Distribution Characteristics and Reinforcing Behavior of (Ti,Nb)C Reinforced Particle in the Coating Fabricated by Laser Rapid Cladding

(Ti,Nb)C reinforced Fe-based laser coatings were prepared with normal and high scanning velocities of the laser beam.The distribution characteristics of reinforced particles in the coatings were investigated.The mechanical properties of coatings were tested.The results showed that the morphologies of the microstructure and the reinforced particle changed dramatically at high solidification rate due to rapid laser processing compared with that prepared by normal processing.Two kinds of particles were observed in the coating.One was(Ti,Nb)C multiple carbide particle with the size of micron and sub-micron scales,in which a mass of dislocations were found.Another was nano-sized particle includingα-Fe and(Ti,Nb)C obtained by rapid solidification.The microstructure of the coatings was highly refined and a large number of twin crystals were found in matrix.The results of mechanical properties test revealed that the wear resistance of the coating was improved by rapid laser processing,compared with that of the coating prepared with normal speeds.The above-mentioned conclusion indicated that rapid laser cladding can promote not only the processing efficiency but also the mechanical properties of the coating.     

部分稳定氧化锆(PSZ)的化学稳定性研究

本文研究喷雾干燥法和无机胶化法制得PSZ粉末和陶瓷片,在不同介质及条件下Y_2O_3的溶解度。结果表明:PSZ粉末或陶瓷体在碱性介质中均稳定,不会发生Y_2O_3溶解。在水溶液中有少部分溶解。但在酸性介质中,PSZ粉末和陶瓷体中Y_2O_3均有明显的溶解。其溶解度是随着盐酸的浓度升高而明显增大,当盐酸浓度述3wt%时,Y_2O_3溶解量达到最高值。随着烧结温度升高,材料中Y_2O_3的溶解度明显下降。证实材料中Y_2O_3固溶ZrO_2较完全,只有微量游离Y_2O_3保留着,不影响材料的性能。喷雾干燥获得的粉末比胶化法的粉末,其Y_2O_3溶解度更低(0.3wt%);证明,喷雾法的PSZ粉比胶化法粉的化学稳定性高。     

表面活性剂对钛合金复合微弧氧化膜结构与耐磨性能的影响

为了在钛合金表面制备耐磨性能良好的复合微弧氧化膜层,研究了4种不同类型的表面活性剂对复合六方氮化硼(hBN)固体润滑微粒微弧氧化膜层微观结构及其耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂对复合微弧氧化(MAO)膜层的微观结构和耐磨性能有明显的影响,阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵降低了复合MAO膜层中h BN微粒含量,削弱了膜基结合,因而不利于膜层耐磨性能的改善;非离子型表面活性剂无水乙醇由于挥发性强导致膜层的致密性下降,降低了膜层的耐磨性能;阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠对复合MAO膜层的结构和耐磨性能影响较小;阴离子型表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠则有效改善了hBN微粒在电解液中的分散性,进而改善其在MAO膜层中的复合及分布状况,从而明显改进了复合MAO膜层的耐磨性能。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面火焰喷焊W_xC涂层耐磨性分析

采用"一步法"火焰喷焊技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备出由Ni60过渡层和W_xC+Ni60强化层组成的喷焊层。喷焊层在氩气气氛中冷却,避免了涂层的氧化。过渡层与基体结合良好,没有孔洞等缺陷;强化层中碳化钨颗粒呈弥散分布,与过渡层界面处存在大量的孔洞。喷焊层硬度为12. 3 GPa,相比基材,硬度提高了近3倍,摩擦系数降低60%以上。喷焊层与GCr15和Si_3N_4对磨后,对磨副GCr15和Si_3N_4磨损严重,而喷焊层无明显磨损,表现出优异的耐磨性。     

激光熔覆高熵合金涂层组织结构及强化机理研究进展

激光熔覆作为一种绿色、高效的表面处理技术,能够快速制备组织致密、晶粒细小,与基体呈高强度冶金 结合的涂层,是近年来高熵合金领域的研究热点之一。概述了现有高熵合金涂层材料体系和制备方法,重点讨论 了激光熔覆CoCrFeNi-M 典型过渡族高熵合金涂层的组织结构,及其耐磨、耐蚀、抗高温氧化等性能,并归纳了 涂层的强化机制和方法。CoCrFeNi-M 系合金涂层主要呈现FCC 固溶体结构,综合力学性能普遍较好,通过合金 体系调控,在细晶强化、固溶强化、第二相强化等作用下,能够获得硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性等性能的进一步提升。 同时,概述了激光熔覆难熔高熵合金涂层的组织结构,耐磨、耐蚀、抗高温氧化性能及性能强化机制,该体系合 金涂层主要呈现BCC 固溶体结构,硬度较高但室温韧性普遍不足,具有较好的高温强度,在高温领域具有较好 的应用前景,但抗高温氧化性能普遍不足,仍需通过合金体系优化进一步提升。此外,总结了基于激光熔覆技术 开展的高熵合金涂层制备及研究中存在的问题和不足,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

铁基Cr3C2复合涂层的组织及性能研究

利用空气燃料超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVAF)在D2钢表面制得Cr3C2-FeCrBSi复合涂层.借用光学显微镜(OM)、维氏硬度计、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸试验机及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微结构、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能进行表征与测试,研究了不同比例纳米-微米Cr3C2陶瓷增强相对复合涂层组织结构及性能的影响.试验结果...     

基于激光重熔的纳米陶瓷颗粒改性喷涂层的耐磨性研究

介绍了基于激光重熔技术的纳米陶瓷颗粒改性热喷涂耐磨涂层复合加工方法.以SiC纳米颗粒和WC-Co及Al2O3-TiO2热喷涂涂层为研究对象,进行了涂层改性加工试验.使用扫描电镜分析了纳米颗粒改性重熔涂层微观组织结构,并分别对热喷涂涂层、激光重熔喷涂涂层和纳米颗粒改性涂层进行了耐磨性测试.结果表明:SiC纳米颗粒能有效改善热喷涂涂层组织,并能显著提高涂层耐磨损性能.     

铌硅化物基超高温合金Si-Y_2O_3共渗涂层的组织及裂纹形成

采用分别于1 050、1 150、1 250 ℃保温10 h的Si-Y_2O_3包埋共渗工艺,在铌硅化物基超高温合金表面制备了Y改性的硅化物涂层.利用SEM、EDS和XRD等方法分析了Y对涂层形貌及裂纹形成的影响,并与相同温度和时间下单独渗Si涂层的组织进行了对比.结果表明,涂层外层上部为分布均匀致密的(Nb,M)Si_2柱状晶,外层下部为疏松的(Nb,M)Si_2等轴晶;渗剂中添加质量分数为0.75%的Y_2O_3可以细化涂层组织,且当渗剂中的w(Y_2O_3)为0.50%～0.75%时,所制备涂层的纵向裂纹和横向裂纹的总长度均较小.     

HVAF喷涂La2O3改性WC-20Cr3C2-11NiMo涂层的耐磨耐蚀性能

为进一步提升高质量WC涂层的耐磨性、耐海水腐蚀性和耐海水气蚀性。采用大气超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)在0Cr13Ni5Mo基体上制备稀土La₂O₃改性WC-20Cr₃C₂-11NiMo涂层。通过显微硬度测试、平面孔隙测试、摩擦磨损实验、电化学实验和模拟海水超声波气蚀实验,测试涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、摩擦因数、摩擦磨损性能、耐海水腐蚀性能和耐海水气蚀性能,分析La₂O₃对WC-20Cr₃C₂-11NiMo涂层耐磨耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,改性后的涂层显微硬度提升到1400 HV0.2左右,平均孔隙率降低约48.6%;涂层磨损质量降低约33%,摩擦因数降低约30%,摩擦磨损表面微凹坑和微裂纹明显减少;电化学自腐蚀电位明显右移,电化学自腐蚀电流密度明显减小;涂层的气蚀质量损失减少约20%,气蚀坑洞明显减少和变小。HVAF喷涂La₂O₃改性后的WC-20Cr₃C₂-11NiMo涂层硬度略微提升,致密性、耐磨性、耐海水腐蚀性和耐海水气蚀性得到明显提升,除表面疲劳磨损外,表面摩擦磨损机理从严重磨粒磨损转变为轻微磨粒磨损,气蚀机理主要为流体冲击波侵蚀。     

Al2O3-Y2O3 Nano- and Micro-Composite Coatings on Fe-9Cr-Mo Alloy

Al2O3-Y2O3 nano- and micro-composite coatings were deposited on Fe-9Cr-Mo substrates by using sol-gel composite coating technology. The processing includes dipping samples in a sol-gel solution dispersed with fine ceramic powders, which are prepared by high-energy ball milling. High-resolution microscopy （FE-SEM） analyses show that the coating is composed of composite particle clusters with an average diameter of 1μm, and the coating is relatively dense without cracking during drying and sintering stages. XRD analyses show that the oxide coating is mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. The oxidation tests performed at 600℃ in air show that the coatings are provided with much improved resistance against high temperature oxidation and scale spallation. It is indicated that nano-structured composite particles and reactive elements are integrated into the coatings, which plays an important role in preventing agglomeration of nano-particles and initiation of cracks.     

TiC含量对激光熔覆TiC增强双相不锈钢复合涂层性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在40 Cr Ni Mo基材上制备了TiC增强双相不锈钢复合熔覆层,熔覆层物相主要由奥氏体、马氏体、M₇C₃型碳化物和TiC组成。其中M₇C₃型碳化物主要包括Fe₇C₃、Cr₇C₃或者(Fe、Cr)₇C₃三种,TiC按尺寸可分为熔解后析出的微米级TiC以及粗大的未熔TiC颗粒。析出的TiC颗粒为方块状,随着TiC添加量增加,呈花瓣状长大。未熔TiC颗粒与基材形成了扩散界面,具有很好的界面结合性。当加入30 wt.%TiC时,熔覆层具有最好的耐磨性,硬度可达55.26 HRC,磨损体积为2.54×10^-2 mm³,耐磨性是基材的3.37倍。     

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Fe-based Amorphous Coatings Deposited by High-velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying

Fe-based powder with a composition of Fe_(42.87)Cr_(15.98)Mo_(16.33)C_(15.94)B_(8.88)(at.%)was used to fabricate coatings by high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying.The effects of the spraying parameters on the microstructure and the wear properties of the Fe-based alloy coatings were systematically studied.The results showed that the obtained Fe-based coatings with a thickness of about 400μm consisted of a large-volume amorphous phase and some nanocrystals.With increasing the fuel and oxygen flow rates,the porosity of the obtained coatings decreased.The coating deposited under optimized parameters exhibited the lowest porosity of 2.8%.The excellent wear resistance of this coating was attributed to the properties of the amorphous matrix and the presence of nanocrystals homogeneously distributed within the matrix.The wear mechanism of the coatings was discussed on the basis of observations of the worn surfaces.     

超音速等离子喷涂YPSZ涂层的组织及耐磨性能

为了研制一种连铸结晶器耐高温耐磨材料,采用超音速等离子喷涂法在纯铜板上制备了氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(YPSZ)涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、彩色3D激光显微镜和图形软件(Image-pro Plus3.0)对YPSZ涂层的微观组织进行表征,通过销盘式磨损仪在室温干摩擦条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性能及化学硬化对涂层耐磨性能的影响.研究发现YPSZ涂层完全由t’-ZrO₂相组成,其断口形貌由柱状晶和一定量的部分熔融颗粒组成,截面组织形态表现出较好的完整性,涂层孔隙率为1.2%,表面粗糙度为6.457μm.磨损实验表明化学硬化前YPSZ涂层与刚玉球对磨时的摩擦因数在0.5~0.6之间,平均磨痕宽度为3638.8μm,磨损体积为1.25508×10-2mm3,磨损机制为脆性断裂导致的磨粒磨损;化学硬化后YPSZ涂层的磨痕宽度和磨损体积均有大幅降低,脆断程度也更轻,其磨损性能得到极大改善.      

Preparation and tribological performance of electrodeposited Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings

TiB2 and Dy2O3 were used as codeposited particles in the preparation of Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings to improve its per-formance. Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method with a nickel cetyltrimethylanunonium bromide and hexadecylpyridinium bromide solution containing TiB2 and Dy2O3 particles. The content of codeposited TiB2 and Dy2O3 in the compos-ite coatings was controlled by adding TiB2 and Dy2O3 particles of different concentrations into the solution, respectively. The effects of TiB2 and Dy2O3 content on microhardness, wear mass loss and friction coefficients of composite coatings were investigated. The composite coat-ings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings showed higher microhardness, lower wear mass loss and friction coefficient compared with those of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2 composite coatings. The wear mass loss of Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings was 9 and 1.57 times lower than that of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2 composite coatings, respectively. The friction coefficient of pure Ni coating, Ni-TiB2 and Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coatings were 0.723, 0.815 and 0.619, respectively. Ni-TiB2-Dy2O3 composite coat-ings displayed the least friction coefficient among the three coatings. DY2O3 particles in composite coatings might serve as a solid lubricant between contact surfaces to decrease the friction coefficient and abate the wear of the composite coatings. The loading-bearing capacity and the wear-reducing effect of the Dy2O3 particles were closely related to the content of Dy2O3 particles in the composite coatings.     

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-P-Nano Al2O3 Composite Coatings Synthesized by Electroless Plating

Ni-P-nano Al2O3 composite coatings were deposited by electroless plating,and their microstructures were observed by SEM（scanning electron microscope）.The microhardness and the wear resistance of the Ni-P-nano Al2O3 composite coatings were measured using microhardness tester and block-on-ring tribometer,respectively,and the comparison with those of Ni-P coatings or Ni-P-micro Al2O3 coating was given.The influences of aging temperature on their hardness and wear resistance were analyzed.The results showed that the nano Al2O3 particles were distributed uniformly in the Ni-P-Al2O3 coatings.Among three kinds of Ni-P based coatings,the hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P-nano Al2O3 coatings were largest,and the maximum values could be obtained at 400 ℃.This indicated that the precipitation of nano Al2O3 particles would improve the hardness and wear resistance of the Ni-P coatings.     

Cr-Fe-Ti-C系反应火焰喷涂研究

采用钛铁、石墨、铁粉和高碳铬铁为原料,利用反应火焰喷涂技术制备了Cr-Fe-Ti-C系涂层。研究结果表明,在喷涂过程中合成了TiC,涂层主要由TiC、（Cr,Fe)7C3硬质相和Fe组成。SRV磨听见试验表明,由于涂层中含有（Cr,Fe)7C3及合成的TiC硬质相,因此涂层具有良好的耐磨性能;涂层的磨损机理为粘着磨损和硬质的剥落,但主要是粘着磨损。由于（Cr,Fe）7C3需要Ti-C之间的反应放热补充热量才能使其完全熔化,因此高碳铬铁含量的增加对改善涂层的致密性和结合强度不利。     

Differences in the Properties of Ti–C–Mo–S Antifrictional Coatings on 40Kh and 20Kh13 Steel

The tribological and physical properties of Ti–C–Mo–S antifrictional coatings applied by a hybrid magnetron–plasma method on 40Kh and 20Kh13 steel substrates are compared. The coatings on the 40Kh and 20Kh13 steel substrates are applied in precisely the same conditions by magnetron sputtering of cathodes produced by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), with the assistance of high-density gas-discharge plasma formed by a PINK plasma source. The methods used in coating application are detailed. The coated substrates undergo frictional tests in a pin-on-disk configuration. The relative velocity of the counterbodies is 50–60 cm/s. The results show that the tribological characteristics of the coating—in particular, the wear resistance—depend significantly on the substrate. The coating life is significantly different on different substrates: specifically, the wear resistance is higher for the coating on low-carbon (about 1%) 40Kh steel than on high-chromium (about 13%) 20Kh13 steel. Optical and scanning electron microscopy of the wear tracks reveals qualitative and quantitative differences in the coating wear on 40Kh and 20Kh13 steel substrates. By means of an electronic profilometer, the coating wear in 1000 disk cycles may be assessed on the basis of the mean cross-sectional area of the wear track, which is four times greater for the 20Kh13 steel substrate. Analysis of the tribological and physical properties indicates that the difference in the properties is due primarily to the different initial chemical and phase composition and the structural differences of the substrates, which determine the properties of the alloyed surface layer and the adhesive strength of the coating to the substrate and ultimately determine the wear mechanism.     

化学气相传输法分离二元混合稀土氧化物

以KCl为络合物配体,研究与Y2O3离子半径十分接近的Dy2O3、Ho2O3和Er2O3的分离特性以及重稀土氧化物Ho2O3-Er2O3、Er2O3-Tm2O3、Tm2O3-Yb2O3及Yb2O3-Lu2O3之间的分离特性。实验结果表明,分离后主要沉积位置在中温和低温区。不同温度区域的最大分离系数分别为,SFY/Dy=11.49,SFY/Ho=15.28,SFY/Er=6.37。说明Y-Dy、Y-Ho及Y-Er控制一定的温度梯度完全可以达到分离目的。SFHo/Er=1.40,SFEr/Tm=2.21,SFTm/Yb=1.38,SFYb/Lu=4.33,高于传统的湿法分离系数。     

激光熔覆/离子渗硫复合改性层的表征与减摩行为

采用激光熔覆和离子渗硫复合处理在Ni基金属陶瓷涂层表面原位合成微纳米硫化物固体润滑薄膜,得到复合改性层。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、AFM、EPMA等方法对复合改性层进行了表征,在摩擦磨损实验机上研究了复合改性层干摩擦条件的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,Ni基金属陶瓷涂层主要由γ-(Fe,Ni)、Cr2Ni3、Ni17W3、Fe0.64Ni0.36、WC、Cr7C3和CrSi2组成,显微硬度在550~625 HV0.2。渗硫层是一个3~4μm的灰黑色带状层,与基体之间无明显过渡,表面疏松而多孔,由微纳米级的尖岛状颗粒堆砌而成;渗硫层主要由单质Fe、Ni,FeS、FeS2、NiS等硫化物,Fe、Cr的氧化物组成。摩擦磨损实验结果表明,与Ni基金属陶瓷涂层相比,复合改性层的摩擦系数和磨损量都显著降低。     

电弧喷涂含陶瓷颗粒铝基复合涂层的微结构和性能

采用5052半硬铝带分别包覆Al_2O_3、SiC、B_4C、TiC陶瓷颗粒制备的粉芯丝材进行电弧喷涂试验,制备了含陶瓷颗粒的铝基复合涂层。利用光学显微镜、XRD分析了涂层的微观组织和相结构,测试了复合涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性。研究结果表明,制备的铝基复合涂层中含有一定数量的未熔陶瓷颗粒,涂层较为致密,无明显缺陷。含陶瓷铝基涂层的物相主要由Al和所添加的陶瓷相构成,其中在含B_4C陶瓷涂层中还存在Al_3BC、Al_4C_3和AlB_2等新相。陶瓷颗粒的加入有利于提高铝基复合涂层的显微硬度,其中B_4C的加入使涂层中基体相显微硬度提高了1.5倍,这是由于B_4C陶瓷和Al反应生成Al_3BC、Al_4C_3和AlB_2硬质相。复合涂层的耐磨性均优于纯铝涂层,摩擦磨损的形式主要为粘着磨损。动电位极化腐蚀试验表明,含SiC和TiC陶瓷涂层具有较低的腐蚀电流,耐蚀性较好,含SiC陶瓷的复合涂层出现了明显的钝化现象。