Scientific research competitiveness of world universities in computer science

This article evaluates the scientific research competitiveness of world universities in computer science. The data source is the Essential Science Indicator (ESI) database with a time span of more than 10 years, from 01/01/1996 to 08/31/2006. We establish a hierarchical indicator system including four primary indicators which consist of scientific research production, influence, innovation and development and six secondary indicators which consist of the number of papers, total citations, highly cited papers, hot papers, average citations per paper and the ration of highly cited papers to papers. Then we assign them with proper weights. Based on these, we obtain the rankings of university and country/territory competitiveness in computer science. We hope this paper can contribute to the further study in the evaluation of a certain subject or a whole university.     

基于AHP-熵权法的电火花线切割机床设计

目的 为了研究并解决电火花线切割机床在设计中存在的问题,反映技术人员对机床设计的满意度。方法 通过AHP和熵权法对评价指标赋权,搭建模糊评价模型;通过调研和专家意见,从技术人员物理尺度、安全性、功能与操作、美学和操作人员期望等5个层面建立评价指标体系;运用AHP层次分析法进行主观权重分析,通过熵权法对指标进行客观权重分析,最后通过模糊综合评价法对设计满意度进行评价。结果 以机床操作人员的需求为基础,通过对专家和技术人员调研数据的分析,设计了较为完善的电火花线切割机床。结论 AHP-熵权法较大程度地保留了技术人员的客观评价和行业专家的主观判断,体现了主客观相结合赋权的科学性。评价模型为机床外观设计的改进提供了理论依据和量化指标,同时对提升技术人员操作满意度具有重要作用。     

基于AHP-CRITIC-TOPSIS的智能养老辅助产品设计研究

目的 针对目前智能养老辅助产品研究优选过程中,权重计算时主观权重信息占比过大的问题,将主客观权重与逼近理想解的排序方法相结合,运用于产品评价和优选体系,进行科学有效性排序。方法 首先,运用德尔菲法、调查问卷等方法,整理出老年人对智能辅助产品的需求,提出设计评价指标;其次,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算出主观权重,运用客观赋权法(CRITIC)计算出客观权重。进一步用公式将主、客观权重进行组合,计算出各指标的组合权重;最后,结合逼近理想解的排序方法(TOPSIS)对设计方案进行优选。以三种老年智能助行器设计方案为例,详解框架及流程。结果 实践证明,智能养老辅助产品评价体系准则层中功能需求最重要,在要素层中操作简易、群体互动和多样附属功能是评价智能辅助产品的重要指标。根据指标计算出三种方案相对贴近度,贴近度最高的方案二为最佳方案。结论 所分析的产品评价体系、提出的设计策略和方案比选方法可以为智能养老辅助产品设计提供参考。事实证明,综合运用AHP、CRITIC、TOPSIS方法的老年助行器设计方法优选模型更科学,多维数据下结合主客观权重方法得到的综合权重值更加合理,更能证明设计的针对性和有效性。     

支持规避设计的海量专利质量评价模型

专利规避设计需从现有专利中遴选具有核心竞争力的目标专利，以提升技术起点。针对设计领域的海量专利信息，提出了专利质量多指标主客观综合评价模型。分析专利书目信息与专利质量存在的正相关关系，甄选存活期、权利项数、同族专利数、引证数和被引证数等书目信息指标，构建了专利质量多指标综合评价指标体系，提升了评价方法的科学性和可操作性；提出将德尔菲法、层次分析法和均方差决策法相结合的主客观赋权法，确定专利质量评价指标权重，既保证了评价的权威性，又减小了个人偏见与从众妥协等因素的影响；建立了基于质量评价模型遴选目标专利的过程模型，并通过应用实例验证了该模型对遴选具有核心竞争力专利的有效性。     

Research on optimal decision-making of cloud manufacturing service provider based on grey correlation analysis and TOPSIS

It is of great practical significance to optimise the decision-making of cloud manufacturing service providers, which can ensure the efficient operation of the cloud manufacturing services. In order to effectively optimise, this paper constructs the evaluation index system, sorts out 7 important evaluation indexes. A method is proposed on the basis of the TOPSIS method and Grey Correlation Analysis (GRA), which is a decision-making method combining static distance and dynamic trend, and make the evaluation results more reasonable. In addition, in order to reflect the true weight of the high dimensional index, the evaluation model of projection pursuit index is established. The improved Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm is used to optimise the projection index function and model parameters, and to obtain the objective weights of evaluation indexes. Then the objective weights combine with the subjective weights obtained by the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which makes the weights of the evaluation indexes achieve the unity of subjective and objective. Finally, 20 sets of simulation examples are given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

An evaluation of research performance in management of 168 Taiwan universities

As the major concerns of the university are teaching and research, this paper describes the study of a nation-wide evaluation of research performance in management for 168 universities in Taiwan. In addition to the popular indicators of SCI/SSCI journal publications and citations, the number of projects funded by the National Science Council of Taiwan was used to account for the special characteristic of the field of management. The evaluation was based on individual professors rather than management programs, so that all types of universities, including those without management departments, could be compared. Performances of each university in those three indicators were aggregated by a set of a posteriori weights which were most favourable to all universities in calculating the aggregated score. The results show that public universities, in general, performed better than private ones. Universities with specific missions had comparable performance to general comprehensive ones. Analyses from a set of a priori weights solicited from experts showed that the results of this study are robust to the indicators selected and the weights used.     

现代包装机械设计质量综合评价体系研究

目的研究面向现代包装机械的设计质量综合评价体系。方法根据包装机械的性能要求、结构特征和相对应的质量特性,参照机械产品的评价体系,构建面向包装机械的设计质量综合评价体系。然后利用层次分析法确定指标的主观权重,利用熵值法确定指标的客观权重,通过主客观权重综合得到评价体系设计质量指标的综合权重,并以案例进行分析验证。结果案例分析证明,该评价体系和评价方法可行。结论使用该套包装机械设计质量评价体系,即可提高包装机械设计质量,又能降低成本。     

A logistics provider evaluation and selection methodology based on AHP,DEA and linear programming integration

Saaty's AHP is helpful in evaluating alternatives thanks to its effective procedure to determine the relative weights of several comparison criteria. Combining the results of expert interviews, AHP can be very useful for a company in choosing a third party logistics service provider (3PL). However, in the traditional AHP procedure, several results may be rejected when the consistency ratio (CR) of the respondent exceeds a certain threshold. As a consequence, AHP interviews may be repeated several times with a consequent waste of time. In many industrial domains, a faster way to choose a supplier would thus be appreciated. In this paper we propose a mathematical method that combines AHP, DEA and linear programming in order to support the multi-criteria evaluation of third party logistics service providers. The proposed model aims to overcome the limitation of the AHP method, merging experts’ indications with objective judgments which originate from historical data analysis. Suppliers' past performance is thus used to correct eventual errors resulting from the acceptance of interviews where the consistency ratio is high. The proposed model has been validated on the real case of an international logistics service provider.     

Ranking Iranian universities: an interpretative structural modeling approach

Ranking is widely considered to be an important tool for evaluating the performance, competitiveness, and success of academic institutions. An appropriate ranking system should evaluate the key missions of the higher education system in a way that helps to improve the leadership goals and activities carried out by the universities. Based on the concepts derived from the Iranian Higher Education Upstream Documents and Measures used internationally for university ranking, this study identifies 21 key measures that can be used in the ranking of Iranian universities. The measures are grouped into five categories: scientific infrastructure, scientific effectiveness, socio-cultural effectiveness, international interactions, and sustainability. Then, using the Interpretative Structural Modeling approach, the researchers develop a coherent rubric for establishing the ranking. The proposed conceptual model focuses primarily on the universities’ contribution to technological and scientific infrastructure, then secondarily on their contribution to scientific advancement and international interactions, and finally at a tertiary level on their socio-cultural effectiveness and sustainability.     

基于市场分析的冰箱产品造型评价方法

针对冰箱产品传统造型主观评价方法效率低、可信度差的弱点,以市场分析为基础,研究了一种结合客观计算和专家主观判断的冰箱产品造型评价方法。以大量地调研数据为基础,以科学分析为手段,构建了造型评价指标,提出了评价指标评分算法及评价指标权重确定方法,最终建立冰箱产品造型评价模型,并通过实例验证该方法的有效性和快捷性。     

A collaborative evaluation method of the quality of patent scientific and technological resources

A justified patent quality evaluation method is critical to improving the sharing efficiency of scientific and technological resources in online platforms. We propose a collaborative evaluation method of the quality of patent scientific and technological resources, combining the subjective evaluation results from the collaborative evaluation and the objective evaluation results. Firstly, an index system of patent quality is established, with the values of three dimensions, i.e., technical, legal, and market, considered. Then a collaborative evaluation model of patent quality based on the index system is proposed. Finally, a patent quality evaluation system is developed to support the collaborative evaluation process of patent quality. Our approach improves the comprehensiveness and efficiency of patent quality evaluation, and thereby facilitates the construction and development of regional scientific and technological resources sharing platforms.     

基于AHP和生理电的机器人语音交互认知负荷评价

目的 提出一种兼具主观测量和生理数据验证的机器人语音交互认知负荷的评价方案。方法 设计实验使受试者对不同的机器人语音交互系统进行体验，完成相应的任务并接受主观认知负荷测量，同时加以生理电信号测量。主观测量部分利用层次分析法（AHP）对传统的NASA-TLX量表进行改进，使得测量更加客观与细致；并利用生理信号测量的结果验证主观评价的可靠程度与实际意义。结果 得出不同语音交互系统认知负荷的主观评价数据与生理测量数据，两者相互印证，从而得到可靠的认知负荷评价结果，并进一步证明了评价系统本身的有效性。结论 基于AHP的基本原理，改进了NASA-TLX量表，并建立起了一套包含四个准则十四个指标的语音交互认知负荷评价体系，利用心率与皮肤电信号测量进行了辅助验证，提出了一种研究机器人语音交互用户体验的技术手段。     

基于信息熵多属性决策的物流供应商选择评价

生产商选择合适的物流供应商有利于降低营运成本,提高竞争优势.高效的第三方物流活动在增强企业核心竞争力、降低企业成本等方面起着重要作用.针对传统的熵值和熵权计算公式的不足,提出改进的熵权计算公式.同时把专家的主观权重和样本自身产生的熵权相结合,通过一定的方式混合加权作为不确定属性的权重.在此基础上结合多属性决策模型建立多属性决策评价方法.该方法将主、客观分析相结合,具有一定的优势：既减少了决策问题的主观性,又使得整个评价过程能够量化,有效解决了第三方物流供应商选择评价中的不确定多属性决策问题.最后通过实例分析证明该方法的可行性和有效性.     

陕西高校科技成果转化评价体系研究

由于科技成果向生产力的转化是推动经济和社会发展的动力,所以科技成果转化能力也是衡量一所高校学术水平以及竞争能力的一个重要标准.在剖析制约陕西高校科技成果转化因素的基础上,分析了高校科技成果转化的评价原则,建立了陕西高校科技成果转化的评价指标体系,并提出了高校科技成果转化的评价方法.     

Group-based product scheme-screening decision method based on fuzzy AHP and evidential reasoning theory

Selecting the favourable product scheme is the first step to successful new product development (NPD). There are usually large numbers of uncertainties in product scheme evaluation and screening process of NPD due to lack of or incomplete reliable information. Considering fully the uncertainties and then conducting correct reasoning could guarantee reliability and rationality of scheme-screening results. As an extension of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy AHP inherits multi-merits of the AHP approach and is capable of dealing with fuzzy information effectively, but it still has two weaknesses. One is the well-known ranking reversal problem. Although several researchers have analysed the reasons, we think the root cause for ranking reversal problem is due to the fact that AHP treats weights of attribute criteria and performance scores of alternatives in the same way. Therefore, we intend to deal with attribute weights and performance scores of alternatives separately and introduce evidential reasoning (ER) theory, which is good at uncertain reasoning, into fuzzy AHP to calculate the performance scores of alternatives. On the other hand, in view of the difficulty in resolution for fuzzy weights from fuzzy comparison matrix, a linear goal-programming model is proposed to calculate fuzzy weights, whose objective is to minimise the inconsistency degree of comparison matrix. By combining fuzzy AHP with ER, a group-based hybrid decision model FAHP-ER is developed. The hybrid model not only gets a great improvement in the capability of dealing with uncertainty, but also reflects the most real decision scenario and thinking process of the decision maker. Finally, a case study for schemes screening of the rotor and bearing system in the turbine generator is presented to demonstrate the application of the hybrid decision method.     

Effects of patent policy on innovation outputs and commercialization: evidence from universities in China

As the important source of scientific and technological innovation in China, the improvement of productivity from the patent commercialization in universities and research institutes is of great significance to the promotion of China’s sustainable economic development. Despite the quantity of patent applications from universities has increased dramatically in recent years, the rate of patent commercialization is somewhat lower than we expect. The purpose of our study is to examine whether the incentive patent policy has effectively enhanced the patent outputs and commercialization of universities in China. We determine the specific patent policy based on the information collection and measure the specific effect of the patent policy by using the data of the 64 universities that were directly under the Ministry of Education from 2009 to 2015. As a result, we find that although the policy has increased a university’s patent output, it does not encourage the patent’s commercialization. This is because to a certain extent, the policy has a negative impact on the enthusiasm of the university patent commercialization. Therefore, we argue that patent policies focusing on the quantity in the short term can improve the innovation output but will have a negative impact on university’s sustainable development in the long run.     

大用户直接交易合同执行风险评估

目前我国正稳步推进电力市场改革,大用户直接交易作为其中重要的形式有着可再生能源大量参与、交易电量巨大、电源分布广、传输距离远等特点,其交易的可靠性对电力系统的稳定性便有了十分重要的影响,因而必须对供需两侧用户交易进行有效的风险评估,对风险较大的影响因素进行合理的管控。大用户直接交易涉及供需两侧及诸多可能存在的风险因素,运用层次分析法对进行评价,主要从自然风险、准入风险、信用风险、交易风险、结算风险5个方面构建风险评价指标体系,以及对应的17个二级评价指标,并将风险因素进行评级,确定各自权重并检验一致性,最后对严重风险进行重点防范。结果表明,层次分析法可以兼顾主客观因素,确定各评价指标相对权重,计算风险指标对各等级风险水平的隶属度,实现定性与定量分析相结合,使风险评估的结果更加科学准确。     

区域物流产业竞争力指标体系及其应用

基于物流产业的涵义和特点提出了产业竞争力的概念,根据物流产业的现状,提出了物流产业竞争力评价的多层指标体系,列举了主要的评价方法和具体步骤;针对具体的实例,从定性和定量两个角度,运用组合评价法确定了相关指标的权重,借助多层模糊评价法对一级指标进行了评价分析,有助于区域物流产业核心竞争力的确定.     

Ranking Taiwanese management journals: A case study

To improve the quality of journals in Taiwan, the National Science Council (NSC) of the Republic of China evaluates journals in the fields of humanities and social sciences periodically. This paper describes the evaluation of 46 management journals conducted by the authors, as authorized by the NSC. Both a subjective approach, with judgments solicited from 345 experts, and an objective approach, with data collected on four indicators: journal cross citation, dissertation citation, authors’ scholastic reputation, and author diversity, were used to make a comprehensive evaluation. Performance in the four indicators were aggregated using weights which were most favourable to all journals, in a compromise sense, to produce the composite indices. The subjective evaluation reflects the general image, or reputation, of journals while the objective evaluation discloses blind spots which have been overlooked by experts. The results show that using either approach alone would have produced results which are misleading, which suggests that both approaches should be used. All of the editors of the journals being evaluated agreed that the evaluation was appropriate and the results are reasonable.     

高校科技开发工作探讨

论述高校在市场经济环境中，科技开发工作面临的机遇和挑战、希望和困难。正确认识高校科技开发工作，探索建立能主动适应社会主义市场经济发展规律并符合高校特点的科技开发管理和运行体制