核反应堆堆芯冷却剂流量测量用涡轮流量计的研制及应用

为适应核反应堆堆芯冷却剂流量测量的需要,开发研制了新型低速涡轮流量变送器,按流量信号输出不同,分别为磁感应模拟信号输出和数字开关量输出低速涡轮流量变送器。实际标定和应用表明,低速涡轮流量变送器的精度和重复性是好的,相对误差的均方根为1．0％,使用寿命长,阻力小,线性范围宽。     

钢球磨煤机出口温度软测量方法

针对火电厂制粉系统的钢球磨煤机出口温度难于测量的问题,提出了运用软测量方法测量其温度值的方法,并利用所建模型对系统进行了仿真,仿真结果较好。     

减小热电偶动态误差的方法

为了热电偶在温度测量中更准确地反映实际温度，现对其误差进行分析，并介绍减小动态误差的方法。     

基于智能技术的钢水温度软测量

钢水温度是炼钢过程的重要控制指标,由于钢水温度过高和钢液、钢渣对测温枪的腐蚀,钢水温度的测量只能用热电偶进行消耗式点测,而无法得到钢水温度的连续变化的信息.基于智能技术和软测量技术,这里开发了钢水温度的软测量方法.应用人工神经元网络进行初步预报,再根据专家工艺知识对一些特殊情况进行补正,获得了良好的效果.与机理法和统计法相比,钢水温度预报的适应性和准确性都得到了显著提高.     

基于成分分析的铝电解质初晶温度软测量模型

为了准确获取铝电解质的初晶温度,引入软测量方法的思想,建立了以铝电解质成分的质量百分数为辅助变量,以Rerstreken公式和Rostum公式为基础的初晶温度软测量模型。结合铝电解过程,具体讨论了初晶温度软测量建模过程。分析了Rerstreken软测量模型和Rostum软测量模型的一致性,发现在相同情况下它们对初晶温度的估计值基本相等。试验结果表明,所提出的软测量模型能够准确地估算铝电解质初晶温度,估计值与参考值之间的最大绝对误差小于15℃。     

篦冷机内水泥熟料温度的软测量

篦冷机内高温水泥熟料温度难以在线测量,给篦冷机的控制与热回收优化带来困难。针对这一问题,提出一种基于多孔介质渗流换热理论的篦冷机内熟料层温度软测量模型,并针对此模型设计一种解析法和隐式差分法相结合的流热耦合求解算法。根据所提出的算法对软测量模型进行渗流-传热双向耦合求解,得到了篦冷机内高温水泥熟料由进料口至出料口的温度变化预测值。利用自主设计的试验平台进行高温熟料堆积体冷却试验,试验结果表明,仿真数据与试验数据的误差较小,所建模型对于篦冷机内水泥熟料温度具有较好的测量精度。     

中药质量预测的软测量方法研究

基于逐步回归分析与主成分分析,提出了用于中药质量预测的软测量方法.应用该方法,这里提取了对中药质量预测有显著影响的中药制药过程参数,考察了过程参数的主成分,并建立了某中药质量预测的主成分回归软测量模型.实验表明,该软测量方法是有效的,且获得的软测量模型可用于中药质量预测.     

热电偶配用补偿导线测温的误差分析及其实验研究

本文根据热电偶配用补偿导线的测温原理,进行了测温误差分析,给出了镍铬－镍硅（铝）热电偶配用铜－康铜补偿线的测温误差修正值,并经实验验证。     

用热电偶测量薄板温度时的导热误差分析

用热电偶测量恒热流条件下薄板的温度时,沿热电偶丝的热量导出将引起接触区域的温场畸变,从而产生导热误差。本文对该导热误差公式进行了详细推导,分析了影响导热误差的各种因素,并且提出了减小导热误差的方法。     

探测器光变灵敏度的一种测量方法

介绍了单束两步法测量探测器光谱灵敏度的原理及装置。主要由光源 ,滤色器 ,单色器 ,探测器及电子学系统组成的系统 ,实现了自动采样自动测试。对影响测试精度的主要因素进行了分析 ,并提出了提高测试精度的方法。     

A study of the measurement of surface temperature at a cam/tappet contact

Cam/tappet wear is one of the most difficult reliability and durability problems to predict during the development of a prototype engine valve‐train system. In the present study, the cam/tappet surface temperature was measured and calculated to determine the effect of surface temperature on the lubricating conditions at a cam/tappet contact. The measurement method, sometimes called the dynamic thermocouple technique, was based on the Seebeck effect: by using different materials for the cam and tappet, the cam/tappet contact point becomes the hot junction of a ‘thermocouple’. The cam/tappet contact surface temperature can therefore be measured continuously. The measured temperature results show good agreement with predictions. Temperature spikes, however, were not found in the test using new oil, but were shown by the theoretical model. Such results indicate that the cam/tappet interface operates in effective lubricating conditions, even when the oil temperature is relatively high. Further research with degraded oil supplied at high temperature is needed for a thorough understanding of abnormal cam wear.     

导引刚性平面两位置的曲柄摇杆机构极限位置处综合法

本文介绍了一种刚体导引的曲柄摇杆机构几何综合法。该方法不但使连杆实现给定的两个位置,而且在该两位置摇杆具有运动间歇,机构自锁和预知急回性能等特性。     

Autonomous calibration method of the zero-difference without using a standard gauge for a straightness-measuring machine

An autonomous method to calibrate the zero-difference for the three-point method of measuring surface straightness is proposed. A simple cone-disc, which can be made by a CNC turning machine, is used for the calibration. The calibration method is comprised of two steps. In the first step, the cone-disc rotates around and parallel to three displacement sensors built-in to a holder. In the second step, the geometrical parameters between the sensors and the cone-disc are simultaneously acquired during each predetermined movement of the sensors, and the zero-differences are computed by the proposed algorithm within a few revolutions.The conceptual design and the algorithm to realize the proposed method are explained with theoretical analyses and numerical simulations. The results of this study are as follows:

(1)

The repeatable accuracy of the zero-difference determination using the proposed method is at the same level of quality as that of the reverse method using the three-point method.

(2)

When the zero-difference is calibrated using a cone-disc gauge of 200 mm radius and 10 μm peak height, which can be manufactured by a CNC turning machine, the shape error of the object's surface (which is analyzed for its systematic error component and its repeatability error component) becomes less than 0.5 and 2 μm at measured lengths of 100 and 200 mm, respectively.

     

A method for the selection of algorithms for form characterization of nominally spherical surfaces

This paper presents a method for the selection of algorithms for the form characterization of nominally spherical surfaces. The form characterization is applied to discrete data obtained from a three-dimensional (3-D) high-precision measurement system. In this paper, five sphere-fitting algorithms are outlined and compared. The fitting algorithms under investigation are: linear and nonlinear least-squares sphere fit, minimum zone sphere fit, four-point sphere fit, and sphere fit by error curve analysis. A method for selection of the best-fit algorithm, based on a spectral analysis of the surface irregularity is suggested and applied to the surface measurement of worn electrical switching contacts.