Co掺杂对（CeO2）0.92（Y2O3）0.06（La2O3）0.02电解质材料性能的影响

采用固相合成法合成CeO2基粉料(1-x)(CeO2)0.92(Y2O3)0.06(La2O3)0.02+xCoO1.5(x=0,0.5 mol%,1mol%和2mol%),并在不同温度下烧成。采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、Archimedes法、交流阻抗谱和热膨胀仪分别测试电解质材料的晶体结构、体积密度、离子电导率和热膨胀。结果表明:掺杂Co的试样经1500℃烧成后均为单一的立方萤石结构相,Co可以有效提高试样的烧结性能,降低烧结温度100℃;试样的晶界电导随着Co含量的增加而提高,当Co掺杂量为2mol%时,试样在700℃时表现出最高的离子电导率0.051s.cm-1。同时发现Co的掺杂对试样的热膨胀影响不大。     

Effect of La2O3 on Ru/CeO2-La2O3 Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis

A series of CeO₂-La₂O₃ supported ruthenium catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and the as-obtained samples were characterized by N₂ physisorption, X-ray diffraction, CO chemisorption, H₂-TPR, H₂-TPD and XPS. The activity test shows that ammonia concentration of the catalyst with 10% La is 13.9% at 10 MPa, 10,000 h^?1, 450 °C, which is 17% higher than that of Ru/CeO₂. La doping can improve the activity of Ru-ceria catalyst for ammonia synthesis by facilitating the reduction of oxygen which subsists in the cerium oxide surface. In addition, it can be realized that the test of catalyst stability proves the stability performance of Ru/CeO₂-La₂O₃ catalyst within the reaction time of 55 h.     

稀土La2O3添加对氧化铝多孔陶瓷性能的影响

以煅烧α-Al2O3为原料,稀土氧化镧(La2O3)为添加剂,羧甲基纤维素为成型粘结剂,通过混料、困料、研磨、模压成型、高温烧结等工序制备了氧化铝多孔陶瓷,研究了烧结温度及La2O3添加量对氧化铝多孔陶瓷的线收缩率、体积密度、孔隙率、抗折强度和微观形貌的影响。结果表明:在相同烧结温度下,随稀土添加量的增加,多孔陶瓷的体积密度、线收缩率与抗折强度均降低,而孔隙率则逐渐增加。微观形貌与X衍射分析表明,稀土La2O3的加入,抑制了氧化铝颗粒间的烧结,并在高温下与氧化铝反应生成了片状晶体LaAl11O18,片状晶LaAl11O18阻碍了氧化铝晶粒的长大,进而抑制了坯体的收缩,最终使得氧化铝多孔陶瓷具有较高的孔隙率。     

CeO2、La2O3、Y2O3和V2O5对Co-Cu-Sn-Fe超硬工具胎体力学性能的影响

选用Co55Cu29Sn10Fe6作为基础配方,以稀土氧化物(CeO2、La2O3、Y2O3)和V2O5作为添加物,研究它们对Co-Cu-Sn-Fe体系的胎体性能影响.研究发现,稀土氧化物对胎体的硬度改善不大,甚至会使硬度大幅降低,但是对胎体的抗折强度影响显著.CeO2含量在0.5％～0.8％、La2O3含量在0.6％、Y2O3含量在0.2％～0.5％时,抗折强度均较未加稀土氧化物的基础配方(451.9MPa)提高很多.V2O5对胎体的影响与稀土氧化物明显不同.V2O5含量低于1.0％时,胎体的抗折强度会有一定提高,在456.4～551.4MPa之间.     

Flash Sintering of (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3–Gd‐Doped CeO2 Composite

Sintering of composites constituted by two nonstoichiometric phases (La_0.6Sr_0.4)(Co_0.2Fe_0.8)O₃ (LSCF) and Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O₂ (GDC) under constant electric field in constant heating rate experiment is studied in this work. The requirements of field and temperature for composite systematically increase with GDC amounts this indicating the importance of material conductivity. Sintering/grain growth rate is higher in the composite compared to pure LSCF phase. Flash‐sintering phenomenon in the composite is explained on the basis of three factors: (1) large and continuous increase in conductivity of LSCF acts as source of defects, (2) maintenance of sufficient local temperature because of GDC during continuous conductivity increase facilitates the cationic diffusion, and (3) reduction reactions of LSCF, during polaron hopping conduction, and of GDC phase at higher temperature activate the sintering process.     

加工条件对聚L-乳酸热性能的影响

为了更好地掌握聚L-乳酸(PLLA)的加工工艺,系统考察了PLLA熔融温度和时间对其热性能的影响。结果表明:增加熔融时间会使PLLA非等温结晶峰变得尖锐,熔融40 min后PLLA的非等温结晶峰最为显著,而熔融时间的增加会使等温结晶后的熔融过程呈现出熔融双峰现象;熔融温度的增加则会使PLLA非等温结晶峰变得更加尖锐。     

(Na2O+K2O)对Ca-Ba-Mg-Al-B-Si-O玻璃/Al2O3材料性能的影响

实验以Ca-Ba-Mg-Al-B-Si-O玻璃和Al_2O_3粉料为原料,设计玻璃中(Na_2O+K_2O)含量分别为0、2%、4%、8%的优化玻璃组成,800～950℃低温烧结得到LTCC材料。研究结果表明:随着(Na_2O+K_2O)含量升高,Ca-Ba-Mg-Al-B-Si-O系玻璃/Al_2O_3烧结体的体积密度与介电常数逐渐增加,烧结体气孔率随之减小,介电损耗出现先减小后增加的趋势。添加2%(Na_2O+K_2O)的Ca-Ba-Mg-Al-B-Si-O玻璃/Al_2O_3材料,在875℃烧结试样显示出优异性能。     

Thermal Conductivity of Molten B2O3, B2O3–SiO2, Na2O–B2O3, and Na2O–SiO2 Systems

With the aid of the transient hot‐wire method, the thermal conductivity of molten B₂O₃, B₂O₃–SiO₂, Na₂O–SiO₂, and Na₂O–B₂O₃ systems was measured along with their temperature and composition. It was observed that the thermal conductivity of pure B₂O₃ increased with temperature, until about 1400 K, and then decreased subsequently. Using the MAS‐NMR, 3Q‐MAS, and Raman spectroscopy, the structure of B₂O₃ and SiO₂ in the B₂O₃–SiO₂ system was confirmed. Findings show that an addition of B₂O₃ into the pure SiO₂ system causes a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, due to the formation of boroxol rings. The thermal conductivity of the Na₂O–SiO₂ system was measured and its phonon mean free path was calculated. In addition, a positive linear relation between viscosity and thermal conductivity was observed. In the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system, it was found that a change in the relative fraction of 4‐coordinated boron has an influence on the thermal conductivity when the concentration of Na₂O is between 10 and 30 mol%, in which case the tetraborate unit is dominant.     

Thermal and optical properties of La2O3–Ga2O3– (Nb2O5 or Ta2O5) ternary glasses

La₂O₃–Ga₂O₃–M₂O₅ (M = Nb or Ta) ternary glasses were fabricated using an aerodynamic levitation technique, and their glass‐forming regions and thermal and optical properties were investigated. Incorporation of adequate amounts of Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ drastically improved the thermal stabilities of the glasses against crystallization. Optical transmittance measurements revealed that all the glasses were transparent over a wide wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the mid‐infrared. The refractive indices of the glasses increased and the Abbe number decreased upon substituting Ga₂O₃ with Nb₂O₅, and the decrease in the Abbe number was significantly suppressed when Ta₂O₅ was incorporated into the glass. As a result, excellent compatibility between high refractive index and lower wavelength dispersion was realized in La₂O₃–Ga₂O₃–Ta₂O₅ glasses. Analysis based on the single‐oscillator Drude–Voigt model provided more systematical information and revealed that this compatibility was due to an increase in the electron density of the glass.     

Application of sonochemical processing to LSC(La0.6Sr0.4CoO3)/SDC(Sm2O3-doped CeO2) composite cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells involving CeO2-based electrolytes

Nanocrystalline Sm₂O₃-Doped CeO₂ (SDC) powders were synthesized in a single- and two-phase material system by using sonochemical processing with high-frequency agitation. The synthesized SDC nanocrystalline powders were used to coat the mixed-conducting La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO₃ (LSC) cathode materials. The combined synthesis processing allows the artificial coating of the LSC materials with the ionic-conducting SDC electrolyte. The electrochemical polarizations of the SDC/LSC composites are characterized using a geometrically constricted contact between the ionic probe and the SDC/LSC composites. The lowest cathode polarization was obtained for the LSC (85 wt%)/SDC (15 wt%). The lowest electrode polarization is believed to result from the high density of the triple-phase boundaries when the constituent phases are interconnected in a 3-dimensional manner.     

Effect of Na2O on the High‐Temperature Thermal Conductivity and Structure of Na2O–B2O3 Melts

The effect of Na₂O and temperature on the thermal conductivity of the Na₂O–B₂O₃ binary system has been measured using the hot‐wire method to examine the relationship between the thermal conductivity and structure in high‐temperature melts. The thermal conductivity of the binary melt is measured from 1173 to 1473 K in the fully liquid state. The thermal conductivity slightly increases with Na₂O content up to 20 wt%. Above 20 wt% Na₂O, the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing Na₂O. The network structure of molten glass was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. The FTIR analysis shows that 3‐D complex borate structures, such as tri‐, tetra‐, and pentaborate are made by [BO₄] tetrahedral units interconnected with 2‐D structure boroxol rings in the low Na₂O region. Above 20 wt% Na₂O content, nonbridged oxygen in [BO₂O^?] units and diborate groups increase with increase in Na₂O. The same tendency is shown by the Raman spectroscopy and XPS analyses. The Raman analysis shows that boroxol rings disappeared with large [BO₄] groups, such as tri‐, tetra‐, and pentaborate structures, which increase at low Na₂O content. Isolated diborate groups and nonbridged oxygen in [BO₂O^?] units increase at high Na₂O content. It can be inferred that single structure units, such as isolated diborate groups, interfere with conduction. The XPS analysis results show that free oxygen produced by the interconnection of Na₂O in the borate structure does not cause significant changes to O^2? in the low Na₂O region, but increases the O^o and decreases the O^?. Above 20 wt% Na₂O, O^? slightly increases and O^o shows a decreasing trend.     

The Effect of Sulphur on the Activity of Pd/Al2O3, Pd/CeO2 and Pd/ZrO2 Diesel Exhaust Gas Catalysts

Pd/Al₂O₃, Pd/CeO₂ and Pd/ZrO₂ diesel oxidation catalysts and their washcoat materials were studied after sulphur treatment. The catalytic activities were analysed in simplified diesel exhaust gas composition by FT-IR technique. ICP-OES or XRF, physisorption and CO chemisorption was used to catalyst characterisation. The result shows that the sulphur treatment clearly deactivates the studied catalysts.     

TAP Investigation of NO Adsorption on Pd/Al2O3: Effect of Thermal Aging

This paper deals with the aging effect on the kinetics of the NO decomposition on a commercial Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Temporal analysis of products experiments are discussed in the light of a selected mechanism involving the recombination of two NO_ads species to form N₂O, which is an intermediate in N₂ formation. Experiments over the fresh catalyst indicate a strong metal/support interface, with a spill-over effect, which is difficult to model. Thermal aging had a detrimental effect over this interface, the kinetic features depending mainly on the metallic Pd sites. The different heats of adsorption and activation energies are proven consistent with other theoretical studies. The mechanism led to a high surface coverage for O ad-atoms.     

Effect of La2O3 on the microstructure and optical performance of (Tb0.8Y0.2-xLax)2O3 ceramics

(Tb_0.8Y_0.2-xLa_x)₂O₃ transparent ceramics were prepared by using co-precipitation method combined with pressure-less sintering in flowing H₂ atmosphere. Microstructure, optical transmittance, elements composition, and Verdet constant of the (Tb_0.8Y_0.2-xLa_x)₂O₃ ceramics were studied. The amount of La₂O₃ is crucial for the formation of expected transparent (Tb_0.8Y_0.2)₂O₃. With increasing content of La₂O₃, the number of pores and the grain size of as-fabricated (Tb_0.8Y_0.2-xLa_x)₂O₃ ceramics both decrease. When 4 at.% La₂O₃ is doped, the (Tb_0.8Y_0.16)₂O₃ transparent ceramics shows the highest transmittance of 73.3% at 1400 nm wavelength. With holding time increasing from 8 h to 15 h, the average grain size of (Tb_0.8Y_0.16La_0.04)₂O₃ ceramics gradually increases from 5 μm to 13 μm. The Verdet constant measured at 633 nm is ?352 rad/T·m, which is 2.63 times higher than that of TGG. In addition, large-size ceramics with Φ 20 mm × 3 mm and Φ 30 mm × 3 mm were also successfully obtained.     

新型稀土配合物Tb(bza)3(dpe)(H2O)3的表征及热分解动力学性质

合成了新型稀土固态配合物Tb（bza）3（dpe）（H2O）3[（Hbza=Benzoic acid,dpe=1,2-Di-（4-pyridyl）-ethylen]。通过元素分析和化学分析确定了配合物的组成,采用红外光谱等技术对配合物进行了表征,研究了配合物的荧光性能,用TG-DTG法研究了配合物的热分解行为,用非模型等转化率法研究了配合物热分解脱水过程的动力学,获得其表观活化能、指前因子数值范围、最概然机理函数和模型函数。     

Effect of Al2O3 Additions on the Thermal Expansion Behavior of a Li2O-ZnO-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic

The effect of Al₂O₃ substitution on the thermal expansion behavior of a Li₂O-ZnO-SiO₂ glass-ceramic was investigated using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and dilatometry. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the original Al₂O₃-free glass-ceramic measured between 20° and 900°C decreased from 12.4 × 10^-6°C^-1 to 6.3 × 10^-6°C^-1 with Al₂O₃ substitution for ZnO up to 11 wt%. The results were correlated to the changes in the phase assemblage with Al₂O₃ addition.     

TeO2—Ba（PO3）2—Na2O（Li2O）三元玻璃系统的成玻区,性能与结构

合成了ＴｅＯ２－Ｂａ（ＰＯ３）２－Ｎａ２Ｏ（Ｌｉ２）三元玻璃系统，通过对红外光谱的分析表明，在磷碲酸盐玻璃中，由双三角锥状的「ＴｅＯ＾４－４」单元和磷氧四面体单元构筑成链状玻璃结构。ＴｅＯ２－Ｂａ（ＰＯ３）２二元玻璃系统具有成玻范围宽，玻璃稳定性好，光学和物理学性能调整范围大的特点。     

Thermal Stability,Optical Transmittance,and Refractive Index Dispersion of La2O3–Nb2O5–Al2O3 Glasses

La₂O₃–Nb₂O₅–Al₂O₃ high‐refractive‐index glasses were fabricated by containerless processing, and the glass‐forming region was determined. The thermal stability, density, optical transmittance, and the refractive index dispersion of these glasses were investigated. All the glasses were colorless and transparent in the visible to near infrared (NIR) region and had high refractive index with low wavelength dispersion. Some of these glasses were found to have significantly high glass‐forming ability. These results indicate that the ternary glasses are suitable for optical applications in the visible to NIR region. The effects of the substitution of Al₂O₃ for Nb₂O₅ on optical properties were discussed on the basis of the Drude–Voigt equation. It was suggested that the substitution of Al₂O₃ for Nb₂O₅ increased the molecular density and suppressed a decrease in the refractive index, even when both the average oscillator strength and inherent absorption wavelength decreased in La₂O₃–Nb₂O₅–Al₂O₃ glasses. These results are helpful for designing new optical glasses controlled to have a higher refractive index and lower wavelength dispersion.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of (Cu0.94La0.06)2SnO4 Nanocomposite Photocatalyst Under Simulated Sunlight

Abstract  

A series of (Cu_0.94La_0.06)₂SnO₄ photocatalysts were prepared under different calcination temperatures using a simple co-precipitation method. The crystalline structures of the as-prepared photocatalysts, as well as their particle sizes, photo absorption, and the effect of calcination temperature, were investigated using x-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, transmission electron microscopy, and UV−Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of (Cu_0.94La_0.06)₂SnO₄ nanocomposite oxide was evaluated using the photodegradation efficiency of acid blue 62 (AB62) as a probe under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic experimental results show that the maximum specific photocatalytic activity of the (Cu_0.94La_0.06)₂SnO₄ photocatalyst appears after calcination at 450 °C for 2.5 h because of the good crystallization and small crystal size of the sample. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the AB62 aqueous solution can reach a degradation rate of 97.71% in 2 h, showing that the (Cu_0.94La_0.06)₂SnO₄ nanocomposite photocatalyst has a much higher photocatalytic activity than the standard Degussa P25 photocatalyst.