膨润土结合PAM处理含镍废水的研究

对膨润土的用量、吸附时间、pH值等因素对去除镍离子效果的影响做了实验 ,找出了影响规律 ,初步探讨了其作用机理。并在此试验的基础上 ,选取pH值、膨润土的用量、PAM的用量三个因素做了三因素三水平的正交试验 ,找出了膨润土结合PAM处理含镍废水的最佳工艺为 pH 8.5 ,膨润土添加量 5 .0 g/L ,PAM用量 1.0mg/L     

复合型絮凝剂PAC-PAM处理含乳化油废水的试验研究

研究了不同条件下的聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂(PAC-PAM)对含乳化油废水的絮凝效果,并与使用单一絮凝剂的效果进行了对比。通过单因素条件试验研究pH值、PAC:PAM配比、溶液温度和沉降时间等操作条件对PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含油废水效果的影响,从而得到PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含油废水的最优条件及絮凝机理。结果表明:PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的最佳操作条件为:PAC为30mg/L、PAM为6mg/L、溶液温度40℃、溶液pH值为7和沉降时间30min。以COD去除率代表絮凝效果的好坏,最优条件下的COD去除率达到84.57%。复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的絮凝机理主要是:电中和破乳及高分子链的架桥综合作用。与使用单一絮凝剂PAC或PAM相比,PAC-PAM复合絮凝剂对含乳化油废水的絮凝效果更好。     

利用阴离子交换树脂处理模拟含铬废水的研究

以200 mL含Cr(Ⅵ)300mg·L<'-1>模拟废水作为试验液,采取单因素试验法研究用201×7阴离子交换树脂处理含铬废水,研究了在交换过程中不同的废水pH值、处理时间、树脂用量和废水的流量对处理效果的影响.得出静态交换的最佳工艺条件是:pH值为3～3.5,交换时间为3 h,树脂用量为2.5 g,固定废液初始浓度...     

超声波/双氧水提高克林霉素废水可生化性实验

采用超声波/双氧水联合处理克林霉素废水,以提高废水的可生化性.以好氧呼吸速率(OUR)为指标,通过正交实验考察了超声波功率、双氧水用量、废水初始pH值及反应时间对处理出水可生化性的影响,得出了上述因素的影响次序:双氧水用量＞超声波功率＞反应时间＞废水初始pH值.通过单因素实验得出最佳工艺条件为:双氧水投加量0.2 mL/L废水,超声波功率80W,反应时间30 min,初始pH值9.0.在此最佳工艺条件下,OUR=O.511mg/(g·min),相比于处理前OUR=0 ms/(g·min),废水的可生化性得到显著提高,有利于后续生物处理.     

米根霉菌吸附法去除电镀废水中的镍

采用从铀钨废水中提取出的一种米根霉菌(OR菌)吸附电镀废水中的镍,探讨了反应时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、溶液Ni2+初始浓度等对OR菌吸附Ni2+效果的影响。实验结果表明,在室温条件下,pH值对吸附效果的影响不明显,吸附剂用量和溶液Ni2+初始浓度对吸附效果的影响显著;在试验的温度范围内吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。     

氯化铝混凝处理含锌镉废水的研究

采用氯化铝对一种同时含Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的废水进行了实验条件下的混凝处理，讨论了在搅拌速度及反应温度不变的情况下，AlCl3用量、溶液pH值、混凝时间对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋除去效果的影响，找出了最佳处理条件。结果表明，用AlCl3处理该废水对Zn^2＋有很好的除去效果，对Cd^2＋有较好的除去效果；在室温下混凝处理该废水的最佳条件为：pH值为6或9，AlCl3用量为0.8g·L^-1，反应时间为30-40min。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.