有机棉生产技术、发展现状及未来发展前景

当前环境和资源是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,有机农业是实现农业可持续健康发展的有效载体。有机棉的概念就是在有机农业发展潮流前提下提出的,是有机农业的一个独立的分支。本文介绍的有机棉,是一种真正源于自然的高品质无污染的＂环保棉花＂,不使用任何杀虫剂和转寄基因产品而进行生产和加工,并经独立认证机构认证的原棉。它的生产技术与转基因棉花的种植技术作比较有很大的不同。从对土地的选择到对生产中的内部质量控制以及有机棉花的生产及加工管理都有着严格的技术要求。从有机棉目前的形势上看,有机棉生产系统已在15个国家实施,但有机棉产量不到全球棉花产量的1%。从近期服装面料的发展趋势看,人们追求自然,回归自然,在服装追求上除具有保暖、美丽的同时,同样追求健康及轻松舒适的功能。在此背景下,有机棉产业会具有很好的开发前景,会成为下世纪的新兴产业。本文同时阐述了在新疆大力推广有机棉产业的有利因素,探讨了有机棉标准制定和实施的可能性。在撰写本文的过程中,由于对有机棉的认识缺乏一定的深度,在某些问题的论述中可能会有疏漏之处。希望能和有致于有机棉技术的同仁共同探讨,使之得以更广泛的推广和使用。     

有机棉在中国的发展前景探讨

通过介绍有机棉的推广原因及在世界范围的发展情况,分析了有机棉在我国发展的优势与劣势,以及为推动有机棉在我国的发展应采取的措施.     

国际有机棉纺织品的发展

全球需要的纤维约50%来自棉花,除了美国、中国、印度、巴基斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、土耳其这6个主要产棉国外,已有超过60个国家在种植棉花.自1930年以来,世界的棉花种植面积未有大的变动,全球棉花的种植占约全球耕地的3%,但由于大量使用化学品、灌溉和采用高产品种等原因,棉花产量增加了3倍.棉农约需要2.6亿美元来购买杀虫剂,棉用杀虫剂占全球杀虫剂销售额的25%,占全球农药销售额的10%,棉花是农药使用最多的农作物,国际环保组织曾在上世纪90年代提出过"生产一件T恤所需的棉,使用了1/3磅的农药"的说法.     

若兮有机棉卫生巾

若兮是韩国Bernini公司推出的有机纯棉系列用品。Bernini公司在产品生产过程中不仅表面材料采用了抗过敏能力十分突出的有机纯棉。而且在其它主要成分和生产过程中也处处把环保和舒适作为重点,使这一品牌荣获多项有机认证和众多权威部门的支持。     

有机棉及其发展趋势

1重视发展高品质环保有机棉 一般而言,普通棉花在生产的整个过程中,棉农为防治杂草和虫害,使用了巨大数量的农用化学品,包括大量的杀虫剂、除草剂、脱叶剂、生长调节剂、杀菌剂等.据报道,棉花中含有大约35种杀虫剂和除草剂,占全世界每年杀虫剂总产量的25%和所有除草剂的10%,全世界约有50%用于农业的化学品使用在棉花生产中.     

绿色环保纤维--有机棉

介绍了有机棉的概念及发展现状．阐述了有机棉的一些栽培技术和在新疆大力推广有机棉产业的有利因素。     

全球有机棉产量提高53％

据有机棉交易所最新报告称，2005／2006～2006／2007年度全球有机棉产量增长535％。     

有机棉：面料中的绿色通道

有机棉是一种真正源于自然高品质无污染的“环保棉花”，不使用任何杀虫剂和转基因产品而进行生产和加工并经独立认证机构认证的原棉，有机棉是在农业生产中，以有机肥、生物、防治病虫害自然耕作管理为主，不许使用化学制品；从种子到农产品全天然无污染生产的棉花以各国或WTO／FAO颁布的《农产品安全质量标准》为衡量尺度，     

全球有机棉标准OE及其认证

美国纺织交易所(TE)建立全球有机棉标准(OE)的目的是,在全球范围内推广有机棉,确保有机棉纺织品中有机棉的纤维含量(最低质量分数为5%)。全球有机棉标准包括有机转化100标准和有机转化混纺标准。国内有机棉纺织品生产加工和贸易企业应充分了解OE标准的推出过程、内容及认证方法,以便更好地适应市场发展。     

有机棉紧密纺纱线的生产实践

为了提高有机棉纱线的品质,采用紧密纺纱技术对其进行纺纱,并对比纺制所得紧密纱和环锭纺有机棉纱的性能指标结果表明,通过紧密纺纱工艺可以有效提高有机棉纱强力并降低毛羽量。     

有机棉/彩棉混纺织物的开发

介绍了有机棉与彩棉的特性、70／30精梳有机棉／彩棉14．6tex混纺纱的加工过程和工艺配置,以及利用该混纺纱生产14．6／14．6530／380149面料的工艺配置和技术措施,分析了影响生产过程与产品质量的关键因素及解决措施。     

Effect of organic poultry purchase frequency on consumer attitudes toward organic poultry meat

Because of the growing consumers' interest in organic meat, consumers' (N = 976) attitude toward organic meat was evaluated. Most respondents (59%) occasionally purchased organic chicken. To determine the organic chicken consumer profile, the organic chicken consumption frequencies of different demographic groups were compared. The results show dependence on age (P= 0.039) and ethnicity (P = 0.015). Older respondents as well as respondents who identified themselves as Caucasians tended to buy organic chicken more frequently. However, many other socio-demographic factors were not correlated with organic chicken consumption: gender (P = 0.185), education (P = 0.235), household income (0.867), living with partner or not (P = 0.235), and number of children (P = 0.883). Taste was identified as the most important meat quality attribute (perceived as [very] important by 94% of the respondents). Other important meat quality criteria were: general appearance, overall health, price, nutritional value, and containing no medical residues. "Organically produced" appeared to not be that important compared with other criteria. When respondents bought organic chicken more often, the importance of most of the meat quality attributes shifted to higher levels of importance, except for the price where an adverse effect was shown. The main motivation factors to buy organic chicken were the perception that organic chicken has fewer residues (pesticides, hormones, antibiotics), is safer, and healthier. The high price for organic meats was the strongest limiting factor for organic meat purchases followed by poor availability. Approximately 41% of the non-buyers and 30% of the occasional buyers perceived organic meat as not or hardly likely to be available in their supermarket. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study obtained a better knowledge of consumers' attitudes and perception of organic chicken as well as the effect of various demographics on the likelihood of buying organic chicken. For marketing purposes of organic meats, it helps to know which attributes consumers perceive as important, where the consumer purchases organic chicken, and what the perceived availability of organic chicken is. Additionally, the motivation and deterrent factors are described indicating why the consumer does or does not purchase organic chicken. This information can be valuable to help promoting organic meats to the consumers.     

Characterization of the conventional and organic cotton fibres

The characterization of the conventional and organic cotton fibres to understand the differences present between them is presented. The cotton fibres were characterized for their fibre properties such as the surface morphology, surface chemical composition, surface elemental composition and internal fibre structure. The results show that the surface morphology and surface chemical composition of both the cotton fibres are similar. The surface elemental composition of both the cotton fibres shows that organic cotton fibres have higher percentage of metals than the conventional cotton fibres. Based on the FTIR spectrum analysis, it is observed that the organic cotton fibres may have a higher proportion of representative groups compared to that of the conventional cotton fibres. The fraction of I _α and I _β cellulose shows that I _β cellulose dominates in both cotton fibres. The crystallinity of both the cotton fibres was determined using the wide angle X-ray diffraction data. The results show that crystallinity of both fibres is similar.     

Functional and organic eggs as an alternative to conventional production: a conjoint analysis of consumers' preferences

BACKGROUND: In the current context of growing consumer demand for foodstuffs that are healthy and safe and that are obtained in a manner respectful to the welfare of animals, the analysis of consumer preferences towards attributes of this type takes on particular importance. These trends are especially clear in the case of the consumption of eggs because of their strong negative association with cholesterol levels and their extremely intensive systems of production. The introduction of variants that are more in harmony with current consumer demands represents an interesting market alternative. RESULTS: The present study was aimed at investigating the preferences of Spanish consumers for these alternative types of egg that are entering the market. The survey was conducted with 361 consumers from October 2007 to March 2008. The conjoint analysis allowed us to estimate the relative importance of the main attributes that affect consumer preferences for eggs and to distinguish segments of consumers with similar preference profiles. CONCLUSION: It was found that price is the most important attribute determining consumer preferences, followed by the hens' feed and their rearing conditions. It was also found that only some groups of consumers are willing to pay the premium necessary for alternative methods of production. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

中国新闻纸的生产,市场,竞争与发展

本文通过对我国新闻纸生产及市场的基本情况分析，提出一些提高我国新闻纸企业竞争和发展能力的建议。     

我国有机食品的现状及发展趋势

介绍了有机食品的特点及对人与自然和谐发展的作用,并概述了我国有机食品的发展现状及趋势.     

有机棉变化斜纹织物的开发

开发有机棉系列产品是棉纺织品发展的一个必然趋势.介绍了有机棉纱线的加工过程和技术要点,以及利用该纱线生产面料的工艺过程和关键技术,分析了影响加工过程与产品质量的关键因素及解决措施.     

有机棉与竹浆纤维混纺纱的开发及经济效益分析

概述了有机棉与竹浆纤维混纺纱开发的技术背景和社会背景.详述了该产品的生产工艺过程.该产品的开发,实现了绿色环保纤维的结合,解决了棉竹混纺后成纱强力低的问题.分析证明,该产品具有良好的经济效益.     

国内活性干酵母生产的现状与发展

介绍了活性干酵母的功能、应用领域,国内活性干酵母行业的现状、市场概况、存在的主要问题,展望了活性干酵母的发展前景,对活性干酵母行业的发展提出了一些建议.     

棉用环保型有机磷系阻燃剂的研究进展

棉织物穿着舒适,但耐热性差,易燃,故阻燃棉纤维或织物被广泛研究,环保可持续型材料越来越得到重视.有机磷系阻燃剂以其来源广、成本低、阻燃效果好而被广泛应用于纺织品、塑料树脂等方面.从环保角度出发,综述了近年来棉用阻燃剂的分类、阻燃机理及研究进展,并展望环保型棉用有机磷系阻燃剂的发展趋势.