甲醇汽油对发动机性能的影响

甲醇作为一种代用燃料,和汽油混合使用,人们对使用低比例甲醇燃料发动机的性能十分关注。汽车汽油发动机加入15%甲醇和85%汽油混合使用与加入100%汽油燃料分别经过300小时台架强化试验,测试发动机功率、扭矩及油耗率,得出使用15%甲醇和85%汽油混合燃料相对于100%汽油燃料仅是燃料消耗量高于汽油的9%。在汽油发动机中,直接使用15%甲醇和85%汽油混合燃料,除发动机经济性变差外,其他无变化或影响甚微。     

公交汽车CNG/汽油两用燃料发动机油行车试验研究

选用CNG/汽油两用燃料公交汽车进行实车试验,考察了研制的公交汽车CNG/汽油两用燃料发动机油的实际使用性能。试验结果表明,该油品具有良好的高温清净性、低温分散性,良好的抗氧化以及抗磨性能,可以满足公交汽车CNG/汽油两用燃料发动机油的使用性能要求。     

两用燃料发动机噪声源特性的试验研究

以一台车用4缸汽油压缩天然气(CNG)两用燃料发动机为研究对象进行噪声源识别,测试工况为怠速工况、最大转矩工况与最大功率工况。首先测试发动机的1 m声压级,定位噪声最大的端面为发动机前端,再使用基于波束形成技术的声阵列系统对发动机前端和进气侧进行分析,分析结果表明汽油与CNG燃料主要噪声频段均位于1 000~2 000 Hz,进而识别出主要噪声源为链壳,通过振动测试验证了噪声源,并对两种燃料的噪声源特点进行了比较。研究表明波束形成技术在噪声源识别中具有快捷、直观的优点;两用燃料发动机CNG燃料怠速噪声较汽油燃料各对应面大5~7 d B,250 Hz以下的燃烧噪声是主要成因。     

醇汽油混合燃料与车用汽油对发动机排放性能试验分析

介绍了不同醇汽油混合燃料和车用93号汽油对发动机CO、HC、NOX排放对比分析。基于发动机结构不作调整的条件下,在一台直列、水冷、四缸电控汽油机上进行试验。试验表明,发动机燃用醇类混合燃料时的NOX排放量,呈现混合燃料内醇类含量越高,NOX、CO和HC的排放浓度降低的趋势。     

燃料电池车燃料系统的关键技术

制约氢能燃料电池车发展的主要因素为氢燃料供给基础设施建设、氢燃料的车载存储技术、甲醇、汽油燃料制氢的重整技术等关键问题.     

发动机燃料润滑性的研究进展

为适应汽车排放对燃料品质提出的严格要求,研究提高燃料润滑性是当务之急,中报道了测试柴油,汽油润滑性的HFRR和SBOCLE方法,以及组成对燃料润滑性质的影响和规律。     

高组份含水甲醇汽油台架试验研究

通过台架试验将含水甲醇-汽油混合燃料（含水甲醇的体积分数分别为50%和60%,简称M50W、M60W）和93#汽油进行对比,研究了M50W、M60W燃料对汽油机动力性能、经济性能和排放性能的影响。试验研究表明,该台架上燃用M50W、M60W混合燃料对汽油机动力性影响不大,但汽油机有效热效率和燃油经济性提高,排温有所降低;CO排放减少,HC排放基本保持不变,NOx排放与燃用93#汽油相比有上升。     

中科院自动化所汽油在线调和技术将用于燕山石化

中国石化燕山石化公司正同中科院自动化所合作,增设汽油在线调和装置。据了解,该项目投用后,不仅可提高Ⅳ排放标准汽油的产量,保证北京奥运会对低硫清洁燃料的需求,而且有利于降低燕山石化汽油生产调和成本。     

国内工艺简讯

甲醇汽油混合作汽车燃料新华化工厂运输科进行大量的试验,解决了甲醇汽油溶液中出现分层现象,用于汽车作燃料,经过近六千公里(不同路面)满载运行证明,现所有汽车只要做简单调整,都可以根据气温变化,用10～60％     

低碳燃料标准制定全面启动

两项＂低碳燃料＂国标草稿预计8月前报批 低碳燃料一般指与传统化石燃料（如柴油、汽油、航空煤油）相比,单位能量能源具有更低的碳强度（或者说温室气体排放强度）,这种比较是建立在燃料生命周期评价的基础上。     

The Lubricity of Gasoline

A study has been made of the lubricating properties of gasoline fuel. A conventional HFRR diesel fuel lubricity tester has been modified to measure gasoline wear. Using this test equipment, a number of features of gasoline lubricity have been investigated, including the comparative lubricating behavior of gasoline, the influence of detergent additives and oxygenates on wear and the wear behavior of a series of refinery streams employed in gasoline blending.

The lubricity of a range of pure organic chemicals known to be present in gasoline has also been studied. From these measurements it has been shown that, except for components such as dienes and diaromatics, the HFRR lubricating properties of most gasoline hydrocarbon constituents are broadly independent of chemical structure bur depend significantly on viscosity. Using these measurements, predictive wear equations based on gasoline group analysis have been developed.

Because it has been found that viscosity plays a role in determining the wear properties of gasoline, the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film-forming and friction properties of gasoline have been measured and compared to those of diesel fuels. This shows that the combination of gasoline's very low viscosity and low pressure-viscosity coefficient results in very thin EHD film thickness generation and also very low friction in full-film EHD conditions.     

某汽油机VVT系统的优化设计

发动机可变气门正时技术(VVT,Variable Valve Timing)至今已经有30余年的历史,由于其省油、功升比大等优点,近年来得到了广泛的运用。针对在汽油发动机台架试验运行过程中,某汽油机VVT工作异常进行阐述,对该故障进行分析。通过对VVT系统的优化设计及相关的试验验证,从而有效地解决了故障问题。     

A study on the deposit formation in the cylinder and intake valve of a S. I. Engine

A spark ignition engine with port fuel injection (P.F.I.) system was used to accumulate cylinder head deposit (C.H.D.), intake valve deposit (I.V.D.), and piston top deposit (P.T.D.) on an engine dynamometer. In this study, the effect of base gasoline on I.V.D. was examined. The deposit forming tendency and the influence of the fuel component for decreasing deposits have been experimentally examined. The amount of I.V.D. has been observed to increase linearly with the engine operating time. It is also observed that the amount of valve deposit with newly blended gasoline is less than that with base gasoline.     

LJ465Q-2AE1汽油机满足欧Ⅲ排放标准的研究

LJ465Q-2AE1发动机是新研制开发达到欧Ⅲ排放要求的汽油机,它具有结构紧凑、升功率大、油耗低、转速高、噪声小等特点。笔者介绍了如何对该汽油机的燃烧系统、进气系统、点火系统及排气催化转化系统进行的优化设计。     

A new engine oil optimised for ecologically sensitive operational areas

In recent years, environmental awareness and legislation have focused public attention on vehicle emissions. Consequently, more research has been devoted to emissions and pollution by lubricants. A number of studies has been carried out to understand lubricant-related emissions and leak rates as well as the effects on fuel economy of using low viscosity grades of lubricant. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop for use in gasoline and diesel engines a crankcase lubricant which contained improved performance in engine cleanliness with fuel economy and a low rate of particle emissions. Emphasis was placed on low toxicology and rapid biodegradability because of the risk of unintentional emissions. Such a sophisticated lubricant is desirable not only for normal road vehicles but also and especially for use in ecologically sensitive areas. During the development of this lubricant, numerous laboratory tests were performed. In order to assess the quality and the fuel economy of the new lubricant, tests were carried out on an engine test rig and on a vehicle test bench. Field tests were run with various vehicles and stationary engines, using different fuel types. Unleaded gasoline, diesel fuels with a varying sulphur content, and rape seed oil methyl ester (RME) were used. This paper summarises the results of this investigation.     

一种油耗仪溢油问题的解决方法

发动机试验是验证发动机性能、品质及结构最基本的试验,针对在汽油发动机台架试验运行过程中,某发动机台架油耗仪经常出现溢油故障进行阐述,对该故障进行分析,并对现有供油管路系统进行改造,加装自动断油系统,从而有效地解决了油耗仪溢油故障。     

汽油清净剂性能评定解析

介绍了评价汽油清净剂性能的２种试验方法———模拟进气阀沉积物试验（Ｌ ２） 和燃油喷嘴堵塞（ＰＦＩ） 试验;通过Ｌ ２模拟进气阀试验给出常用的聚异丁烯胺和曼尼奇碱两大类清净剂的大致图谱;分析模拟进气阀试验（Ｌ ２）与台架试验（Ｍ１１１） 以及喷嘴堵塞试验（ＰＦＩ）的关联性。汽油中烯烃含量的增加,能导致Ｌ ２试验沉积物的增多,模拟进气阀试验（Ｌ ２） 与台架试验（Ｍ１１１）以及喷嘴堵塞试验（ＰＦＩ） 有一定的关联性。     

拉曼光谱技术在石油化工领域应用进展

拉曼散射是物质一种分子光谱,可以获取物质结构和官能团信息,已经用于物质的定性分析。本文就拉曼光谱技术在石油化工行业的应用进行简述。结合化学计量学,拉曼光谱技术已经用于石油产品组成分析、燃料（汽油、柴油、航煤和生物柴油）质量指标测定、输油管线油品监控以及化工产品和石油产品在线监控等领域。拉曼光谱技术具有结果准确、分析速度快、操作简单、不破坏样品、多参数、便携以及可现场分析等优点,将在石油化工领域得到进一步推广应用。     

小型通用汽油机燃用甲醇/汽油排放研究

在168F通用小型汽油机上,按照EPA制定的排放法规中的6工况方法,测量了燃用汽油与甲醇汽油混合燃料M15、M25的HC、NOx、CO常规排放和甲醛、乙醛非常规排放污染物随负荷的变化规律。结果表明:甲醇作为一种含氧燃料,其低热值及高汽化潜热使得HC、CO排放量会随着甲醇掺入量的增加而降低,NOx排放量则随着甲醇掺入量的增加而增加;甲醛、乙醛的排放量均随甲醇掺入量的增加而降低。汽油机能耗率随着甲醇掺入量的增加而降低。     

Quantification of anhydrous ethanol and detection of adulterants in commercial Brazilian gasoline by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy can be used to evaluate the quality of fuels in a remote, rapid, and nondestructive manner without the need for reagents. In this study, Raman was used to quantify anhydrous ethanol in commercial gasoline and to detect peaks due to compounds commonly used for the adulteration of commercial gasoline. Samples of commercial gasoline were collected from fuel stations in the region of Santos, SP, Brazil. Samples of naphtha from the refinery, pure ethanol, and ethanol diluted in distilled water at concentrations close to the range used in the gasoline were also obtained and characterized. Raman spectra were collected using a dispersive Raman spectrometer (830?nm, 2?cm^?1 resolution in the 400–1800?cm^?1 spectral range). As expected, the spectra of commercial gasoline showed pronounced peaks of naphtha and ethanol. By using the peak intensities of the ethanol diluted in water, the ethanol concentration was found to be in the range of 27%?±?1% in most of the samples; some samples presented ethanol concentrations as high as 28.8%, suggesting adulteration. Some samples presented peaks at 766, 798, and 995?cm^?1 with higher intensities, suggesting the presence of an adulterant with organic characteristics, such as solvents with aromatic rings. Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be effective in determining the adulteration of commercial gasoline, which may contribute to rapid quality control of fuels at the point of sale.