Untersuchungen über den Einsatz von Rapsextraktionsschrot (Erglu) bei Schweinen

Studies on the Use of Extracted Rapeseed Meal (Erglu) in Feeding Pigs Extracted rapeseed meal of the Erglu variety (low in erucic acid and glucosinolate content) was evaluated as protein feedstuff in growing pigs. In a starting ration (step 0) containing soybean (18%) and barley (72%) the extracted soybean meal was successively exchanged by an equivalent amount of protein from extracted rapeseed meal up to a level of rapeseed meal (24.6%) and barley (65.4%) (step 6). Growth was similar in all experimental groups. However, feed consumption and feed requirement increased with increasing proportions of rapeseed owing to lower content of utilizable energy in extracted rapeseed meal. No effect due to feeding was found with regard to quality of the slaughtered meat, whereas a linear increase in the size of liver and thyroid was found with increasing proportions of rapeseed in the ration.     

Einsatz tomographischer Meßverfahren für verfahrenstechnische Untersuchungen

Use of tomographic measuring techniques for process engineering studies . Tomographic measuring techniques have so far been employed almost exclusively in medicine and for testing of materials. They permit determination of experimental values for all local coordinates of a given volume at a given time. Classical tomography can be used for measurements only in stationary fields of flow, temperature, and concentration since the object has to be irradiated from as many directions as possible during a finite time interval. In the case of transient events, however, it is necessary to acquire all these values at the same point in time. If transparent fluids are present then coherent light is suitable for irradiation and holographic interferometry for recording the measured values. Since irradiation must take place simultaneously from several directions, the number of recording angles should be kept to a minimum. It is also necessary to employ mathematical procedures for image reconstruction in order to ensure adequate accuracy of the measured values.     

Untersuchungen zu Mesityldimethylhalogensilanen als Schutzgruppenreagenzien für Alkohole

Investigation on Mesityldimethylhalosilanes as Protectiv Reagents for Alcohols The use of mesityldimethylhalosilanes as protecting reagents for steroid alcohols was investigated. The resistance of the obtained silyl ethers was tested in various media. The reaction pathway of the acidic hydrolyses of the silyl ethers is explained.     

Untersuchungen über die Eignung von Leindotterpreßkuchen als Futtermittel 1. Mitteilung: Futterwert und Einsatzgrenzen bei der Fütterung von Schweinen

Studies on the suitability of false flax expeller as feedstuff. 1st Communication: Feeding value and incorporation limits for pigs. To evaluate the feeding value of false flax expeller (FFE) for pigs, nutrients (crude nutrients, amino acids and fatty acids) were analyzed and their digestibility was determined with 6 growing pigs, by means of difference technique. Additionally, a feeding trial followed by slaughter investigations was performed with a total of 60 pigs (25–120 kg liveweight) to study the influence of increasing levels of FFE in diet (0%, 5%, 10%) on growth rate, slaughter performance and meat quality. The FFE used in these experiments was found to have 287 g digestible crude protein and 13.9 MJ ME per kg dry matter. Results of the feeding trial show depression of growth rate, when the percentage of FFE exceeds 5% in diets. Average daily liveweight gain decreased from 758 g (controls) to 725 g (10% FFE) and costs of metabolizable energy increased from 38.9 MJ to 39.7 MJ per kg live-weight gain. Additionally, metabolic burdens, indicated as increased liverweights, up to 16% were observed. Due to the high polyenic fatty acid contents of FFE oil consistancy of carcass fat deteriorated with increasing FFE consumption. The percentage of polyenic fatty acids in total fatty acids of back fat increased from 11.5% (controls) to 14.7% (10% FFE). The taste of meat was negatively influenced as well. The percentage of meat samples tasting atypically increased from 3% (controls) to 18% (5% FFE) and to 36% (10% FFE).     

Eine Studie über den Pyrolysevorgang bei organischen Bindemittelsubstanzen für die Herstellung von Kohlenstoffmaterialien

Pyrolysis behaviour and coke characteristics of different precursors for carbon processing: thermosetting resins (resol, novolak), hydrolytic lignin, pitch, tar as well as their blends were studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The blends novolak-pitch, resol-tar and resol-hydrolytic lignin show a higher coke yield after carbonisation up to 1000°C compared to the corresponding individual substances. A good correlation between the integral procedural decomposition temperature T of the investigated precursors and their coke yield is found.     

Untersuchungen über den schmelzspinnprozeß und die fadenbildung bei polyamid 6

Results of physico-chemical and technological investigations of melt spinning and fibre formation of polyamide 6 (PA 6) are presented. The experiments were carried out under corresponding optimum process conditions. Hereby, among others, the effects of spinning velocity (up to 2,500 m/min), spinning temperatures (235–300°C), extrusion conditions, dimensions of spinnerets, spinning preparation and time of storage were studied with regard to filament formation, drawing and properties of PA 6-fibres. Furthermore, the fibre formation in the blowing shaft was investigated in dependence of the distance from the spinneret as well as the spinning velocity. Memory effects were observed. On the basis of a perturbation theory the optimation of the melt spinning of PA 6 and its effects with regard to fibre properties are discussed. During spinning there occurs within a very short time(approximately 0.1 sec)a continuous conversion of PA 6 from the liquid melt, over the viscoelastic on to the solid state in form of a thread. For theoretical interpretation the experimental results are related to the semicrystalline supermolecular structure of kinks and chain folding of PA 6. Finally, the main features of a dynamic theory of melt spinning of PA 6 are developed.     

Untersuchungen über den Pestizidgehalt in Nahrungsmittelfetten und -ölen

Examination on the Pesticide Content of Nutritional Fats and Oils Chlorinated hydrocarbons are due to their lipophilic properties accumulated in fat containing food. Traces of chlorinated compounds, used as pesticides or of PCBs, which are similar in structure, have been found in trace amounts in all kinds of fat of animal as well as vegetable origin. Raffination process decontaminates oils and fats to a great extent. Oil and fat of animal original contains more chlorinated pesticides than that of vegetable origin. Oil made from pumpkin kernels, which is produced in Styria/Austria and will not be refined, contains somewhat higher traces of chlorinated compounds. Aldrin and dieldrin content on basis of kernels is in some cases higher than tolerated by legislation in Austria.     

Untersuchungen über den Einfluß langkettiger fettsaurer Salze auf Erythrozyten

Investigations on the Influence of Long Chain Fatty Acid Salts on Erythrocytes Sodium oleate and oleic acid have specific morphological and functional action on human erythrocytes in vitro. An increase in the concentration of these substances in blood alters reversibly the shape of the erythrocytes into a thornapple form and leads to inhibition of the rate of disappearance of blood particles and furthermore to reduction of structural viscosity of the blood. At concentrations up to 45 mg%, the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes is improved. Haemolysis occurs only at high concentrations of sodium oleate in blood.