基于端到端的传感器网络拓扑推测算法研究

针对传感器网络能源有限的特性,提出了一种基于端到端的拓扑推测算法.根据在汇聚节点(Sink)收集到网络内部节点报文接收或丢失的情况,推测传感器网络拓扑结构.通过理论分析和仿真,证明该算法可以在较少的数据收集轮次中快速地推测出网络拓扑,并克服了现有传感器网络拓扑推测算法在报文丢失率过重情况下的误判问题.     

无线传感器网络链路报文丢失率推测方法研究

针对传感器网络能源有限的特征,提出一种适用于传感器网络的链路报文丢失率测量方法。根据在汇聚节点（sink）获取的网络数据报文,将链路报文丢失率推测形式化为MLE问题并用EM算法解决推测问题。仿真试验证明,算法在不增加网络负担的前提下,能够有效地推测链路的报文丢失率;随着网络规模的扩大,算法仍能准确地反映网络内部的链路性能。     

基于网络断层扫描的传感器网络链路丢包研究

文中提出了一种基于网络断层扫描的无线传感器网络链路丢包率测量方法,通过边界节点的丢包率来估计传感器内部链路丢包的情况。根据无线传感器网络数据聚合的特点,提出了网络逻辑拓扑和链路报文丢包模型,在将链路报文丢失率推测问题形式化为MLE问题的基础上,用引入修正因子的μ的EM算法来推测链路报文丢失率。NS2仿真结果证明,μ-EM算法推测的链路报文丢失率与预设值更加接近,特别是在大规模网络中μ-EM算法在精确度和有效性方面均明显优于EM算法。     

基于数据聚合的无线传感器网络拓扑发现算法

针对传感器网络能源有限的特性,提出了一种基于数据聚合的拓扑发现算法。根据在聚合节点（sink）收集到网络内部节点报文接收或丢失的情况,通过发现网络中所有叶子节点到sink节点的数据传输路径,来推测网络的逻辑拓扑,不会增加网络负担。仿真实验表明：算法可以准确快速地推测传感器网络的拓扑,并且适合大规模传感网络的拓扑推测。     

基于网络断层扫描的传感器网络测量技术

提出一种基于断层扫描技术的传感器网络测量方法,通过在网络边界节点获取网络自身传输的数据报文,分析推测网络的性能。针对传感器网络的特点,提出在被动测量条件下的报文丢失率模型,给出MLE-EM算法的实现。仿真试验证明,算法在不增加节点负担的前提下,能够有效推测链路的报文丢失率,随着网络规模的扩大,仍能准确地反映网络内部的链路性能。     

一种基于数据汇聚的传感器网络链路报文丢失率推测算法*

提出一种基于数据汇聚的传感器网络链路报文丢失率推测算法,利用在汇聚节点观测到的父子节点报文接收数量的差异,通过简单的数值计算快速地推测逻辑链路的报文丢失率。仿真结果与理论计算结果相比表明,算法能够较准确地推测出逻辑链路上的报文丢失率,实时性好。     

报文分类算法研究

阐述了互联网络中报文分类问题的定义、几何意义和最新研究进展.从报文分类算法的实现特征出发,对报文分类问题的各种经典算法进行了分类并逐类地详细介绍.通过对几种典型算法在虚拟环境下进行评测,总结了各种报文分类算法的优缺点和适用环境,并就报文分类问题的研究方向作出展望.     

PIPO:一种基于网络处理器的新型多通道报文缓冲调度机制

随着链路速度的增加,为避免拥塞所导致的报文丢失,网络处理器需使用大容量、高带宽的多通道报文缓冲存储器.如何高效利用多通道报文缓冲存储器的带宽成为网络处理器设计的一个重要问题.在分析网络处理器中报文缓冲特点的基础上,提出了一种流水输入/并行输出(PIPO)的新型多通道报文缓冲调度机制,采用流水输入调度技术处理输入端的写请求序列,采用并行输出调度技术调度输出端的读请求序列,同时采用存储访问策略优化输入/输出端的访存效率.通过模拟实验与传统的FCFS调度方法相比较,PIPO调度方法具有更高的带宽利用率和更低的瞬时带宽抖动.     

一种考虑节点拥塞情况的DTN概率路由算法*

容迟网络是一种新型网络,其概率路由算法根据历史相遇频率对相遇概率进行计算与更新,通过相遇概率判断是否转发报文。当节点缓存受限时,在网络中采用概率路由算法使得节点很容易发生拥塞,对报文的传送产生影响。为了减小拥塞对概率路由算法的影响,提出了一种考虑节点拥塞情况的概率路由算法,将节点相遇的概率和节点拥塞的情况综合起来,得到一个报文的递交概率,降低了由于拥塞对网络性能的影响,提高了报文的递交率,减小了报文在缓存中排队等候的时间。仿真结果表明,与传统的概率路由算法相比,在改进后的概率路由算法中报文递交率显著提高,平均延迟也在降低。     

一种采用流切割实现报文保序的负载均衡算法

网络链路过载或链路失效时,使用负载均衡技术可以避免网络发生拥塞。负载的分派粒度决定了负载均衡系统的均衡性能。分派粒度越细,均衡效果越理想。基于包水平粒度的负载分派可以实现理想的均衡性能,但是会造成同一TCP业务流中报文乱序;基于流水平的分派可以保证报文不乱序,但均衡效果不理想。提出了按照报文段粒度分派负载的FSLB算法。仿真实验表明,该算法可避免报文乱序并能达到较理想的均衡效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.