常温法精细硫化胶粉在轮胎胶料中的应用研究

以常温法80目精细胶粉用于载重轮胎的胎面和胎侧胶料为例,系统考察了这两种胶料掺用胶粉后的加工性能及其硫化胶的物理性能,其中着重对胶粉在胶料中的分散状态,硫化胶各项常规物理性能以及动态力学性能等进行了试验研究和对比。结果表明,轮胎胶料中掺用80目精细硫化胶粉对其加工性能影响不大,有利于胶料的混炼操作及胎面的流动性,但用量以小于15份为宜;经精炼的胶粉还可以改善胎面胶的撕裂强度、 拉伸强度及耐磨性。     

RD－F体系活化胶粉对胶料加工性能的影响

研究ＲＤ－Ｆ活化胶粉及其用量对混炼胶硫化性能、流变性能及硫化胶物理机械性能和动态压缩疲劳性能的影响。并与非活化胶粉进行对比。同时从理论上对影响机理作了初步探讨。试验结果表明，ＲＤ－Ｆ活化胶粉用量在１５份以下时对胶料硫化性能基本无影响；与非活化胶粉相比，可进一步减小胶料挤出膨胀率；随着ＲＤ－Ｆ活化胶粉用量增大。硫化胶拉伸强度、扯断伸长率呈下降趋势，３００％定伸应力、压缩疲劳温升、压缩永久变形呈上升趋势．撕裂强度出现极大值，而且这些性能的变化比未活化胶粉胶料的要小得多。     

溶聚丁苯橡胶FX 5021和FX 3211在轮胎胎面胶中的应用

以2种牌号溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）FX 5021和FX 3211作为基体材料,白炭黑作为增强填料,考察了2种混炼胶中填料的分散性及硫化胶的物理机械性能及动态力学性能。结果表明,在FX 5021混炼胶中白炭黑的分散性更好,FX 5021混炼胶的硫化速率较慢。FX 5021硫化胶的拉伸强度和定伸应力更高,而FX 3211硫化胶拥有更高的撕裂强度、回弹性和耐磨耗性能。FX 5021硫化胶有更高的抗湿滑性能和滚动阻力。     

Physicomechanical properties of filled natural rubber vulcanizates modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid

Effect of fillers like carbon black, silica, and china clay on the cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid (PCNSL) in various proportions has been studied. Prominent cure retardation has been observed with progressive increase in concentration of PCNSL from 0 to 20 phr. The softening effect of PCNSL on the vulcanizate has been displayed by the linear decrease in hardness and tensile modulus and the increase in elongation at break with the increase in concentration of PCNSL. The results on the tensile and tear strengths of the vulcanizates showed that the reinforcing effect of the fillers were maximized at concentrations of PCNSL ranging from 5 to 10 phr. Also, the PCNSL-modified NR vulcanizates showed improved resistance to thermo-oxidative ageing and decomposition, especially at the higher concentration of 20 phr. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 1303–1311, 1998     

Scanning electron microscopy studies on tear fracture of natural rubber

Tear fracture surfaces of peroxide- and sulphur-cured natural rubber vulcanizates, both unfilled and filled, have been studied using scanning electron microscope. Peroxide-cured unfilled vulcanizate shows stick-slip tear whereas the HAF black-filled vulcanizate gives rise to a layered fracture surface. Tear branching, observed in the unfilled sulphur-cured vulcanizate changes to a high level of tear deviation resulting in a rough surface, with the addition of HAF black. FT black improves tear resistance only slightly and the fracture surface appears comparatively smooth. The low level of polymer-filler interaction in clay filled vulcanizates causes the filler agglomerates to come out of the matrix during the test thus decreasing tear resistance and giving rise to a pitted surface.     

不同牌号丁苯橡胶的耐低温性能研究

研究3种牌号丁苯橡胶(SKMS-10,SL-4525-0,SBR1502)的硫化特性、物理性能和耐低温性能。结果表明:SKMS-10具有优异的耐低温性能,生胶的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)为-73.3℃,硫化胶的T_g为-59.8℃,适于在极寒条件下使用;SL-4525-0胶料的F_max-FL较大,硫化胶的拉伸强度为19.3 MPa,撕裂强度为53 kN·m^-1,T_g为-48.6℃,具有优异的综合性能;SBR1502硫化胶的拉伸强度高达24.9 MPa,撕裂强度为49 kN·m^-1,但T_g为-38.4℃,耐低温性能较差,适用于载荷较大且耐低温性能要求不高的橡胶减振制品。     

硫黄用量对跑气保用轮胎胎侧支撑胶性能的影响

研究硫黄用量对跑气保用轮胎胎侧支撑胶性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着硫黄用量的增大,胶料的加工安全性略有下降,硫化胶的硬度、定伸应力和回弹值呈增大趋势,拉伸强度、拉断永久变形、撕裂强度、压缩永久变形及耐屈挠龟裂性能呈下降趋势,压缩生热变化不大;当硫黄用量为2份时,硫化胶的综合物理性能较好。     

On the potential of organoclay with respect to conventional fillers (carbon black,silica) for epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized natural rubber vulcanizates

Onium modified montmorillonite (organoclay) was compounded with natural rubber (NR) in an internal mixer and cured by using a conventional sulfuric system. Epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol % epoxidation (ENR 50) in 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) was used as a compatibilizer in this study. For comparison purposes, two commercial fillers: carbon black (grade N330) and silica (grade vulcasil‐S) were used. Cure characteristics were carried out on a Monsanto MDR2000 Rheometer. Organoclay filled vulcanizate showed the lowest values of torque maximum, torque minimum, scorch, and cure times. The kinetics of cure reaction showed organoclay could behave as a cocuring agent. The mechanical testing of the vulcanizates involved the determination of tensile and tear properties. The improvement of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear properties in organoclay filled vulcanizate were significantly higher compared to silica and carbon black filled vulcanizates. In terms of reinforcing efficiency (RE), organoclay exhibited the highest stiffness followed by silica and carbon black filled vulcanizates. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that incorporation of various types of fillers has transformed the failure mechanism of the resulting NR vulcanizates compared to the gum vulcanizates. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed that the stiffness and molecular relaxation of NR vulcanizates are strongly affected by the filler–rubber interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2438–2445, 2004     

硫化胶粉的活化研究

研究过渡元素金属盐／有机胺对胎面硫化胶粉的活化，以及胶粉粒度、活化温度和时间与活化胶粉硫化胶物理性能的关系。实验结果表明：氯化亚铜／二亚乙基三胺对硫化胶粉的活化效果较好；增大活化体系中氯化亚铜和二亚乙基三胺的浓度，减小硫化胶粉的粒度，采用较低的活化温度，均可提高硫化胶粉的活化效果。     

碱法制备蔗渣纳米纤维素/丁苯橡胶复合材料性能

针对目前硫酸法制备纳米纤维素高污染、高危险、高处理成本的缺点,采用环境友好、低能耗、低成本的碱法从蔗渣中制备纳米纤维素（2-BNC）,补强丁苯橡胶（SBR）,并与硫酸法制备的纳米纤维素（S-BNC）以及白炭黑（silica）补强SBR的性能进行对比,探究2-BNC的加入对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,2-BNC在基体中的分散性优于silica,与SBR基体有良好的界面结合,在同等填料份数下,SBR/2-BNC硫化胶的储能模量高于SBR/silica硫化胶,损耗因子下降,耐磨耗性能更加突出,且力学性能更佳;2-BNC和S-BNC对SBR的整体补强效果相当。     

硫化胶粉在胶管胶带中的应用

从硫化胶粉的应用技术着手，分别采用直接掺用胶粉，对胶粉精炼后掺用以及添加胶粉时适当调整硫化体系3种不同的方法，全面系统考察了所用胶料的性能。结果表明，以胶粉经精炼后添加效果最好；添加胶粉时适当调整硫磺用量的效果次之；胶粉的直接掺用效果最差；普通输送带覆盖胶添加20份精炼胶粉，风水胶管外胶掺用45份胶粉（采用调整硫化体系的方法），其性能仍可达到国家标准。     

基于离子超分子网络实现自修复天然橡胶的制备

将甲基丙烯酸锌（ZDMA）或聚（甲基丙烯酸锌）低聚物（PM）引入到天然橡胶中,同时并用炭黑/白炭黑与天然橡胶共混,制备一种具有自修复性能的耐屈挠疲劳橡胶。研究结果表明,与PM相比,ZDMA可形成以离子交联为主的可逆超分子网络,赋予了硫化胶更好的自修复功能,当其用量为40份（质量）时硫化胶的自修复效率最高,接近100%。不饱和羧酸盐（ZDMA或PM）与传统填料（炭黑和白炭黑）并用时,PM仅在前期可有效抑制裂纹的扩展,ZDMA可明显提高材料的耐屈挠疲劳性能,当m（ZDMA）/m（炭黑）为20/40时硫化胶的耐屈挠疲劳性能最好。     

RD－F机械化学法对胶粉活化改性的研究

在ＲＤ－Ｆ机械化学法活化胶粉的过程中，高速搅拌器使活化剂在胶粉表面涂覆均匀，开炼机对胶粉产生强烈的剪切细化作用，促进活化剂同胶粉结合。活化剂中．硫化剂提高胶粉－基质胶相界面的交联密度，塑解剂促进胶粉表面塑化，防老剂提高胶料动态性能，酚醛树脂进一步增强胶粉一基质胶相界面“粘合”。确定ＲＤ－Ｆ活化剂体系为：防老剂ＲＤ１，酚醛树脂１，４２０＃油１．５，促进剂Ｈ０．４，硫黄０．５，促进剂ＣＺ０．５，乙烯焦油８。ＲＤ－Ｆ活化剂体系活化的胶粉能较大地提高胎面胶料的耐磨性。     

多功能橡胶助剂ZNZB746在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究多功能橡胶助剂ZNZB746在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用,并与增塑剂FS-200进行对比。结果表明,加入ZNZB746可以延长胶料的焦烧时间,赋予胶料更优的工艺性能,有效减少胎面半成品的气孔,提高致密性;可以提高胶料的定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度等物理性能和耐磨性能;ZNZB746能起到抗硫化返原剂的作用,使轮胎胶料老化后的耐磨性能明显改善。     

Utilization of sulfur and crumb rubber in asphalt modification

In this study, waste crumb rubber and sulfur were utilized to enhance the performance of asphalt binder for pavement applications. About 20–50% of sulfur and 1–6% crumb rubber were used. Melt properties were investigated using thermal analysis, dynamic and steady shear rheology, and artificial aging. Rheological tests were carried out in ARES rheometer. Both steady and dynamic shear rheology showed that crumb rubber improved the viscoelastic properties of the sulfur‐extended asphalt binder. Crumb rubber modification reduced temperature susceptibility of sulfur/asphalt, and increased the upper grading (performance) temperature of sulfur asphalt. The combined effect of sulfur and crumb rubber reduced the activation energy compared with that of pure asphalt. Zero‐shear viscosity and strategic highway research program rutting parameter (G*/sinδ) improved by crumb rubber incorporation into the sulfur asphalt binder. Short‐term aging improved G*/sinδ with slight increase in activation energy. The addition of sulfur to asphalt matrix increased the viscoelastic properties (G′ and G″) of sulfur asphalt. The addition of crumb rubber to sulfur asphalt enhanced the temperature resistance of the binder. Utilization of waste crumb rubber and sulfur in asphalt modification proved to enhance asphalt pavement life. In addition, utilization of such wastes can help in meeting the extra demand for asphalt, reduce the pavement cost, and help in solving a waste disposal problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40046.     

Recycling of EPDM waste. I. Effect of ground EPDM vulcanizate on properties of EPDM rubber

Processing, cure characteristics, and mechanical properties of EPDM rubber containing ground EPDM vulcanizate of known composition were studied. Mooney viscosity increases and Mooney scorch time decreases by the addition of the ground vulcanizate. At higher loadings of the ground rubber, the maximum rheometric torque decreases. On addition of ground waste, stress–strain properties and tear resistance increase, whereas heat buildup marginally increases, resilience marginally decreases, low‐strain modulus remains constant, and abrasion resistance decreases. The interplay between the filler effect of the ground EPDM and the crosslink density changes of the EPDM matrix is believed to be the reason for the variation in mechanical properties. It is believed that sulfur migration occurs from the raw EPDM matrix (R‐EPDM) to the ground waste EPDM (W‐EPDM) particle while accelerator migration occurs from W‐EPDM to R‐EPDM. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3293–3303, 2001     

国产丁戊橡胶与顺丁橡胶的加工应用性能对比研究

通过与BR的对比,研究了国产丁戊橡胶(BIR)的加工性能、硫化特性、物理性能,并探讨了BIR与BR在胎面胶中的加工应用性能差异。结果表明,BIR硫化速度快,门尼粘度低,加工性能好;BIR硫化胶撕裂强度高,压缩温升低,耐疲劳性好。NR/SBR/BIR并用体系胎面胶硫化速度快,加工性能好;硫化胶的撕裂强度、耐疲劳、抗湿滑等性能均优于NR/SBR/BR并用体系。     

环氧化天然橡胶与白炭黑及Si 69之间的反应及其对白炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶性能的影响

研究了环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)与白炭黑及改性剂Si 69之间的反应及其对白炭黑/溶聚丁苯橡胶复合材料中白炭黑的分散状况以及复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,ENR中的环氧基团开环与白炭黑发生反应,但不能开环与Si 69发生反应。由于ENR与白炭黑的反应速率较慢,导致ENR改性白炭黑在溶聚丁苯橡胶混炼胶与硫化胶中的分散状况有所不同。但是将ENR和Si 69同时加入到白炭黑/溶聚丁苯橡胶复合材料中后,与只用Si 69改性白炭黑填充的溶聚丁苯橡胶相比,硫化胶的拉伸强度基本不变,定伸应力、硬度和撕裂强度增大,扯断伸长率和拉伸永久变形减小,这是因为加入ENR和Si 69后即存在白炭黑与ENR及白炭黑与Si 69两种反应,并且ENR中的环氧基团可以活化其相邻的双键,加速硫化,从而导致硫化胶交联密度增大的缘故。     

钠基蒙脱土对工程机械轮胎胎面胶性能的影响

研究钠基蒙脱土对工程机械轮胎胎面胶性能的影响。结果表明:采用乳液共沉法制备钠基蒙脱土/天然橡胶纳米复合母胶,钠基蒙脱土在橡胶基体中分散均匀;与未添加钠基蒙脱土的胶料相比,加入少量钠基蒙脱土的胶料FL变化不大,Fmax提高,ts1,t10,t90缩短,硫化速率提高,硬度、定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度增大,耐热老化性能提高,磨耗量明显减小;以4份钠基蒙脱土等量替代炭黑,胶料的磨耗量减小33.8%,综合性能较好。     

回归分析法在橡胶配方试验中的应用

应用均匀设计法设计橡胶配方,研究胶粉、白炭黑、炭黑和棕色树脂粉4种填料对SBR胶料密度、硬度、弯曲屈挠、耐磨耗等7项性能的影响。采用回归分析法拟合试验数据,得到优选的定量描述性能与填料变量之间关系的诸回归方程,利用它们优化和预测配方。验证试验表明,所优的配方密度小、硬度高、其它性能基本达到要求。全面显示了回归分析法在橡胶配方试验中应用的全过程,着重说明了使用回归分析法时不能忽略的几个问题：试验总数、回归模型、回归方程和回归系数的显性检验、剩余标准离差、回归方程的优选和验证试验。