气雾化低钴贮氢AB_5型合金的电化学性能和Rietveld分析

用快速凝固气体雾化法制备了低钴系列贮氢合金MlNi4 .3 -xCoxMn0 .4 Al0 .3 (x =0 75 ,0 45 ,0 2 9,0 1,Ml为富镧混合稀土 )并测试其电化学性能。气雾化法可显著提高贮氢合金电极的充 放电循环稳定性 ,x =0 45时合金的循环寿命与商用铸态合金的寿命相当。最大放电容量随着Co含量的增加 ,先增大后减小 ,在x=0 2 9时出现极大值 (30 4 4mAh/g)。结合循环寿命和最大放电容量两个性能指标 ,x =0 45时的合金具有良好的综合电化学性能。采用Rietveld法 (多晶衍射图形拟合法 )对其精细结构进行分析 ,合金仍保持母合金LaNi5的CaCu5型六方晶系结构 ,合金的晶胞体积对其循环寿命和最大放电容量起决定作用     

La3+掺杂对LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2结构和电化学性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备添加了La3+的LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂正极材料, 通过XPS、X射线分析仪、扫描电镜、电化学工作站、电池充放电测试系统详细地探讨了不同添加量的La3+对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果显示, 与无添加的LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂正极材料比较, 添加了La3+的材料一次颗粒尺寸更大, 球形度更好且材料的电极R_sf+R_ct阻抗均显示有所降低; 当添加x=0.01时, 材料的大电流循环稳定性得到了较大提升, 1 C条件下经过100次循环后, 添加La3+材料容量保持率为75.81 %, 而未添加材料容量保持率只有49.57 %; 添加了La3+材料制得的电池在0.5、1、5 C倍率下的放电比容量也要明显高于无添加材料。      

正极材料LiNi0.8Mn0.2O2前驱体合成工艺的探究

成本低、性能稳定的无钴镍锰正极材料是目前的研究热点。采用共沉淀法制备Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂前驱体, 用氨水作为络合剂, 探究了NH₃浓度对前驱体Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂共沉淀的晶粒生长和形貌的影响, 以及对锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_0.8Mn_0.2O₂的晶体结构和电化学性能的影响。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、循环伏安测试、交流阻抗和电池充放电测试系统表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。表征结果显示, 在0.1 C, 2.5~4.2 V化成条件下, 初始放电比容量为167 mAh/g, 充放电效率为96%。当氨水用量为45 mL时, 样品具有较优的循环性能, 在1 C倍率下, 2.5~4.2 V的电压测试范围内, 循环100次后, 放电比容量为139 mAh/g, 容量保持率为93.9%。在低倍率充放电条件下样品具有明显优于其他材料的电化学性能。      

单晶LiNi0.83Co0.1Mn0.07O2正极材料的合成及电化学性能

采用共沉淀-高温固相法合成单晶LiNi_0.83Co_0.1Mn_0.07O₂正极材料。采用XRD,SEM和恒流充放电等测试手段对材料的晶体结构、形貌和电化学性能等进行研究。测试结果表明,材料形成形貌良好的单晶颗粒,Li+/Ni2+离子混排程度较低,材料具有良好的a-NaFeO₂层状结构。在2.75~4.3 V下,扣式电池0.1 C首次放电比容量达209.63 mAh/g,库仑效率为91.19%,0.2 C循环100次后容量保持率为100.09%。      

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Y-doped Li3V2（PO4）3 cathode materials for lithium batteries

Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were prepared by a carbothermal reduction(CTR) process. The properties of the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. XRD studies showed that the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 had the same monoclinic structure as the undoped Li3V2(PO4)3. The Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples were investigated on the Li extraction/insertion performances through charge/discharge, cyclic voltammogram (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The optimal doping content of Y was x=0.03 in Li3V2-xYx(PO4)3 system. The Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 samples showed a better cyclic ability. The electrode reaction reversibility was enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance was decreased through the Y-doping. The improved electrochemical performances of the Y-doped Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode materials were attributed to the addition of Y3+ ion by stabilizing the monoclinic structure.     

钠源对正极材料Na3V2（PO4）3性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶-高温固相法,用不同的钠源制备NASICON结构钠离子电池正极材料Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃.借助扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线衍射分析（XRD）,电池测试系统及电化学工作站对制备的Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃结构,形貌,电性能和内阻进行表征.研究结果表明,以Na₂CO₃为钠源合成Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃有更好的颗粒尺寸,形貌结构完整,充放电性能及循环稳定性更好,阻抗也较小;在2.5~4.0 V电压范围内,以0.2 C进行充放电,首次放电比容量达到110.8 mAh/g,50次循环后容量保持率为85.1 %.      

Influence of lanthanum doping on performance of LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Using solid-state synthesis method,a series of samples of lanthanum doped Li1-xLaxFePO4(x=0.0025,0.005,0.0075,0.01) were prepared.Each cathode structural and electrochemical properties were investigated using X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and charge/discharge cycling.Nanopowders material with single-phase could be obtained.The reversible capacity could be drastically improved by the introduction of La.The optimum cells with Li0.99La0....     

静电纺丝法制备空心钛酸锂材料

为进一步提升钛酸锂材料的性能, 本文在传统静电纺丝技术的基础上, 将纺丝喷头改进成内外嵌套的同轴喷头, 以两种溶液的形式进行同轴共纺, 得到了具有空心结构的钛酸锂纤维丝.将其与传统静电纺丝法制备的实心结构钛酸锂纤维丝进行对比, 结果表明: 空心钛酸锂材料粒度均一、无团聚现象, 材料具有明显的空心结构, 结晶性能良好, 比表面积是实心结构的1.3倍.形貌结构的改善极大地提高了空心钛酸锂材料的电化学性能, 表现为小倍率下二者的放电比容量接近理论比容量, 但在20C倍率下空心结构的钛酸锂材料优于实心钛酸锂, 仍可达到130 mA·h·g-1, 循环200周后容量保持率仍达98%, 具有良好的稳定性; 循环伏安和交流阻抗曲线也表明: 空心结构使得钛酸锂材料的极化程度减少, 电化学反应阻抗降低, 更有利于电化学反应的进行.      

Phase Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Rare Earth Based Hydrogen Storage Alloys

The rare earth based hydrogen storage alloys MmxM1 1 - x ( Ni3.55 Co0.75 Mn0.4 A10.3 ) ( x = 0 ～ 0.5 ) were investigated in this work.Adjusted Ml: Mm ratio to change the content of La,Ce,Pr and Nd in the alloys and then to change the phase structure, the influences of phase structure on the electrochemical properties were analyzed.The results indicate that the main phase of all alloys is LaNi5 with CaCu5 type structure and the crystal lattices constants of LaNi5 are changed with increasing x value, i.e, decreased a-axis, increased c-axis and axis ratio and nonlinear decreased crystal volume.The crystal volume of the alloy with x = 0.3 is larger than others.There is second phase A1LaNi4 in alloys when x≥0.3, which decrease the discharge capacity, but increase the cycling stability and high rate discharge ability.Compared comprehensively, the alloy with x = 0.3 shows the higher discharge capacity and the better cycling stability.     

高温球磨烧结合成LiCoxMn2-xO4

采用液相法合成前驱体，并通过高温球磨烧结法合成了LiCoxMn2-xO4正极材料。考察Co掺杂量对材料的相结构、形貌、电化学性能的影响。结果表明，Co掺杂后材料的首次放电比容量随着Co掺杂量的增大逐渐减小，而循环性能较好。其中LiCo0.05Mn1.95O4的首次放电比容量达到119.0 mAh/g，在不同倍率下循环100次后的容量保持率为92.52%，表现出很好的电化学可逆性和循环稳定性。     

Effect of cobalt content on electrochemical performance of La-Mg-Ni system （Ce2Ni7-type） electrode alloys

In order to improve the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system （Ce2Ni7-type） alloy electrode, small amount of Co was added in La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5 alloy. The effect of Co on electrochemical performance and microstructure of the alloys were investigated in detail. XRD results showed that the alloys had multiphase structure composed of （La, Mg）2Ni7, LaNi5 and small amount of LaNi2 phases. The discharge capacity of the alloys first increased and then decreased with increasing Co content. At a discharge current density of 900 mA/g, the HRD of the alloy electrodes increased from 81.3% （x=0） to 89.2 % （x=0.2）, and then reduced to 87.8 % （x=0.6）. After 60 charge/discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate of the alloys enhanced from 52.67% to 61.32%, and the capacity decay rate of the alloys decreased from 2.60 to 2.05 mAh/g per cycle with increasing Co content. The obtained results by XPS and XRD showed that the fundamental reasons for the capacity decay of the La-Mg-Ni system （Ce2Ni7-type） alloy electrodes were corrosion and oxidation as well as passivation of Mg and Lain alkaline solution.     

碳源对Li3V2(PO4)3正极材料性能的影响

采用高温碳热还原法在惰性气氛下合成单斜晶型Li3V2(PO4)3正极材料,考察活性炭、蔗糖和酚醛树脂等不同碳源对目标材料性能的影响。采用XRD、FE-SEM和电化学测试等手段对目标材料进行结构表征和性能测试。结果显示,以酚醛树脂作为碳源的正极材料具有优良的电化学性能,首次放电比容量达138 mA.h/g,到第10次循环容量降至122.9 mA.h/g。酚醛树脂作碳源能在加热的过程中固化交联成三维的网状结构,极有效地限制了粒子的进一步长大,材料粒径最小。     

固相烧结辅助高温球磨合成LiNi_xMn_(2-x)O_4

以氢氧化锂、硝酸镍、二氧化锰为原料,用固相烧结辅助高温球磨方法,合成了具有Ni掺杂的LiMn_2O_4正极材料。研究了Ni在不同掺杂量时对材料的相结构、形貌和充放电性能的影响,并与未掺杂Ni的LiMn_2O_4进行对比。结果表明,掺Ni后材料的放电比容量随着掺杂量的增大逐渐减小,而材料的容量保持率相比未掺杂时略有提高;当掺杂量x=0.05时,所得产物的充放电性能最佳,首次放电容量达到122.9mAh/g,充放电容量保持率在40次循环后为97.48%。     

Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloys synthesized by mechanical milling

The substituting Mg with Ni and milling as-cast alloy with Ni were adopted to obtain nanocrystalline/amorphous CeMgnNi+x wt.%Ni(x=100,200) alloys and promote the electrochemical hydrogen storage performances of CeMg_(12)-type alloys.Analyzing the structural features of the alloys provided a mechanism for ameliorating the electrochemical hydrogen storage properties.The electrochemical tests demonstrated that all the alloys just needed one cycle to be activated.Rising Ni proportion had an obvious role on charge-discharge reaction.The discharge capacities of the as-milled(60 h) alloys increased sharply from 182.0 mAh/gfor x=100 alloy to 1010.2 mAh/gfor x=200 alloy at current density of 60 mAh/g.Furthermore,milling time largely determined the performances of electrochemical reaction.The discharge capacity continued to grow along with prolonging milling time,while the cycle stability obviously decreased for x=100 alloy,and first declined and then augmented for the x=200 alloy with milling time extending.In addition,there was an optimal value with milling time varying for the high rate discharge abilities(HRD),which was 80.3%for x=100 alloys and 86.73%for x=200,respectively.     

尖晶石材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的研究进展

阐述了尖晶石材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的晶体结构及其主要制备方法,介绍了纳米合成、元素掺杂、表面修饰等提高材料充放电倍率及改进其电化学性能的研究成果,并展望了该材料在未来先进锂离子电池中的应用前景。     

La0.8Mg0.2(Ni2.7Co0.6Al0.1Mn0.1)x贮氢合金的电化学性能分析

采用恒电位法、EIS分析及双电极系统对La0.8Mg0.2(Ni2.7Co0.6Al0.1Mn0.1)x(x=0.9～1.10)系列合金进行电化学性能分析。结果表明,x=1.05的合金具有较好的自放电性能(CR=97.3%),而x=1.10的合金有较高的电化学容量(369 mAh.g-1)。合金电极的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)表明,随着化学计量比x的增大,合金电极的电荷迁移电阻先减小后增大,动力学性能先增强后减弱。线性极化测试表明,随着化学计量比x的增大,合金电极表面的电化学反应速率先增大后减小。通过合金电极阳极电流对时间响应的半对数曲线计算的氢扩散系数D随着化学计量比x的增大先增大后降低,说明合金内部的氢扩散能力先增强后降低。     

Influence of magnesium content on structure and electrochemical properties of La_(1-x)Mg_xNi_(1.75)Co_(2.05) hydrogen storage alloys

La_(1-x)Mg_xNi_(1.75)Co_(2.05)(x=0.07, 0.08, 0.10, 0.13, 0.15) alloys were prepared by high-frequency inductive method, and then their structure and electrochemical properties were investigated systematically. The XRD analysis revealed that the alloys consisted of LaNi_5 phase and La_4MgNi_(19)(Ce_5Co_(19) + Pr_5Co_(19)) phase, and the introduction of Mg could promote the formation of La_4MgNi_(19) phase. The observation of microstructure showed that all the alloys processed dendritic structure, which was refined with the increase of x value. The electrochemical measurements showed that all the alloys could be activated within 2 cycles, and with increasing x, the maximum discharge capacity obviously increased from 254.00 m Ah/g(x=0.07) to 351.51 mAh/g(x=0.15), but the cycling stability(S_(80)) decreased somehow from 78.4% to 73.9%. Meanwhile, the appropriate addition of Mg could improve the high-rate discharge capacity(HRD) of the alloy electrodes, which was mainly controlled by the electrochemical reaction rate on the surface of the alloys.     

Influence of Sc3+ on LiMn2O4 cathode materials at elevated temperature

Sc3 -doped lithium manganese oxides were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The influences of doping element on structure,mean valence of manganese, and electrochemical performances were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic charge-discharge and cyclic voltammetric tests, and also electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD tests showed that doped lithium manganese oxides were pure spinel structure without other phases. Redox titration and visible spectrophotometry tests indicated that the mean valence of man-ganese in doped lithium manganese oxides was higher than that of pure one. LiSc0.02Mn1.98O4 remained 92.9% of the initial specific discharge capacity after 50th cycle at a constant current of 50 m/g, and the reversibility of LiSc0.02Mn1.98O4 was improved in comparison with pure LiMn2O4 at 50 ℃. EIS indicated that film deposition on spinel particles was suppressed because of Sc3 doping, and the charge transfer be-tween the surface film and spinel particles with increasing temperature for Sc3 -doped materials became easier as compared with undoped one.     

石墨烯的制备及其超级电容性能

以鳞片石墨为原料,采用化学氧化还原法制备了高品质的石墨烯.借助X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察、氮气吸附-脱附实验、恒流充放电实验、循环伏安法和交流阻抗谱技术对石墨烯的结构、形貌、表面性能和超级电容性能进行了系统研究.X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜结果表明,石墨烯整体上呈现无序结构,外观具有蓬松、透明的薄纱状及本征性皱褶,其BET比表面积为14.2m2·g-1,总孔容为0.06cm3·g-1,平均孔径为17.3nm.交流阻抗谱测试结果表明,石墨烯电极具有较小的阻抗,其等效串联电阻为0.16 Ω,电荷传递电阻为0.55 Ω.恒流充放电和循环伏安测试结果显示:石墨烯电极具有良好的功率特性和循环稳定性,电容特征显著.在2、5、10和20mV·s-1扫描速度下的放电比电容分别为123、113、101和89 F·g-1;即使是50mV·s-1的高扫速,放电比电容仍可达69F·g-1.      

碳包覆硒化锌用作高性能锂离子电池负极材料

石墨是当前锂离子电池的主流商用电极材料,然而受限于电化学储锂机理原因,其理论比容量偏低。因此,寻找高比容量负极材料的课题受到研究人员的广泛关注。本文以蔗糖为碳源,使用水热法制备了碳包覆 ZnSe,并探究了其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）以及X射线衍射（XRD）等系统研究了材料的形貌、结构和组分等。结果表明,碳材料的引入,并未改变ZnSe的晶体结构。为了探究其电化学储锂特性,以金属Li作为对电极组装了锂离子电池半电池,并利用循环伏安法、恒流充放电等方法对其性能进行了评估。结果表明,相比目前常用的聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）黏结剂,使用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）作黏结剂,碳包覆ZnSe样品表现出更为优异的循环稳定性和更高的比容量。此外,相比纯ZnSe,碳包覆之后其锂离子电池储能特性得到了极大提升,在0.1 A/g电流密度下,经过 50次循环,在最优碳包覆含量下,其比容量由 228.8 mAh/g提升至 545.0 mAh/g;即使在 1 A/g电流密度下循环 500圈, 其比容量依旧保持在500 mAh/g以上。