热处理工艺对高强度耐磨钢性能影响研究

针对采用热轧+淬火+低温回火工艺生产的NM400耐磨钢板,研究了不同温度回火处理对钢板组织、力学性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:耐磨板组织为回火马氏体和残余奥氏体,具有良好的韧性和耐磨性能;低温回火可以改善NM400钢的韧性,经过250℃低温回火处理的钢板综合性能最优。     

热处理工艺对NM450组织性能的影响研究与分析

为了分析淬火和回火热处理工艺对NM450耐磨钢组织性能的影响,通过对实验钢热轧态、淬火态和回火态不同状态下材料的组织进行对比分析,得到了淬火、回火工艺对材料组织的影响规律。结果表明:通过控制轧制,经930℃淬火+保温20 min、200℃回火+保温25 min热处理后实验钢可获得优良的综合力学性能。     

淬火-等温-回火(Q-I-T)对60Si2CrVA弹簧钢显微组织的影响

研究了淬火-等温-回火(Q-I-T)新工艺对60Si2CrVA弹簧钢显微组织的影响。通过残余奥氏体的测定、金相观测和TEM分析研究,结果表明:淬火-等温(Q-I)处理后获得50%~60%马氏体M(针束状)+30%~40%贝氏体B+大于10%残余奥氏体Ar组织;据统计贝氏体条宽度在100~500 nm之间,亚单元尺寸在50~250 nm之间,残余奥氏体以薄膜状分布于马氏体、贝氏体束条之间;经400℃回火后残余奥氏体大量分解,并析出部分细小碳化物。与传统淬火回火工艺相比,新工艺组织得到分割细化,并获得复相组织。     

热处理工艺对100 mm特厚07MnCrMoVR水电钢板组织性能的影响

对07MnCrMoR水电钢板的淬透性曲线进行了测定,利用淬火机和热处理炉对100 mm厚试验钢板进行了淬火和回火试验,并对试验钢进行了组织观察和力学性能测定。结果表明,随着试验钢距水冷端的距离增大,淬火组织由马氏体转变为粒状贝氏体,距离端部50 mm处转变为铁素体和粒状贝氏体的混合组织。试验钢板利用淬火机淬火后得到板条贝氏体+粒状贝氏体+先共析铁素体,回火后转变为铁素体+粒状贝氏体,同时大量的碳化物在铁素体基体和晶界处析出。试验钢最合理的热处理工艺为930℃30 min水冷淬火,660℃60 min空冷回火。     

贝氏体钢轨矫直前后回火的组织性能分析

利用TEM、磁性分析法和拉伸试验对矫直前后回火贝氏体钢轨显微组织、残余奥氏体含量、稳定性以及拉伸性能进行分析。结果表明:与矫直前回火相比,矫直后回火获得贝氏体钢轨的显微组织为无碳化物贝氏体+少量残余奥氏体和M/A+微量回火马氏体;抗拉强度平均提高139 MPa;屈服强度平均提高138 MPa;残余奥氏体机械稳定性明显提高;贝氏体钢轨强韧性优良。     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C-Mn-Mo-Cu-Nb-Ti-B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490~640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6~15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

热处理工艺对超高强钢板组织和性能的影响

利用金相、扫描电子显微镜以及拉伸与冲击试验研究了不同热处理工艺对超高强钢的组织和力学性能的影响。主要热处理参数为:淬火温度920℃,保温时间10 min;低温回火温度150℃、300℃,保温时间分别为60 min、30 min;高温回火温度500℃、550℃,保温时间15 min、10 min。淬火得到的组织为板条马氏体,低温回火得到的组织以回火马氏体为主,高温回火得到的组织为回火索氏体。经淬火+回火热处理后的钢板,力学性能可达到GB/T16270《高强度结构用调质钢板》标准中的890 MPa级别及更高级别牌号的要求。     

核电用钢板热处理工艺的研究

针对厚度为100 mm的核电用钢板20MnHR-B进行不同工艺热处理和力学性能、显微组织检测分析,结果表明:经过正火+回火处理,钢板的力学性能满足交货状态、最大和最小模拟焊后热处理状态的技术要求;经过最大模拟焊后热处理,钢板获得铁素体+珠光体+少量粒状贝氏体组织。最终将100 mm厚度核电用钢板20MnHR-B的最佳热处理工艺确定为900℃正火+保温1.2 min/mm+水冷、630℃回火+保温2 min/mm+空冷。     

淬火碳配分工艺下贝氏体/铁素体复相钢的组织和性能

采用SEM、TEM、EPMA、XRD、室温拉伸等实验手段,对两相区保温-贝氏体区淬火配分(IQPB)工艺下不同淬火碳配分温度和时间热处理后的组织和性能进行研究。结果表明,实验用钢经IQPB工艺处理后,室温组织主要由铁素体+贝氏体+残余奥氏体组成。两相区保温后,C、Mn元素在马氏体(原奥氏体)中富集,其含量分别为基体平均值的1.47倍和1.16倍。随淬火配分温度降低,贝氏体体积分数增加,组织细化,马氏体/奥氏体小岛数量增多。随着配分温度升高及配分时间增加,实验钢室温组织中残余奥氏体含量增加,抗拉强度降低,断后伸长率提高,加工硬化行为持续发生。综合不同配分温度和时间,400℃淬火进行10min配分处理时,抗拉强度达1 107MPa,伸长率达24%,此时强塑积可达26 568MPa·%。     

热处理工艺对膨胀管组织和力学性能的影响

采用两相区热处理工艺研究了膨胀管用低碳中锰钢组织演变规律和力学性能。结果表明:采用两相区热处理工艺的低碳中锰钢组织为回火索氏体+富碳马氏体/贝氏体+少量铁素体的复相组织+残余奥氏体,残余奥氏体分布在原奥氏体晶界上和马氏体/贝氏体板条界上,残余奥氏体主要通过临界淬火富集C和Mn元素达到稳定,室温下稳定的残余奥氏体含量最高可达12%。由于残余奥氏体的应变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应,低碳中锰钢具有良好的塑性,断后总延伸率高于40%,均匀延伸率高于20%。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.